Mashandiro anoita Sisitimu Yekugaya Zvokudya
Chikafu chatinodya zuva nezuva hachigone kushandiswa zvakananga nemuviri. Zvinovaka muviri zviri muchikafu zvinofanira kutanga zvapatsanurwa kuita zviri nyore zvisati zvanyatsotorwa uye kushandiswa. Maitiro aya akaomarara uye akaomarara anoitwa nehurongwa hwedu hwekugaya chikafu.
Nhanganyaya kuSistimu Yekugaya
Sisitimu yekugaya chikafu yemunhu ine nzira yekugaya chikafu uye nhengo dzinobatsira mukugaya chikafu. Nzira yekugaya chikafu inosanganisira muromo, gurokuro, dumbu, ura diki, ura hombe, rectum, uye huro. Panguva imwe chete, nhengo dzinobatsira dzinosanganisira matumbu emate, chiropa, pancreas, uye nduru. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinoshanda pamwe chete uye chinoshanda pamwe chete kuti chiparadze chikafu uye chiwane zvinovaka muviri.
Maitiro Ekugaya
1. Muromo: Kutanga kweKugaya
Kugaya chikafu kunotanga mumuromo. Kana chikafu chikapinda mumuromo, mazino anobatanidzwa mukuita kwekutsenga, kunozivikanwa sekugaya chikafu nemagetsi. Kutsenga kunoputsa chikafu kuita zvidimbu zvidiki, zvichiwedzera nzvimbo yepamusoro kuti zvive nyore kugaya chikafu nema enzymes.
Tevere, matinji anoburitsa mate, ayo anoshanda pakunyorovesa chikafu. Mate anewo enzyme inonzi amylase, iyo inotanga kupwanya makabhohaidhiretsi akaomarara kuita shuga, senge maltose.
2. Gurokuro: Nzira inoenda mudumbu
Mushure mekutsenga nekusanganiswa nemate, chikafu chinoshandurwa kuita bolus uye chinomedzwa. Bolus inopfuura nemugurokuro kuburikidza neperistalsis, inova kusimba kwetsandanyama kunosundira chikafu mudumbu. Peristalsis yakakosha nekuti inobvumira chikafu kufamba chinopesana negravity.
3. Dumbu: Kugayiwa kwemakemikari kunotanga
Dumbu ibhegi rine tsandanyama rinochengeta uye rinosanganisa chikafu. Pano, chikafu chinogayiwa zvakanyanya nemakemikari. Masero eparietal emudumbu anogadzira hydrochloric acid (HCl), iyo inogadzira nharaunda ine acidity ine pH yakaderera, iyo inobatsira kuuraya utachiona uye inoita kuti pepsinogen iite pepsin, enzyme inoputsa mapuroteni kuita mapeptide.
Kunze kwepepsin, madziro edumbu anoburitsawo gastric lipase kuti igaye mafuta nematehwe ekudzivirira madziro edumbu kubva mukuora kweHCl acid.
4. Utumbu Hudiki: Kunyudzwa Kwezvinovaka Muviri
Chikafu chinobuda mudumbu chinopinda muura hudiki semvura yakakora inonzi chyme. Ura hudiki hune zvikamu zvikuru zvitatu: duodenum, jejunum, uye ileum. Duodenum ndiyo nzvimbo yekutanga iyo chyme inosanganiswa ne bile kubva munduru uye ma enzymes ekugaya kubva mupancreas.
Nyoro, inogadzirwa nechiropa uye inochengetwa munduru, inobatsira mukuwedzera mafuta, ichishandura mamorekuru makuru emafuta kuita mamorekuru madiki anogona kuputswa nyore nyore ne lipase. Panguva imwecheteyo, muto wepancreatic une ma enzymes akasiyana-siyana akadai se amylase, lipase, uye protease, ayo anoputsa makabhohaidhiretsi, mafuta, uye mapuroteni.
Masero emuura mudiki ane microvilli nevilli zvinowedzera nzvimbo yemudumbu, zvichiita kuti muviri unyatsopinda zvakanaka. Kubva ipapo, glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, uye glycerol zvinopinda muropa kuti zvipararire mumuviri wese.
5. Matumbu Makuru: Kunyudzwa kwemvura uye Kuumbwa kwetsvina
Marara echikafu asinganyudzwe neura hudiki anopinda muura hukuru. Basa guru reura hukuru nderekunyudzwa kwemvura nemaelectrolytes uye kuumbwa kwetsvina. Marara makuru anewo zvirimwa zvemudumbu, kana kuti microbiota, zvinovirisa marara echikafu asina kumedzwa uye zvinogadzira vhitamini K nemavhitamini akawanda eB.
6. Dhure neAnus: Kubvisa tsvina
Mushure mekunwa mvura, chikafu chasara chinoshanduka kuita tsvina uye chinochengetwa mudura kusvika chaburitswa kuburikidza netsvina panguva yekuzvibatsira.
Basa reZvishandiso muKugaya
1. Mate: Anoburitsa mate anobatsira kutsenga nekumedza uye ane enzyme inonzi amylase yekupwanya makabhohaidhiretsi.
2. Chiropa: Chinoburitsa bile iro rakakosha pakuwedzera mafuta mumuviri.
3. Dundira: Rinochengeta uye rinoburitsa nduru muduodenum kana zvichidikanwa.
4. Pancreas: Inogadzira muto wepancreas une ma enzymes akawanda ekugaya makabhohaidhiretsi, mapuroteni nemafuta pamwe ne bicarbonate kuti ibvise acid yemudumbu.
Mhedziso
Maitiro ekugaya chikafu inzira yakaoma inosanganisira nhengo dzakasiyana-siyana nema enzymes ekuputsa chikafu kuita zvinovaka muviri zvinonyungudika. Kubva pamuromo kusvika kuhuro, danho rega rega rine basa rakakosha pakuona kuti miviri yedu inowana zvinovaka muviri zvese zvinodiwa kuti ishande zvakanaka. Nekunzwisisa mashandiro anoita sisitimu yekugaya chikafu, tinogona kunzwisisa kukosha kwekudya zvine hutano uye kuchengetedza hutano hwekugaya chikafu hwakakodzera.
