Nietzsche nedzidziso yekuda simba
Friedrich Nietzsche aive mumwe wevazivi vaikurudzira uye vaikakavadzana zvikuru muzana remakore rechi19. Maonero ake ehuzivi aipikisa zvikuru tsika dzekumadokero dzetsika, epistemological, uye metaphysical. Imwe yepfungwa huru dzinobuda mupfungwa dzake idzidziso ye "Will to Power" (der Wille zur Macht), iyo yakakanganisa zvikuru minda yakasiyana-siyana yepfungwa, kusanganisira uzivi, psychology, zvematongerwo enyika, uye hunyanzvi. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora dzidziso iyi zvakadzama, kuyedza kunzwisisa zvazvinoreva uye zvazvinoreva, uye kuti inobata sei nenyika yanhasi.
Nhoroondo yeUzivi
Panguva iyo Nietzsche akatanga kuva muzivi, Europe yakanga ichichinja zvikuru mafungiro netsika. Kugara kwemazuva ano kwakakonzera matambudziko makuru kumagariro evanhu nezvitendero zvechinyakare. Nietzsche akaona kuti tsika dzechiKristu, idzo dzaive hwaro hwemweya netsika dzeEurope kwemazana emakore, dzakanga dzava kutanga kuparara.
Semunhu aifunga zvinhu zvisina musoro, Nietzsche akaramba dzidziso dzose nengano huru dzaaitenda kuti dzaidzvinyirira rusununguko rwemunhu nepfungwa dzake dzekusika. Imwe yepfungwa dzake dzakakurumbira yaive pfungwa ye "Rufu rwaMwari" (Gott ist tot), chirevo chekuramba kurasikirwa netsika dzakakwana uye dzidziso dzetsika dziri muchiKristu.
Kuda Kusimba: Tsanangudzo uye Zvazvinoreva
Kuda Kusimba ndeimwe yepfungwa dzakakosha muuzivi hwaNietzsche uye inoreva simba guru, rinenge rekutanga, rinotungamira hupenyu hwese. Harisi kungoda simba mune zvematongerwo enyika kana zvemuviri; rinosanganisira kutsvaga kugona kwemunhu, kuwana simba rehupenyu, kugadzira, uye kuzvisimbisa.
Nietzsche akataura kuti zvinhu zvipenyu zvose, zvose zviri zviviri vanhu nezvisiri vanhu, zvinotungamirirwa zvikuru nepfungwa iyi. Charles Darwin paakatsanangura kushanduka-shanduka kwezvinhu kuburikidza nekusarudzwa kwechisikigo uye kupona kwevakasimba, Nietzsche akadzamisa pfungwa iyi nekutaura kuti hupenyu hunoedza kwete kungorarama chete asiwo kukura, kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva, uye kuwedzera kugona kwahwo.
Kutsoropodzwa kwetsika dzakajairika
Mukuongorora tsika dzechinyakare, Chido cheSimba chinotsiva tsika dzechinyakare dzinokurudzira kuenzana, hunyoro, uye kuzviisa pasi. Nietzsche anoona tsika dzechinyakare, kunyanya tsika dzechiKristu, senzira ye "tsika dzevaranda" (Sklavenmoral), iyo inodzvinyirira zvishuwo zvechisikigo zvevanhu uye simba vachifarira tsika dzinoisa pamberi hunyoro nekuteerera.
Sekureva kwaNietzsche, tsika idzi dzechinyakare dzinopesana neChido cheSimba nekuti dzinotadzisa vanhu kuwana kugona kwavo kwakazara uye hukuru. Nietzsche akabva arumbidza zvaakadana kuti "tsika huru" (Herrenmoral), iyo inonyanya kukoshesa ushingi, kudada, kugona kugadzira, uye chido chakasimba chekuzvisimbisa.
Ubermensch (Murume Wekumusoro)
Izwi rekuti Ubermensch, rinowanzo shandurwa se "Overman" kana "Superman," ipfungwa yeNietzschean yakabatana zvikuru neWill to Power. Ubermensch rudzi rwakakodzera rwemunhu akadarika tsika dzechinyakare uye anotungamirirwa zvizere neWill to Power. Mukuona kwaNietzsche, munhu uyu haana kusungwa netsika dzekunze asi anogadzira itsva zvichienderana nechido chake.
Ubermensch inomiririra rusununguko rwakakura uye zvinogona kuwanikwa kana Chido cheSimba chikazviratidza zvizere. Ndiyo mhando yepamusoro-soro yehupenyu hwevanhu, iyo inotsvaga kuputsa zvipingamupinyi, kuramba hurongwa hwakagadzwa, uye kuramba ichizvigadzira patsva.
