Mashandiro anoita Alveoli muGas Exchange
MaAlveoli zvimiro zvidiki, zvakaita semasagi mukati memapapu zvinoita basa rakakosha mukutsinhana kwemagasi pakati penzira yekufema yemunhu nehurongwa hweropa. Maalveoli ari kumagumo kwenzira dzekufema dzebronchial, ndipo panopindwa okisijeni kubva mumhepo muropa, uye kabhoni dhayiokisaidhi kubva muropa mumhepo kuti ibudiswe mumuviri. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora zvakadzama kuti maalveoli anoita sei basa iri rinokosha.
1. Maumbirwo uye Nzvimbo yeAlveoli
MaAlveoli zvivako zvidiki, zvakaita semasagi zvine madziro matete ane jira rimwe chete remasero e epithelial ane squamous. Madziro aya matete anobvumira kupararira kwegasi kunoshanda zvikuru. Akakomberedzwa ne network yakakora ye capillaries. Bapu rega rega remunhu rine alveoli inosvika mamiriyoni mazana matatu, zvichipa nzvimbo yakakura yakakosha pakuchinjana gasi. Pamwe chete, alveoli inopa nzvimbo yepamusoro ye70–100 square metres, yakaenzana nenhandare yetenisi, iyo yakakura zvakakwana kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti gasi rinoshanduka kushanda zvakanaka.
2. Maitiro ekuchinjana magasi muAlveoli
Kuchinjana kwegasi mu alveoli kunosanganisira magasi maviri makuru: okisijeni (O2) uye kabhoni dhayokisaidhi (CO2). Maitiro aya anogona kutsanangurwa kuburikidza nematanho anotevera:
a. Kufema uye Kubvisa Mhepo
Patinofema, tsandanyama dzemukati medumbu nedzekunze dzinobatana, zvichiita kuti chipfuva chiwedzere kukura uye mweya uri mumapapu uderere zvichienzaniswa nemhepo iri mumhepo. Mhepo inobva yapinda mumapapu kuburikidza netrachea, bronchi, uye bronchioles kusvika yasvika mualveoli.
b. Kupararira kweokisijeni
Mhepo inosvika mualveoli ine okisijeni yakawanda. Mualveoli, okisijeni inopararira kuburikidza nemadziro matete ealveolar ichipinda muropa. Ma capillaries ari pedyo zvikuru nealveoli, saka daro rekupararira nderepfupi zvikuru, zvichiita kuti okisijeni ipararire nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira muropa.
c. Kusungana kweOxygen neHemoglobin
Kana okisijeni yapararira mumapapu, inotorwa nemasero matsvuku eropa yobatana nehemoglobin, zvoita oxyhemoglobin. Kubatana kweokisijeni nehemoglobin kwakakosha nekuti kunoita kuti ropa rikwanise kutakura okisijeni yakawanda mumuviri wese. Ropa rine okisijeni yakawanda rinobuda mumapapu kuburikidza netsinga dzemapapu roendeswa kumoyo, iro rinozopomba ropa rine okisijeni mumuviri wese.
d. Kupararira kweCarbon Dioxide
Kunyange zvazvo okisijeni ichipararira muropa, kabhoni dhayiokisijeni inogadzirwa nemasero emuviri sechinhu chinobvisa marara mumuviri inopararira kubva muropa ichipinda mualveoli. Kabhoni dhayiokisijeni iyi inobva mumasero emuviri uye inotakurwa ichidzokera kumapapu neropa remutsinga. Macapillaries akakomberedza alveoli ane ropa rakapfuma mucarbon dioxide. Kabhoni dhayiokisijeni inopararira kubva mucapillaries dzeropa kuburikidza nemadziro ealveolar ichipinda mualveolar space nekuti huwandu hwekabhoni dhayiokisijeni hwakakwira mucapillaries dzeropa kupfuura munzvimbo yealveolar space.
e. Kufema uye Kusunungurwa kweMhepo
Kana kabhoni dhayiokisijeni yapararira mualveoli, mweya uyu une kabhoni dhayiokisijeni unoburitswa mumuviri kuburikidza nekufema. Kufema kunoitika kana diaphragm netsandanyama dzemukati medumbu zvakasununguka, zvichiita kuti chipfuva chiderere uye kumanikidzwa kwemhepo mumapapu kuwedzere kupfuura kumanikidzwa kwemhepo. Saka, mweya une kabhoni dhayiokisijeni unoburitswa mumapapu kuburikidza nebronchioles, bronchi, uye trachea.
3. Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kuchinjana Kwegasi MuAlveoli
Kuchinjana kwemagasi mualveoli kunogona kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvinhu izvi zvinosanganisira mamiriro emuviri uye ezvirwere zvinogona kukanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwekufema.
a. Kuwanda kwegasi
Musiyano uripo pakati peokisijeni mualveoli neropa re capillaries unokanganisa mwero wekupararira kweokisijeni. Musiyano uripo pakati peokisijeni neropa unowedzera, uye okisijeni inopararira nekukurumidza. Izvi ndizvo zvinoitikawo kune carbon dioxide.
b. Ukobvu hwemadziro eAlveolar
Mazhinji ealveoli ane madziro matete anobatsira kupararira kwegasi. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvirwere, zvakaita se pulmonary fibrosis, zvinogona kukonzera kukora kwemadziro ealveolar, izvo zvinodzivisa mwero wekupararira kweokisijeni nekabhoni dioxide.
c. Nzvimbo Yekuchinjana Gasi
Nzvimbo yekumusoro kweAlveolar chinhu chakakosha pakushanda zvakanaka kwekuchinjana kwegasi. Zvirwere zvakaita se emphysema zvinokonzera kukuvara nekurasikirwa kwe alveoli, izvo zvinoderedza nzvimbo yekuchinjana gasi nokudaro zvinoderedza kushanda zvakanaka kwekuparadzira gasi.
d. Kuyerera kweRopa
Kufamba kweropa kwakakwana kuburikidza nemapapu emapapu kunoitawo basa rakakosha. Kuyerera kwakanaka kweropa mumapapu kunobvumira kuti okisijeni yakawanda itorerwe neropa uye carbon dioxide yakawanda iendeswe kualveoli.
e. Kufema Kwemapapu
Kufefetera kwakakwana kunoita kuti ma alveoli azadzwe nemhepo itsva, ine okisijeni yakawanda uye kunobatsira kubvisa mhepo ine carbon dioxide yakawanda. Zvirwere zvinotadzisa kufamba zvakanaka zvakaita seasthma kana bronchitis inogona kukanganisa kufamba zvakanaka kwemhepo uye kuderedza kushanda zvakanaka kwekuchinjana kwemagasi.
4. Zvirwere Zvinokanganisa Kuchinjana Kwegasi MuAlveoli
Zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana uye mamiriro ezvinhu ehutano zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro e alveolar uye kuchinjana kwegasi. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
a. Emphysema
Emphysema chirwere chisingaperi chemapapu (COPD) chinoratidzwa nekukuvara kwematishu emumapapu uye kurasikirwa nekusimba kwemapapu. Izvi zvinoguma nekushomeka kwenzvimbo yekuchinjana magasi uye kushaya mhepo yakakwana.
b. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis chirwere chinokonzera mavanga mumapapu, kukora uye kuoma kwemadziro e alveolar. Izvi zvinodzivisa kupararira kweokisijeni nekabhoni dioxide.
c. Asima
Muchirwere cheasthma, nzira dzekufema dzinova dzakatetepa uye dzinozvimba, izvo zvinoderedza kufefetera kwemapapu uye zvinogona kukonzera kudzikira kweoxygen mualveoli.
d. Manyoka
Chibayo chirwere chemapapu chinokonzera kuzvimba uye kuzadza ma alveoli nemvura kana kuti pus, izvo zvinovhara kuchinjana kwemagasi.
Mhedziso
Maalveoli anoita basa guru mukutsinhana kwemagasi kunokosha uko kunobvumira masero emuviri kugamuchira okisijeni inodiwa kuti hupenyu huvepo uye kuburitsa kabhoni dhayokisaidhi, chinhu chinoburitswa nemetabolism. Kupararira kweokisijeni nekabhoni dhayokisaidhi mukati mealveoli kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakati wandei, zvinosanganisira kuwanda kwegasi, ukobvu hwemadziro ealveolar, nzvimbo yepamusoro, kuyerera kweropa, uye kufefetera kwemapapu. Kunzwisisa mashandiro anoita alveoli nezvinhu zvinopesvedzera mashandiro ayo kwakakosha pakurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro emapapu uye hutano hwekufema.
Nekuchengetedza hutano hwemapapu kuburikidza nemararamiro ane hutano, akadai sekusaputa fodya, kurovedza muviri nguva dzose, uye kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwemhepo, tinogona kubatsira kuona kuti alveoli yedu inoshanda zvakanaka uye zvinobudirira mukutsinhana kwegasi, nokudaro tichitsigira hutano hwakanaka uye hupenyu hwakanaka.
