Kuedza Kupindirana kweChiedza
Kupindirana kwechiedza chiitiko chepanyama chinosanganisira kuiswa kwemafungu maviri kana kupfuura echiedza, zvichikonzera mapatani echiedza nerima. Chiitiko ichi chinoita basa rakakosha mukunzwisisa kwedu hunhu hwemafungu echiedza uye chakapa hwaro hwemashandisirwo akawanda etekinoroji. Chimwe chezviedzo zvakakurumbira zvekuferefeta kupindirana kwechiedza kuyedza kwekaviri, kwakatanga kuitwa naThomas Young muna 1801. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora pfungwa huru yekupindirana kwechiedza, kukurukura kuyedza kwaYoung kwechinyakare, kutsanangura vhezheni yemazuva ano yekuyedza, uye kukurukura mashandisirwo uye zvinorehwa nechiitiko chekupindirana kwechiedza musainzi netekinoroji yemazuva ano.
Pfungwa Yekutanga Yekupindirana Kwechiedza
Kupindirana kwechiedza inzira inokonzereswa nekuiswa kwemafungu maviri kana anopfuura ari kuuya. Panyaya yechiedza, izvi zvinosanganisira mwenje miviri yechiedza inobatana, ichiumba nzira yechiedza nerima. Iyi nzira inobva mukuwedzera (kupindirana kwekuvaka) nekubvisa (kupindirana kwekuparadza) kwemafungu emvura.
– Kupindira Kunovaka: Kunoitika kana nhongonya yefungu rimwe ikasangana nenhongonya yefungu rimwe, kana kuti nhongonya yefungu rimwe ikasangana nenhongonya yefungu rimwe, zvekuti simba rechiedza rinowedzera uye rinoburitsa patani yakajeka.
– Kukanganisa Kunoparadza: Kunoitika kana nhongonya yefungu rimwe ikasangana nepaburi refungu rimwe, zvekuti dzinoparadzana dzoburitsa chimiro chakasviba.
Kuedza Kucheka Kaviri naThomas Young
Kuedza kwe "double-slit" ndeimwe yemifananidzo yekare ye "light interference". Thomas Young akaita chiitiko ichi kuratidza hunhu hwe "wave" hwechiedza.
Kugadzirira Kuedza
Mukuedza kwaYoung kwekutanga, chiedza (kazhinji rambi) chaitungamirirwa nepaburi rimwe chete rakamanikana kuti chive nechokwadi chekuti chiedza chaibuda chakabatana. Mushure mekupfuura nepaburi rekutanga, chiedza chaitungamirirwa nepaburi mbiri dzakamanikana dziri pedyo. Maburi maviri aya aizoshanda sematsime maviri echiedza akabatana, achiburitsa mafungu echikamu chimwe chete.
Kucherechedza
Kana chiedza chichibuda mumipata miviri ichisvika pachiratidziro, chinogadzira patani yekupindira ine mipendero yakasviba neyakajeka. Patani iyi inoratidza kupindira kwechiedza, zvichiratidza kuti chiedza chine hunhu hwemafungu.
Kuedza Kwemipata Miviri Mumamiriro Emazuva Ano
Nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, nzira dzakasiyana dzekuedza kwaYoung dzekubvisa zvidimbu zviviri dzakaitwa kuti tinzwisise kupindira kwechiedza uye hunhu hwemafungu echiedza. Imwe nzira yemazuva ano inosanganisira kushandisa laser senzira yechiedza.
– Kushandisa MaLaser: MaLaser anopa chiedza chakanyatsoenderana, achigadzira mapatani akajeka uye akajairika ekuvhiringidza kupfuura masource echiedza akajairwa. Iyi tekinoroji inobvumira kuyedza kwakanyatsojeka.
– Ma Photodetectors nema CCD: Ma photodetectors emazuva ano akadai se CCDs (zvishandiso zvinochajwa) nema photodetectors anobvumira kuyera kwakarurama kwehukuru nekupararira kwema patterns ekupindira. Izvi zvakakosha pakuongorora huwandu.
Zvishandiso zveKupindira kweChiedza
Chiitiko chekukanganiswa kwechiedza chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakasiyana-siyana yetekinoroji nesainzi.
– Interferometry: Matekiniki einterferometric anoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakuongorora nyeredzi kusvika pakuongorora mainjiniya ekunyatsoongorora. Interferometer chishandiso chinoshandisa kupindira kwechiedza kuyera daro, makona, uye shanduko diki munzvimbo kana chimiro chezvinhu nemazvo.
– Fiber Optics: Kupindira kwechiedza kunowanzo shandiswa mu fiber-optic communication technology. Mach-Zehnder interferometers, semuenzaniso, inoshandiswa kugadzirisa nekubvisa zviratidzo zve optical zvinotakura ruzivo muma network ekutaurirana.
– Holography: Holography inoshandisa kupindira kwechiedza kunyora nekuratidza mifananidzo yezvinhu zvine mativi matatu. Mahorogram anogadzirwa nekukamura danda relaser kuita maviri; danda rimwe rinopenya zvakananga paplate yeholographic, nepo rimwe danda richipenya pachinhu chacho uye ipapo plate yeholographic. Kupindirana pakati pematanda maviri aya kunogadzira patani inogona kugadzira mufananidzo we3D kana yakavhenekerwa nechiedza chakakodzera.
Zvinoreva Uzivi neSainzi
Kuedza kwekupindira, kunyanya kuedza kwe "double-slit", kwakabatsira zvikuru pakunzwisisa kwedu hunhu hwechiedza nezvidimbu. Kuedza uku kunoratidza huviri hwemafungu-zvidimbu zvechiedza, chinhu chakakosha mu quantum mechanics.
– Kuwirirana kweWave-Particle: Chiedza (nezvimwe zvikamu zvakaita semaerekitironi) zvinogona kuratidza hunhu hwemafungu nezvikamu zvichienderana nekuyedza. Mukuyedza kwedouble-slit, chiedza chinoratidza hunhu hwemafungu kuburikidza nemapatani ekupindira. Zvisinei, kana tarisa zvakananga nzvimbo yezvikamu zvakasiyana (senge maphoton kana maerekitironi), hunhu hwezvikamu hunoonekwa.
– Kududzirwa kweQuantum Mechanics: Kuedza kwekupindira kwechiedza kwakakonzera hurukuro yakawanda pamusoro pekududzirwa kwequantum mechanics. Pfungwa ye quantum superposition uye pfungwa yeHeisenberg yekusaziva zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha zvakasimbiswa kuburikidza nekucherechedza maitiro ekupindira pachiyero chidiki.
Mhedziso
Kuedza kwekupindira, nekuyedza kwaThomas Young kwe double-slit semuenzaniso wekare, kwakaratidza zvinobudirira hunhu hwechiedza. Kubva pakuedza uku kwakakosha kusvika kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana emazuva ano achishandisa matekinoroji epamusoro akadai se lasers ne CCD detectors, pfungwa yekupindira inoramba ichiita basa rakakosha mukufambira mberi kwesainzi netekinoroji. Mashandisirwo ayo anosanganisira nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira interferometry, fiber optic technology, uye holography. Uyezve, zvinorehwa nepfungwa nesainzi zvekuedza uku zvinoramba zvichikurukurwa maererano ne quantum mechanics uye hunhu hwechiedza nezvinhu. Nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwekupindira, tinogona kuramba tichigadzira matekinoroji matsva uye kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwedu kwepasi rose.
