Mapombi Eropa Emwoyo
Mwoyo ndiwo injini huru yehurongwa hweropa remunhu. Sekondi yega yega, nhengo iyi yakakura sechibhakera inoshanda nesimba kuti ifambese ropa mumuviri wese. Ropa rinoendesa okisijeni nezvinovaka muviri kumasero, ukuwo richibvisa carbon dioxide netsvina yemetabolism kuti ibudiswe. Pasina kupomba kwemoyo nguva dzose, nhengo dzinokosha dzakadai seuropi, itsvo, nechiropa hadzigone kushanda zvakanaka. Saka, mwoyo unopomba ropa sei chaizvo?
Maumbirwo emwoyo sepombi
Mwoyo une makamuri mana: atria mbiri nemaventricle maviri. Atria inogamuchira ropa richipinda mumoyo, ukuwo maventricle achipomba ropa kubva mumoyo. Makamuri mana aya ndeaya:
1. Right atrium: inogamuchira ropa "rakasviba" (rine oxygen shoma) kubva mumuviri wese.
2. Ventricle yekurudyi: inopomba ropa kuenda kumapapu kuti ritore okisijeni.
3. Kuruboshwe kweropa: rinowana ropa "rakachena" (rakapfuma muokisijeni) kubva mumapapu.
4. Ventricle yekuruboshwe: inopomba ropa rine oxygen yakawanda mumuviri wese.
Pakati pemakamuri aya pane mavharuvhu emwoyo, anoshanda semagonhi ane divi rimwe chete. Anoita kuti ropa rifambe zvakanaka uye haridzokeri shure. Mavharuvhu makuru anosanganisira vharuvhu yetricuspid (pakati peatrium yekurudyi neventricle yekurudyi), vharuvhu yemapapu (inoenda kutsinga dzemapapu), vharuvhu yemitral/bicuspid (pakati peatrium yekurudyi neventricle yekurudyi), uye vharuvhu yeaortic (inoenda kuaorta).
Kuwedzera kumakamuri nemavharuvhu, moyo une tsandanyama dzemwoyo dzakasimba uye dzinopfava (myocardium). Tsandanyama iyi inogumira kuti ibudise kumanikidzwa, ichimanikidza ropa kubuda.
Nzira mbiri dzekutenderera kweropa: dzemapapu nedzemuviri
Mashandiro anoita moyo anogona kunzwisiswa semasekete maviri akabatana:
1. Kutenderera kweropa mumapapu (kuyerera kweropa kudiki)
Inotakura ropa kubva pamwoyo kuenda kumapapu yodzoka zvakare. Chinangwa chayo ndechekuchinjana kwegasi: kubvisa kabhoni dhayokisaidhi uye kutora okisijeni.
2. Kutenderera kweropa muropa (kutenderera kweropa muropa kukuru)
Inotakura ropa kubva pamoyo mumuviri wese yodzokera kumoyo. Chinangwa chayo ndechekuendesa okisijeni nezvinovaka muviri kumatishu uye yozotakura tsvina yemuviri.
Ventricular yekurudyi inonyanya kushanda mukutenderera kweropa mumapupa, nepo ventricle yekurudyi iri "pombi huru" yekutenderera kweropa mumuviri nekuti inofanira kuburitsa kumanikidzwa kukuru kuti ropa rifambiswe mumuviri wese. Ndokusaka madziro eventricle yekurudyi akakora kupfuura eventricle yekurudyi.
Kutenderera kwemwoyo: mutinhimira wekudzikama uye kuzorora
Pombi yemwoyo inoshanda kuburikidza nemaitiro anodzokororwa anonzi cardiac cycle, ine zvikamu zvikuru zviviri:
– Diastole: moyo unozorora uye makamuri awo anozadzwa neropa.
– Systole: moyo unogumira wopomba ropa.
Kurongeka kwacho kwakafanana neizvi:
1. Kuzadza Atrial
Ropa rinobva mumuviri rinopinda muatrium yekurudyi kuburikidza nevena cava, ukuwo ropa rinobva mumapapu richipinda muatrium yekurudyi kuburikidza netsinga dzemapapu. Munguva iyi, mavharuvhu ari pakati peatria nemaventricles anovhurika, zvichiita kuti ropa riyerere muventricles.
2. Kudzikira kweatrial (atrial systole)
Atria inobonderana zvishoma kuti "ipedze" ventricular filling. Izvi zvinoita kuti ventricles izare zvakanaka isati yabonderana zvakasimba.
3. Kudzikira kwemusana (ventricular systole)
Maventricle anotanga kugonya. Mavharuvhu etricuspid nemitral anovhara kudzivirira ropa kuti risadzokere muatria. Zvadaro, kana kumanikidzwa kuri mumaventricle kwakwira zvakakwana, mavharuvhu epulmonary neaortic anovhurika, achipomba ropa: ventricle yekurudyi ichipinda mutsinga yemapapu ichienda kumapapu, uye ventricle yekurudyi ichipinda muaorta ichienda kune mumwe muviri wese.
4. Kurerukirwa kwevemukati memoyo (ventricular diastole)
Mushure mekupomba, maventricle anozorora. Kumanikidzwa kunoderera, uye mavharuvhu eaortic nepulmonary anovhara kudzivirira kudzokera shure. Zvadaro mavharuvhu etricuspid nemitral anovhurwazve, zvichitanga kutenderera kunotevera.
