Tsananguro yeMutemo waFaraday weElectromagnetism
Michael Faraday aive mumwe wevasayendisiti vane simba guru munhoroondo yesainzi. Kuburikidza nekuyedza kwakawanda kwekugadzira uye kufarira kusingaperi, akawana pfungwa dzakazova hwaro hwemagetsi emazuva ano. Chimwe chezvipo zvake zvikuru chaive Mutemo waFaraday weElectromagnetic Induction, wakatanga kutsanangurwa muna 1831. Mutemo uyu unotsanangura kuti simba remagineti rinoshanduka rinogona sei kugadzira magetsi muconductor, musimboti uri hwaro hwehunyanzvi hwakawanda hwemagetsi hwatinoshandisa nhasi.
Nheyo dzekutanga dzeMutemo waFaraday
Mutemo waFaraday unoti "simba remagetsi (emf) rinokonzerwa necircuit yakavharwa rinoenderana nehuwandu hwekuchinja kwemagnetic flux kuburikidza necircuit." Muchimiro chemasvomhu, mutemo waFaraday unogona kunyorwa seizvi:
\[ \masvomhu{E} = -\frac{d\Phi_B}{dt} \]
Pano, \( \mathcal{E} \) (epsilon) isimba remagetsi rinokonzereswa (emf), uye \( \Phi_B \) (phi-B) isimba remagetsi rinokonzereswa. Chiratidzo chekusashanda zvakanaka mu equation iyi chinobva muMutemo waLenz, uyo unoti simba rinokonzereswa rinogara richiita zvinhu nenzira inopesana nekuchinja kwesimba remagetsi.
Kuyerera kwemagineti (\( \Phi_B \)) kunotsanangurwa se:
\[ \Phi_B = B \cdot A \cdot \cos(\theta) \]
apo \( B \) iri simba remagineti, \( A \) inzvimbo yepamusoro iyo simba remagineti rinopfuura nayo, uye \( \theta \) iri kona iri pakati pesimba remagineti nemutsetse wakatarisana nepamusoro payo.
Chiitiko cheKupinza Magineti
Kuti tinzwisise mashandiro anoita Mutemo waFaraday mukuita, tinogona kufungidzira zvimwe zviitiko zvechinyakare zvekuedza. Muenzaniso mumwe unosanganisira kushandisa solenoid, kana kuti coil yewaya. Patinobatanidza circuit yemagetsi kusolenoid, magetsi anoyerera nepawaya anoburitsa simba remagineti.
Zvino, fungidzira tine magineti yatinogona kufamba nayo ichipinda nekubuda mu solenoid. Magineti painofamba, simba remagineti riri mukati me solenoid rinochinjawo. Izvi zvinokonzera shanduko mu magnetic flux pamusoro pe coil yewaya, izvo zvinozokonzera magetsi mu coil. Uyu mufananidzo uri nyore wekuti Faraday's Law inoshanda sei.
Kushandiswa kweMutemo waFaraday muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva
transformer
Imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa muMutemo waFaraday ndeye transformer yemagetsi. Transformer mudziyo unoshandura voltage level yedunhu rimwe kuenda kune rimwe kuburikidza ne electromagnetic induction. Transformer ine ma coil maviri ewaya (ekutanga nesekondari) akatenderedza common iron core. Kana alternating current ichipfuura nepakati pe primary coil, magnetic field inogadzirwa neiyi current inoyererawo nepakati pe secondary coil. Iyi magnetic field inochinja inokonzera electric current mu secondary coil. Tichishandisa iyi nheyo, tinogona kuwedzera kana kuderedza voltage sezvinodiwa.
Jenareta yemagetsi
Majenareta emagetsi anoshandiswawo zvakananga neMutemo waFaraday. Mujenareta, simba remagetsi rinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi. Kana macoil ewaya kana magineti achifamba achienzaniswa, kushanduka kwemagineti mumakoil kunogadzira magetsi. Majenareta emagetsi chinhu chakakosha mumafekitori emagetsi, angave emagetsi emvura, ekupisa, enyukireya, kana mamwe mafekitori emagetsi.
