Ontology uye Metaphysics yeChokwadi
Ontology ne metaphysics mapazi maviri ane hukama hwakasimba muuzivi anoongorora chokwadi nekuvapo. Kunyange zvazvo kazhinji zvichipindirana, zvine chinangwa chakasiyana uye nzira dzakasiyana. Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura pfungwa huru dze ontology ne metaphysics uye kuti dzinobatsirana sei mukunzwisisa hunhu hwechokwadi.
Ontology: Kuongorora Kuvapo uye Kuvapo
Ontology inobva pamashoko echiGiriki ekuti "ontos," zvichireva "kuvapo" kana "kuvapo," uye "logos," zvichireva "sainzi" kana "ruzivo." Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ontology ibazi reuzivi rinodzidza kuvapo, zviripo, uye hukama huripo pakati pezvinhu zviripo. Kuedza kuongorora chimiro chechokwadi.
Zvikamu zveOntological
Chimwe chezvinangwa zvikuru zve ontology ndechekuona nekuronga mhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu zviripo. Izvi zvikamu zve ontology zvinogona kuva zvinhu zvepanyama zvakaita sematafura nezvigaro, zvinhu zvisingaonekwe senhamba nepfungwa, kana kunyange zvinhu zvemagariro evanhu zvakaita semasangano nemakondirakiti. Kurongwa uku kunotibatsira kunzwisisa kuti zvinhu izvi zviripo sei uye kuti zvine hukama sei nazvo muchokwadi chedu.
Matambudziko eOntological
Kune nyaya dzakawanda dze ontology dzave dzichikakavadzana pakati pevazivi. Imwe yenyaya idzi inyaya ye monism ne dualism. Monism inoti kune rudzi rumwe chete rwezvinhu zvinoumba chokwadi, chingava zvinhu kana zvinhu zvisingaonekwe. Dualism, kune rumwe rutivi, inoti kune mhando mbiri huru dzezvinhu: zvinhu nezvisingaonekwe.
Zvakakoshawo kugadzirisa nyaya yekuvapo kwezvinhu zvengano uye zvekufungidzira. Vanhu vari mumabhuku kana pfungwa dzakataurwa asi dzisina kumboonekwa vane hupenyu hwe ontological here? Mibvunzo iyi, kunyange ichiita seisingazivikanwe, ine zvazvinoreva zvikuru muminda yakaita setsika, runako, nesainzi.
Metaphysics: Kuongorora Hunhu neMitemo yeChokwadi
Metaphysics ibazi rakakura reuzivi kupfuura ontology uye rinofukidza misoro yakasiyana-siyana ine chekuita nechokwadi uye kuvapo. Izwi iri rinobva mubasa raAristotle, rakanyorwa mushure mebasa rake refizikisi, iro rakazozivikanwa se "ta meta ta physika" (zvinhu mushure mefizikisi).
Nheyo dzeMetaphysical
Metaphysics inosanganisira kudzidza misimboti yekutanga uye zvikonzero zvechokwadi. Mimwe misimboti mikuru inowanzo kurukurwa mumetaphysics inosanganisira musimboti wekuzivikanwa, musimboti wechikonzero, uye musimboti wekusapokana. Misimboti iyi inobatsira kugadzira hurongwa hwakakura hwekunzwisisa mashandiro anoita chokwadi uye kuti isu, sevanhu, tinochiona uye tinochinzwisisa sei.
Kuve Muchokwadi vs. Kusava Muchokwadi
Imwe yenharo huru mu metaphysics ndeye pakati pe realism ne anti-realism. Realism inotaura kuti kune nyika yekunze iripo isina maonero edu. Munyaya iyi, vanhu vanotenda kuti mitemo yechisikigo, zvinhu zvepanyama, uye zvinhu zvemasvomhu zvine hupenyu hwakajeka.
Kusiyana neizvi, anti-realism inoti chokwadi chinoenderana nepfungwa kana zvivakwa zvevanhu. Semuenzaniso, anti-realism angati masayendisiti haana kuwana mitemo yechisikigo, asi akaigadzira senzira yekunzwisisa nekuronga zviitiko zvedu.