Kushandiswa muPsychology
Sigmund Freud naCarl Jung, hofori mbiri mupfungwa, vakapesvedzerwa nepfungwa dzaNietzsche, kunyange zvazvo vaive nemaonero akasiyana pamusoro padzo. Freud aiona Chido cheSimba sechikamu chepfungwa yemunhu inosanganisirawo chido chepabonde (libido). Mudzidziso yaFreud, Chido cheSimba chinogona kubatanidzwa ne ego uye superego, izvo zvinoshanda kuti zvizvisimbise munzvimbo yakaoma yemagariro evanhu.
Jung, kune rumwe rutivi, akanyatso gamuchira pfungwa yeKuda Kusimba muhurongwa hwake hwepfungwa. Aiona Kuda Kusimba sechiratidzo chesimba guru rinosunda vanhu kuti vave vanhu vega uye vaenzaniswe pakati pemativi akasiyana-siyana ehunhu.
Zvinokonzera Zvematongerwo Enyika Nemagariro Evanhu
Chido cheKutonga chine zvazvinorevawo pakufunga kwezvematongerwo enyika nekwemagariro evanhu. Kunyange zvazvo Nietzsche pachake akanga asiri nyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika mupfungwa yakajairika, pfungwa dzake dzakashandiswa (uye kazhinji dzichishandiswa zvisirizvo) nemapoka akasiyana-siyana ezvematongerwo enyika nepfungwa.
Semuenzaniso, huFascism neNazi muzana remakore rechi20, zvaiwanzotaurwa kuti zvakafemerwa naNietzsche, kunyanya kubva mupfungwa dzeUbermensch neChido cheSimba. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti Nietzsche haana kutsigira kana kufanoona kushandiswa zvisirizvo kwemazano ake kuti abvumidze kutonga kwehudzvanyiriri nekudzvinyirirwa.
Kusiyana neizvi, bhuku raNietzsche rekuti "Will to Power" rinotaura nezvekuzvivandudza, kuzvimiririra, uye kugadzira tsika itsva pane kutonga kwechisimba kana kwezvematongerwo enyika. Zvingangoita kuti Nietzsche atsoropodze kushandiswa zvisirizvo kwemazano ake nezvinangwa zvinopesana nerusununguko rwemunhu nekugadzira zvinhu.
Kukosha Kwemazuva Ano
Munyika yanhasi, pfungwa yaNietzsche yeChido cheSimba ichiri kukosha mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana. Munyika iri kuramba ichitongwa netekinoroji nehupfumi hwepasi rose, mibvunzo pamusoro pechokwadi, rusununguko rwemunhu, uye chinangwa chehupenyu iri kuramba ichinetsa.
Munyaya yeunyanzvi netsika dzakakurumbira, Kuda Kwesimba kunogona kuonekwa mukuedza kwevanyori nguva dzose kusundira miganhu nekugadzira mabasa matsva anopikisa tsika dziripo dzemagariro evanhu nerunako. Munyika yebhizinesi nehunyanzvi hwetekinoroji, pfungwa iyi inoratidzwa mukukurudzira kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi uye kuramba kusamira zvakanaka.
Zvisinei, zvakakoshawo kurangarira kuti Kuda Kusimba, kana kusina kuenzana nemutoro wetsika, kunogona kutungamira kuhunhu hwakadzama uye kusawirirana kunoparadza. Nokudaro, kutarisisa migumisiro yerubatsiro rwevanhu nemagariro evanhu nekuda kwechido ichi kunofanira kugara kuchichengetwa.
Mhedziso
Friedrich Nietzsche, kuburikidza nedzidziso yake yeWill to Power, akapa maonero akadzama uye anowanzo kurudzira pamusoro pezvinonyanya kukonzera zviito zvevanhu nezvishuvo zvavo. Kunyangwe zvakabva mukutsoropodzwa kwetsika dzechinyakare, pfungwa iyi ine zvayakanakira zvakawanda muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira zvepfungwa, zvematongerwo enyika, hunyanzvi, netsika.
Kuda Kwesimba kunotikurudzira kuti tifungezve nezvezvinotikurudzira, kuti tinoumba sei tsika dzedu, uye kuti tingawana sei kugona kwedu kwepamusoro sevanhu. Kunyange zvazvo Nietzsche angave asina kupa mhinduro dzekupedzisira kana hurongwa hwakakwana hwetsika, huremu hwemibvunzo nepfungwa dzaakamutsa hunoramba huchikurudzira uye huchipikisa mafungiro edu, zvichimuita kuti ave akakosha makore anopfuura zana mushure mehupenyu hwake.