Kupinza paInduction Cooktops
Mapoto ekubikisa anoshandisawo misimboti yeMutemo waFaraday. Mupoto yekubikisa, magetsi anochinja-chinja anoyerera nepakati pewaya iri pasi pepoto. Mapombi aya emagetsi anogadzira simba remagineti rinochinja. Kana pani yeferromagnetic yakaiswa pamusoro pepoto, simba remagineti rinochinja rinoita kuti magetsi emagetsi (anozivikanwa se eddy currents) ave pasi pepoto, izvo zvinozoburitsa kupisa nekuda kwekusasimba kwemagetsi kwezvinhu zviri mupoto.
Mutemo waLenz uye Kuchengetedza Simba
Tambotaura kare kuti chiratidzo chekuramba chiri muequation yaFaraday chinobva kuMutemo waLenz. Mutemo waLenz unoti magetsi anokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemagetsi anogara achigadzira simba remagineti rinopikisa shanduko yakakonzera. Uku kuratidzwa kwenheyo yekuchengetedza simba.
Kana tikasafunga nezveMutemo waLenz, tinogona kuguma tava nemagetsi anogadzirwa pasina chinhu, kutyorwa kwemutemo wekuchengetedza simba. Nekuona kuti shanduko yemagnetic flux inogadzira magetsi inogara ichishanda kurwisa shanduko yakakonzera, Mutemo waLenz unochengetedza simba rakaringana muhurongwa.
Semuenzaniso, patinosundira magineti mu solenoid, tinofanira kushandisa simba remakanika kuti tikunde simba remagineti rinogadzirwa ne induced current iri mu coil. Kuedza uku hakungorasikirwi chete; kunoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi mukati me system. Kusiyana neizvi, patinoburitsa magineti kubva mu solenoid, tinodawo simba remakanika kuti tikweve magineti pa induced magnetic field.
Kuedza Kwakakosha kwaFaraday
Zvizhinji zvezviedzo zvaFaraday zvaive zvakakosha mukuratidza mitemo iyi. Imwe yekuedza kwakadaro yaive dhisiki reFaraday, raive nedhisiki resimbi rinotenderera pakati pematanda emagineti akasimba. Mukuyedza uku, Faraday akaratidza zvakabudirira kuti kufamba pakati pemagineti neconductor kunokonzera magetsi, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yezviedzo zvakakosha mumagetsi.
Simba uye Zvazvinoreva
Kuwanikwa kwaFaraday kwekushandiswa kwemagetsi mumagetsi hakuna kungoisa hwaro hwekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yemagetsi chete, asiwo kwakagadzira nzira yekunzwisisa kwakawanda kwekudyidzana kuripo pakati pemagetsi nemagnetism. Tsvagiridzo yaFaraday yakapesvedzera James Clerk Maxwell, uyo akazogadzira maequation aMaxwell, achisanganisa magetsi, magnetism, nechiedza kuita seti huru yemaequation, inozivikanwa sedzidziso yeelectromagnetic.
Dzidziso iyi yakabatsirawo zvikuru pakukura kwetekinoroji yekutaurirana, kusanganisira kugadzirwa kweredhiyo naGuglielmo Marconi, uye pakupedzisira yakagonesa kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji dzemazuva ano dzisina waya dzakadai semafoni, Wi-Fi, uye GPS.
Mhedziso
Mutemo waFaraday weElectromagnetic Induction ndeimwe yenheyo dzakakosha dzefizikisi neinjiniya yemagetsi. Kubva pakufamba kuri nyore kwemagineti nemakoiri ewaya, kusvika pakushandiswa kwakaoma mumajenareta emagetsi nematransformer, musimboti uyu wakawanikwa naMichael Faraday muzana remakore rechi19 unoramba uchichinja hupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Kunzwisisa mutemo uyu hakungotibvumiri chete kunzwisisa kuti michina mingani yetekinoroji yemazuva ano inoshanda, asiwo kunotungamira kukunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemisimboti yehukuru hwepasi rose.