Hukama huripo pakati peOntology neMetaphysics
Kunyangwe ontology nemetaphysics zvine chinangwa chakasiyana, zvinopindirana. Manzwisisiro atinoita mapoka e ontology achachinja maonero edu pamusoro pemisimboti yemetaphysical, uye zvinopesana.
Chidzidzo Chenyaya: Kuvapo Kwenhamba
Ngatifungei nezvedambudziko rekuvapo kwenhamba. Mukudzidza nezve ontology, tingabvunza kana nhamba dziri zvinhu zvakazvimiririra zviripo zvakafanana nezvinhu zvepanyama, kana kuti dziri kungoumbwa nepfungwa chete. Metaphysics ingasanganisira kuferefeta kwakawanda pamusoro pehunhu hwenhamba idzi, kuti dzakavapo sei, uye kuti kuvapo kwadzo kune mhedzisiro ipi papfungwa dzekufunga, ruzivo, nesainzi.
Kana tikatora maonero chaiwo enhamba, zvinoreva kuti dzine hupenyu hwakajeka, uye izvi zvichachinja manzwisisiro atinoita masvomhu nemashandisirwo adzo munyika chaiyo. Kusiyana neizvi, kana tikatora maonero ekuvaka, tinogona kufarira zvakanyanya maitiro epfungwa nemagariro evanhu anogadzira pfungwa dzemasvomhu.
Basa reOntology neMetaphysics muSainzi
Munyaya yesainzi, ontology nemetaphysics zvinoita basa rakakosha. Ontology inosangana nesainzi kuburikidza nekuferefeta mhando dzezvinhu zviripo munzvimbo yesainzi, zvakaita sezvikamu zvepasi peatomu kana zvipenyu. Metaphysics, kune rumwe rutivi, inoita basa rekunzwisisa misimboti mikuru iri pasi pedzidziso dzesainzi, dzakadai sepfungwa dzenzvimbo nenguva mufizikisi.
Fizikisi yedzidziso uye Metaphysics
Mufizikisi yedzidziso, metaphysics inosanganisira kuongorora pfungwa dzakadai senzvimbo-nguva, zvinhu, uye simba. Semuenzaniso, dzidziso yaAlbert Einstein yehukama ine zvazvinoreva zvakadzama pamusoro pehunhu hwenzvimbo nenguva sezvinhu zvisingaparadzanisiki uye zvinoshanduka, zvakasiyana nemaonero ekare eNewton.
Biology uye Ontology
Mubhayoloji, ontology inobatsira kupatsanura nekunzwisisa mhando dzakasiyana dzehupenyu. Semuenzaniso, pfungwa yemhando dzezvinhu mubhayoloji yekushanduka-shanduka muenzaniso wedambudziko re ontological rine zvarinoreva zvinoshanda uye zvedzidziso. Mubvunzo wekuti chii chinoita kuti boka rezvinhu zvipenyu rive rudzi rwakati unosanganisira nyaya dze ontological dzekuzivikanwa, shanduko, uye kuenderera mberi.
Mhedziso
Ontology nemetaphysics mapazi maviri euzivi anoongorora chokwadi kubva pamaonero akasiyana. Ontology inoedza kuisa muzvikamu zviripo uye kuti zvinhu izvi zvinobatana sei, nepo metaphysics ichitarisa pamisimboti yekutanga nezvikonzero zvinotsigira kuvapo kwedu uye ruzivo rwechokwadi.
Kunyangwe zvichiwanzoonekwa sedzidziso uye zvinhu zvisina musoro, mapazi maviri aya ane zvazvinoreva mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvidzidzo, kubva kufizikisi kusvika kubiology uye kunyangwe sainzi yemagariro evanhu. Nekunyatsoongorora pfungwa huru dze ontology ne metaphysics, tinogona kuwana kunzwisisa kwakapfuma uye kwakadzama kwenyika yakatipoteredza nenzvimbo yedu mairi.
