Mashandisirwo eMafungu Enzwi muTekinoroji
Munyika ye tekinoroji yemazuva ano, mafungu eruzha ane mashandisirwo akakura uye akakosha. Mafungu eruzha, ayo ari kutenderera mumhepo kana zvimwe zvinhu, anogona kushandiswa kune zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakutaurirana kusvika pakurapa. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora mamwe mashandisirwo makuru emafungu eruzha mu tekinoroji, anosanganisira kutaurirana nefoni, sonar, ultrasound, nezvimwewo.
1. Kutaurirana nefoni
1.1 Kutaurirana Kwechinyakare
Kutaurirana nefoni muenzaniso wekare wekushandiswa kwemasaisai eruzha. Kutanga kwekutaurirana kwemazuva ano kwakatanga nefoni, yakagadzirwa naAlexander Graham Bell muna 1876. Iyi tekinoroji yakashandura masaisai eruzha aigadzirwa nenzwi remunhu kuita masaini emagetsi aigona kutumirwa newaya. Masaini aya paakasvika paanogamuchira, aidzoserwa kuita masaisai eruzha. Kunyangwe paine zvakawanda zvakavandudzwa, musimboti uyu uchiri kushanda kune akawanda masisitimu ekutaurirana nenzwi nhasi.
1.2 Kutaurirana Nenhare Dzisina Waya
Pamusoro pezvo, mafungu eruzha anoitawo basa mukutaurirana kwenhare dzisina waya, kunyangwe zvisina kunanga. Mafungu eredhiyo anoshandiswa muhunyanzvi hwenhare dzisina waya, senge nharembozha neWi-Fi, chikamu chemagetsi akawanda. Maitiro ekutaurirana anosanganisira kushandura mafungu eruzha kuita masaini emagetsi, kuatumira kuburikidza nemafungu eredhiyo, uye wozoashandura kubva kumagetsi kuenda kumasaini eruzha panogamuchira.
2. Sonar
2.1 Nheyo Dzekutanga dzeSonar
Sonar (Kufamba neKufamba kweRuzha) tekinoroji inoshandisa mafungu eruzha kuona nekuyera daro uye kuona kuvapo kwezvinhu zviri pasi pemvura. Mafungu eruzha anotumirwa kubva kunzvimbo uye, kana arova chinhu, anodzokera kusonar receiver. Nekuyera nguva inotora kuti mafungu eruzha adzoke, nzvimbo yechinhu inogona kuzivikanwa.
2.2 Zvikumbiro zveMasoja neVeruzhinji
Tekinoroji yeSonar inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvemauto nezvevanhuwo zvavo. Mumauto, sonar inoshandiswa kuona ngarava dzemugungwa dzevavengi uye migodhi iri pasi pemvura. Mukushandiswa kwevanhuwo zvavo, sonar inoshandiswawo mukubata hove nekutakura zvinhu kuti ione hove uye kudzivirira kubonderana nezvipingamupinyi zviri pasi pemvura. Uyezve, sonar inoita basa rakakosha mukutsvagisa kwesainzi, kunyanya mukutsvaga mugungwa rakadzika uye kudzidza nezvezvinhu zviri pasi pemvura.
3. Ultrasonic
3.1 Nheyo dzekutanga dzeUltrasonics
Ultrasonic inoreva mafungu eruzha ane mafrequency ari pamusoro penzvimbo yekunzwa kwevanhu (inopfuura 20 kHz). Tekinoroji yeUltrasonic inoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoda kunyatsojeka.
3.2 Zvekurapa
Imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa pakuongorora ultrasound ndeyekurapa. Ultrasonography inoshandisa mafungu e ultrasound kugadzira mifananidzo yenhengo dzemukati. Iyi tekinoroji haipindiri uye haishandisi mwaranzi senge X-rays, zvichiita kuti ive yakachengeteka kuvarwere. Ultrasonography inonyanya kubatsira pakuongororwa kwepamuviri, mwoyo, nedzimwe nhengo dzemukati.
3.3 Maindasitiri
Muindasitiri, mafungu e ultrasonic anoshandiswa pazvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Mukugadzira, ma ultrasonic anogona kushandiswa pakunamira nekunamira. Muzvikamu zvemotokari nendege, ma ultrasonic anoshandiswa pakuongorora zvinhu zvisina njodzi kuti aone zvikanganiso zviri muzvinhu pasina kuzvikuvadza. Ma ultrasonic anoshandiswawo mukubata mvura nemvura, senge mu ultrasonic cleansing systems dzinoshandisa mafungu e ultrasonic kuchenesa michina ye laboratory nezvikamu zveindasitiri.