Kurova kwemoyo kwatinonzwa kunokonzerwa nekuvhurwa nekuvharwa kwemavharuvhu uye kusimba kwetsandanyama yemwoyo. Ruzha rwe "lub-dub" runonzwikwa pa stethoscope runonyanya kusanganiswa nekuvharwa kwemavharuvhu: "lub" kana mavharuvhu emitral netricuspid avhara, uye "dub" kana mavharuvhu eaortic nepulmonary avhara.
Sisitimu yemagetsi yemwoyo: kudzora mutinhimira wekupomba
Kuti mwoyo uve nechokwadi chekuti kupomba kwacho kwakarongeka, une sisitimu yemagetsi yemukati. Sisitimu iyi inoratidza kana tsandanyama inofanira kudhonza.
– SA (sinoatrial node): inowanzonzi "natural pacemaker." Iri muatrium yekurudyi, SA node inogadzira kupinza kwemagetsi kunotanga kurova kwemoyo.
– AV (atrioventricular) node: inogamuchira impulses kubva kuatrium uye inopa kumbomira kwenguva pfupi kuitira kuti maventricle ave nenguva yekuzadza asati agundika.
– Bundle yeHis nePurkinje fibers: inotumira ma impulses kune tsandanyama dzese dze ventricular kuitira kuti marwadzo aitike zvakasimba uye panguva imwe chete.
Kana hurongwa hwemagetsi uhwu hukakanganiswa, rhythm yemoyo inogona kusashanda zvakanaka (arrhythmia). Mamwe maarrhythmia anogona kuderedza kushanda kweropa.
Kumanikidzwa kweropa uye basa retsinga dzeropa
Mwoyo ndiwo pombi huru, asi mitsipa yeropa inokoshawo mukuchengetedza kufamba kweropa. Kune mhando nhatu huru dzemitsipa:
1. Tsinga dzeropa: dzinotakura ropa kubva mumoyo, dzine madziro akakora uye anochinjika kuti dzikwanise kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya.
2. Tsinga: dzinotakura ropa kudzokera kumoyo, dzine mavharuvhu ekudzivirira ropa kuti risayerere richidzika nekuda kwesimba rinokwevera pasi.
3. Mapaipi: tsinga diki kwazvo apo oxygen, carbon dioxide, uye zvinovaka muviri zvinoitika.
Kumanikidzwa kweropa kunokonzerwa nesimba rekusunga kwemoyo, huwandu hweropa, uye kusimba kwetsinga dzeropa. Kana tsinga dzakatetepa kana kuti dzakaoma, mwoyo unofanirwa kushanda nesimba kuti ropa rirambe richiyerera zvakanaka.
Moyo unopomba ropa rakawanda sei?
Pakuzorora, moyo wemunhu mukuru unorova kanenge ka60-100 paminiti. Kurova kwega kwega kunopomba ropa rinonzi stroke volume. Kuwanda kwekurova kwemoyo nestroke volume kunoita kuti mwoyo ubude, huwandu hweropa rinopombwa paminiti.
Panguva yekurovedza muviri, muviri unoda okisijeni yakawanda. Mwoyo unopindura nekuwedzera kurova kwemoyo uye kurova kwemoyo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kubuda kwemoyo kunowedzera zvakanyanya kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa nenyama dzinoshanda.
Sei kupomba kwemoyo kuchigona kupera simba?
Kune zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kukanganisa kugona kwemoyo kupomba ropa zvakanaka, semuenzaniso:
– Chirwere chemwoyo: tsinga dzeropa dzemwoyo dzinotetepa zvekuti tsandanyama dzemwoyo dzinoshaya okisijeni.
– Kukundikana kwemoyo: moyo hauna simba rakakwana rekupomba zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemuviri.
– Kusashanda zvakanaka kwemavharuvhu: mavharuvhu anobuda kana kuti akatetepa zvekuti kufamba kweropa hakuna kunaka.
– Hypertension: BP yakakwira inoita kuti moyo ushande nesimba kwenguva refu.
Zviratidzo zvekuchenjerera zvinosanganisira kushaya mweya, kuneta, kuzvimba makumbo, kurwadziwa muchipfuva, kana kurova kwemoyo kusina kurongeka. Kana zviratidzo zvikaonekwa, kutarisirwa kwachiremba kunokurudzirwa zvikuru.
Chengetedza moyo wako uine hutano kuti ukwanise kupomba zvakanaka
Kuti mwoyo urambe uchipomba ropa zvinobudirira, tsika dzakanaka dzekurarama nadzo dzakakosha. Matanho anobatsira anosanganisira:
- Idya chikafu chakakwana, deredza mafuta e trans, shuga yakawandisa, uye munyu.
- Kurovedza muviri nguva dzose zvichienderana nekugona kwako (semuenzaniso kufamba nekukurumidza, kuchovha bhasikoro, kushambira).
- Rara zvakakwana uye dzora kushushikana.
– Usasvuta fodya uye deredza doro.
- Ongorora BP, shuga yeropa uye cholesterol nguva nenguva.
Penutup
Mwoyo unopomba ropa kuburikidza nekushanda kwakarongeka kwemakamuri awo, mavharuvhu enzira imwe chete, tsandanyama dzemwoyo dzakasimba, uye sisitimu yemagetsi inodzora rhythm. Kutenderera kweropa kaviri—kwemapapu uye kwehurongwa hwemuviri—kunoita kuti ropa rirambe richiwana okisijeni kubva mumapapu uye richipararira mumuviri wese. Nekunzwisisa mashandiro anoita moyo, tinogona kuziva zvakanyanya kukosha kwekuchengetedza hutano hwemwoyo, sezvo moyo une hutano unoreva kugoverwa kweokisijeni nezvinovaka muviri nguva dzose kumasero ese mumuviri.
