Dzidziso yeDerrida neDeconstruction
Pengantar
Jacques Derrida mumwe wevazivi vane simba guru vezana remakore rechi20, anozivikanwa zvikuru nekuvandudza kwake dzidziso yekubvisa zvinhu. Kubvisa zvinhu hakungopi chete kuongorora maumbirwo emutauro, zvinyorwa, uye zvazvinoreva asiwo kunopa nzira itsva yekunzwisisa hukama huripo pakati pezvinyorwa, mamiriro ezvinhu, uye dudziro. Nekushandisa misimboti yekubvisa zvinhu, Derrida anopikisa fungidziro huru dzinogamuchirwa zvakanyanya muuzivi hwechinyakare nedzidziso yemabhuku. Chinyorwa chino chinangwa chekuongorora zvakadzama hupenyu hwaDerrida uye zvinorehwa uye mashandisirwo edzidziso yekubvisa zvinhu.
Nhoroondo yaJacques Derrida
Jacques Derrida akaberekwa musi wa15 Chikunguru, 1930, muEl Biar, Algeria, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva chikamu cheumambo hweFrance hwaitonga. Derrida akadzidza paÉcole Normale Supérieure (ENS) muParis, chikoro chedzidzo yepamusoro chakaburitsa vafungi vakawanda vekuFrance, uye akazowana dhigirii redhigirii ...
Kuparadza seNzira yeUzivi
Kubvisa zvinyorwa, mukunzwisisa kwaDerrida, haisi nzira ine mitemo nemaitirwo chaiwo. Asi, anotsanangura senzira yekuverenga inoratidza kusawirirana uye kusawirirana mukati mechinyorwa. Sekureva kwaDerrida, chinyorwa chega chega chinoedza kubatana uye kugadzikana, asi pakupedzisira chine zvinhu zvinoramba izvi.
Chinokosha pakuita kuti mashoko anyatsojeka aonekwe ndiko kuongorora magwaro kuti kuonekwe kuti zvinoreva zvakajeka zvinogona kukanganiswa sei nechimiro chemutauro. Derrida anoramba pfungwa yekuti mutauro inzira isina kwayakarerekera yekutaura chokwadi kana kuti zvinhu zviripo kare. Asi, anotaura kuti mutauro ipfungwa inoshanduka, inogara ichiumbwa uye ichibviswa.
Logocentrism uye Musiyano
Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvaDerrida nderekutsoropodza logocentrism, kutenda kuti pfungwa, kufunga, kana malogo ndiwo hwaro hwepamusoro hweruzivo rwese nechokwadi. Logocentrism inoisa pfungwa huru pa "kuvapo" uye inowanzoisa pasi kana kubvisa "kusavapo." Sekureva kwaDerrida, ichi chifungidziro nekuti mutauro unogara uchitaura nezvezviratidzo nezvirevo zvinoenderana muhukama hwakaoma.
Kuti atsanangure shanduko iyi, Derrida akatanga izwi rekuti "kusiyana," iro rinosanganisa mazwi maviri echiFrench ekuti "kusiyana" (zvakasiyana) uye "kunonoka" (kunonoka). Kusiyana ipfungwa huru yekubvisa pfungwa, zvichiratidza kuti zvinoreva zvinononoka nguva dzose uye hazvimbofi zvakazadzisa kumira kana kuvapo kwakazara. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvinoreva rugwaro zvinogara zvichichinja uye zvinopesvedzerwa nemamiriro matsva.
Kuparadza muCritical Praxis
Kuparadza magwaro kwave kuchishandiswa zvakanyanya muzvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira mabhuku, mutemo, mapurani, uye zvidzidzo zvetsika. Mudzidziso yemabhuku, vanobvisa magwaro vanotsvaga kufumura zvinopesana zviviri zviri mumagwaro, zvakaita sedema/chena, murume/mukadzi, kana tsika/zvisikwa, nechinangwa chekukanganisa maitiro aya echinyakare.
Semuenzaniso, mukuongorora mabhuku, kupatsanura zvinyorwa kunogona kushandiswa kuratidza kuti nyaya inoita seinopindirana uye yakasimba inogona kupatsanurwa sei kuita muunganidzwa wefungidziro dzinopesana. Nekuratidza kusawirirana uku, ongororo yekupatsanura zvinyorwa inoedza kusunungura rugwaro kubva pazvinoreva zvaimbogamuchirwa uye zvakaoma uye kuvhura nzira itsva dzekududzira.
Kutsoropodzwa uye Kukakavadzana
Pasinei nekupararira kwayo, dzidziso yaDerrida yekuparadza dzidziso yakagamuchirwawo nekushoropodzwa kwakasiyana-siyana. Vamwe vazivi nevatsoropodzi vakapomera kuputsa dzidziso vachiti inyaya yekusaziva kana kuti ine hukama hwakasimba iyo inokanganisa mukana wekutsanangura chokwadi kana hwaro hwakajeka hwetsika. Vatsoropodzi ava vanoti nekuramba kugadzikana kwezvinoreva, kuparadza dzidziso kunogona kutungamira mukusawirirana kwekududzira kunobvisa chero hwaro hwetsika kana hwepfungwa.
Zvisinei, vanotsigira kupatsanura, kusanganisira Derrida pachake, vanoti rudzi urwu rwekutsoropodza rwakavakirwa pakusanzwisisa zvinangwa nenzira dzekupatsanura. Sekureva kwavo, kupatsanura hakusi kuramba zvinoreva kana chokwadi asi kuedza kuwedzera nekuongorora miganhu yekuti tinonzwisisa sei uye tinovaka sei zvinoreva izvozvo.
Mupiro waDerrida kuMafungiro Emazuva Ano
Derrida akapa mipiro yakakosha muminda yakawanda, kwete chete uzivi nedzidziso dzemabhuku. Semuenzaniso, muuzivi hwezvematongerwo enyika, Derrida anobvunza hwaro hwepfungwa dzeruramisiro, kodzero, uye democracy. Mubhuku rake rinonzi "Specters of Marx" (1993), Derrida anotsoropodza hupfumi hwenyika uye anopa mikana mitsva yekufunga zvakanyanya nezveruramisiro munharaunda.
Mutsika, Derrida anovandudza pfungwa ye "mutoro usingaperi," iyo inosimbisa kukosha kwekuchengetedza kuvhurika kune vamwe uye kukunda maitiro ekusimbisa mukuita sarudzo dzetsika. Pfungwa iyi inoratidza kuedza kwaDerrida kusimbisa kukosha kwekukurukurirana, ruzhinji, uye kusiyana-siyana muzviito zvese zvetsika.
Penutup
Jacques Derrida nedzidziso yekubvisa zvinhu zvakavhura nzira itsva mumafungiro emazuva ano, zvichitibvumira kubvunza fungidziro huru uye kunyura zvakadzama mukunzwisisa kwedu nyika. Kunyange zvazvo ichiri nyaya inokakavadzana, mipiro yaDerrida pasina mubvunzo yakapfumisa hurukuro dzepfungwa uye yakapa maturusi anobatsira emhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvidzidzo. Kuburikidza nekubvisa zvinhu, tinokokwa kuti tione kuomarara uye kusanzwisisika kuri muchinyorwa chega chega uye chirevo, uye kuti tirambe tichitsvaga zvinoreva pakati pesimba iri risingaperi.