4. Tekinoroji yeRuzha
4.1 Kurekodha Ruzha uye Kuburitsa Ruzha
Tekinoroji yeruzha inotenderera pamisimboti yekutanga yekubata, kugadzirisa, uye kuburitsa mafungu eruzha. Maikorofoni anobata mafungu eruzha oashandura kuita masaini emagetsi, ayo anozogadziriswa uye kuchengetwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzedhijitari neanalog. Kune rumwe rutivi, masipika anoshandura masaini emagetsi kuita mafungu eruzha.
4.2 Tekinoroji yeDigital Audio
Munguva yedhijitari, tekinoroji yekuteerera yafambira mberi nekukurumidza nekuunzwa kwemafomati emafaira ekuteerera akadai seMP3, AAC, uye FLAC. Macodecs aya anodzvanya data rekuteerera pasina kukanganisa kunaka kweruzha, zvichibvumira kuchengetedza nekuburitsa mashoko zvakanaka.
4.3 Kuziva Izwi reAI
Tekinoroji yekuziva kutaura, iyo inoshandura mazwi anotaurwa kuita zvinyorwa kana zviito, iri kuwanda muzvishandiso zvekubatsira zviri paindaneti zvakaita seAmazon Alexa, Google Assistant, uye Apple Siri. Tekinoroji iyi inoshandisa maalgorithms akaomarara uye kudzidza kwemuchina kuti inzwisise uye idudzire mafungu eruzha.
5. Kudzora Vanhu Vakawanda uye Kudzivirira
Tekinoroji inoshandisa ruzha yakapinzwawo mukutonga kwevanhu vazhinji nekudzivirira. Midziyo yeAcoustic Hailing (AHDs) inogadzira mafungu eruzha ane simba guru kuti inyevere kana kuvhiringa mapoka evanhu pasina kukonzera kukuvara kusingaperi. MaAHD anoshandiswa mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana, kubva pakushanda kwegungwa kusvika pakudzora mhirizhonga.
6. Kuchengetedzwa uye Kutarisa
6.1 Kuonekwa uye Alarm
Mafungu eruzha anoshandiswawo mukuona uye mukuchengetedza ruzha. Ma ultrasound detectors anogona kuona kuvapo kwemunhu mukamuri kana nzvimbo chaiyo zvichienderana nekuchinja kwaanoita mumafungu eruzha. Iyi tekinoroji inoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzekuchengetedza dzimba nemaindasitiri kuona kupinda kana kufamba kunofungidzirwa.
6.2 Kudzora Kupinda uye Kusimbisa
Pamusoro pezvo, tekinoroji inoshandisa izwi iri kushandiswa zvakanyanya muhurongwa hwekutonga kupinda uye kuvimbisa. Vashandisi vanogona kuvhura magonhi kana kupinda mune mamwe masisitimu vachishandisa izwi ravo, iro rinozivikanwa nesoftware yekuziva izwi. Iyi tekinoroji inopa imwe nhanho yekuchengetedzwa kupfuura nzira dzechinyakare dzakadai semakiyi chaiwo kana mapassword.
7. Mashandisirwo Munyika Yezvekufambisa
7.1 Sisitimu Yekufambisa
Mafungu eruzha anoshandiswawo mumasisitimu emazuva ano ekufambisa. Sonar haingoshandiswi pasi pemvura chete; tekinoroji yakafanana inoshandiswawo mumasisitimu eradar kuona nekuyera daro rezvinhu zviri mumhepo nepanyika. Mota dzinozvitonga, semuenzaniso, dzinoshandisa masensa e ultrasonic kuona zvipingamupinyi nedzimwe mota dziri pedyo.
7.2 Sisitimu Yekuchengetedza
Mumotokari dzemazuva ano, masensa e ultrasonic anoshandiswawo mumasisitimu ekupaka otomatiki kubatsira vatyairi pakupaka mota panguva imwe chete kana kupaka mota vachidzokera shure zvakachengeteka uye nemazvo. Mafungu aya eruzha anosvetuka kubva pazvipingamupinyi zvakatenderedza mota uye anopa ruzivo rwekure kune sisitimu yekudzora mota.
Penutup
Mafungu eruzha, chinhu chakakosha chemuviri, akaratidza kuti anoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana uye anoshanda muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvetekinoroji. Kubva pakutaurirana kusvika pakuongorora zvirwere, kubva pakuchengetedza kusvika pakufambisa, mashandisirwo emafungu eruzha ari kuramba achikura uye achive chikamu chakakosha chekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji yemazuva ano. Kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemafungu eruzha uye mashandisirwo awo zvinobudirira kucharamba kuchivhura mukana wezvinhu zvitsva zvinogona kushandura zvinhu zvakawanda zvehupenyu hwedu mune ramangwana.
