Matekiniki ekuongorora nhamba muKutsvagisa kweMishonga
Tsvagiridzo yemishonga haingoshandisi chete pakuedza kwemurabhoritari kana miedzo yekiriniki asiwo inoda ongororo yakasimba yenhamba kuti idudzire data uye iwane mhedziso dzakakodzera. Kushandiswa kwenzira dzakakodzera dzekuongorora nhamba kunobvumira vaongorori kusimbisa fungidziro, kuona hukama huripo pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye kufanotaura mhedzisiro zvakanyatsonaka. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuongorora nhamba dzinoshandiswa mukutsvagisa mishonga uye kukosha kwadzo muchikamu chino.
Pendauluan
Munyaya yemishonga, ongororo yenhamba inoita basa rakakosha muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzirwa kwemishonga, kubva pakutsvagisa kwekutanga kusvika kumiedzo yekiriniki uye mushure mekushambadza. Matekiniki ekuongorora nhamba anobatsira kuona kuti mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa yakavimbika, inogona kudzokororwa, uye ine hunhu hwekunze (hunoshanda kune vanhu vakawanda). Dzimwe nzira dzinowanzo shandiswa dzekuverenga dzinosanganisira ongororo yekutsanangura, kuyedza fungidziro, kuwirirana, kudzoreredza, ongororo yekuchinja (ANOVA), uye matekiniki e multivariate.
Kuongorora Kunotsanangura
Matekiniki ekuongorora tsananguro ndiwo matanho ekutanga ekuongorora data anovavarira kutsanangura hunhu hwepakutanga hwedata rakawanikwa. Nzira iyi inosanganisira kushandiswa kwezviyero zvepakati zvakaita sepakati, pakati, uye modhi, pamwe nezviyero zvekupararira zvakaita se range, standard deviation, uye variance.
Mienzaniso yeMashandisirwo
Semuenzaniso, muchidzidzo chakaongorora kushanda kwemhando nhatu dzemishonga yekuderedza BP, vaongorori vanogona kushandisa nhamba dzinotsanangura kutsanangurwa kweBP kutsanangura BP isati yapiwa uye mushure mekushandiswa kwemishonga. Nekunzwisisa kugoverwa kwedata, vaongorori vanogona kuona matanho anotevera, akaomarara mukuongorora.
Kuedzwa kweFungidziro
Kuongororwa kwefungidziro kunovavarira kuyedza zvimwe zvinhu zvinofungidzirwa kana zvinotaurwa nezvehuwandu hwevanhu zvichibva paruzivo rwemuenzaniso. Mienzaniso inowanzo shandiswa mukutsvagisa mishonga ndeye t-test, chi-square test, uye ANOVA.
bvunzo ye t
Bvunzo reT rinoshandiswa kuenzanisa nzira dzemapoka maviri emuenzaniso akazvimiririra. Semuenzaniso, kuongorora kushanda kwemhando mbiri dzakasiyana dzekurapa chirwere cheshuga.
Bvunzo reChi-Square
Bvunzo ye chi-square inoshandiswa kuyedza hukama huripo pakati pezvinhu zviviri kana kupfuura zve categorical variables. Semuenzaniso, kuona kana paine hukama pakati pebonde nemhinduro yemushonga chaiwo.
ANOVA
Kuongororwa kwemusiyano (ANOVA) kunoshandiswa kuenzanisa nzira dzemapoka matatu kana anopfuura. Semuenzaniso, muchidzidzo chinoongorora mhedzisiro yemipimo mitatu yakasiyana yemushonga.
Kubatana uye Kudzokera shure
Correlation ne regression inzira dzekuongorora dzinoshandiswa kuongorora hukama huripo pakati pezvinhu zviviri kana kupfuura.
Kubatana
Correlation inoyera kuti mavariable maviri ane hukama hwakadii. Positive correlation inoratidza kuti sezvo variable imwe ichiwedzera, imwe variable inowedzerawo. Kusiyana neizvi, negative correlation inoratidza kuti sezvo variable imwe ichiwedzera, imwe variable inowedzerawo kudzikira.
Kudzoreredza
Kudzokera shure, kunyanya kudzoreredzwa kwemutsara, kunoshandiswa kufanotaura kukosha kwechimwe chinhu zvichienderana nekukosha kwechimwe. Semuenzaniso, kufanotaura huwandu hweshuga muropa zvichienderana nechiyero cheinsulin chinopihwa. Kudzokera shure kunobvumirawo vaongorori kudzora zvinokanganisa zvinhu, zvichiita kuti hukama huve hwakarurama.
Kuongorora kweMultivariate
Mukutsvaga mishonga, zvinowanzodiwa kuongorora zvinhu zvinopfuura zviviri panguva imwe chete. Kuongorora zvinhu zvakawanda kunobvumira vaongorori kunzwisisa hukama hwakaoma huripo pakati pezvinhu izvi.
Kuongorora Zvinhu
Kuongororwa kwezvinhu kunoshandiswa kuona zvinhu zviri pasi pehukama huripo pakati pezvinhu zviri mudata rakaoma. Semuenzaniso, kuona zvinhu zvinopesvedzera kutevedzera kurapwa kwemurwere.
Kuongorora Maboka
Kuongororwa kwemasumbu kunoshandiswa kuisa vanhu vari kutsvagurudza mumapoka akafanana zvichienderana nehunhu hwakati. Semuenzaniso, kuisa varwere mumapoka zvichienderana nemajini avo kuti vaone kuti vanopindura sei kurapwa kwacho.
Chikuru Chikamu Chekuongorora (PCA)
PCA inoshandiswa kuderedza divi redata rakaomarara nekurishandura kuita zvikamu zvishoma zvikuru zvinochengetedza ruzivo rwakawanda. Iyi nzira inowanzoshandiswa mukuongorora data guru mu pharmacogenomics.
Kushandisa Statistical Software
Munguva ino yedhijitari, kune maturusi akasiyana-siyana esoftware anowanikwa ekuongorora nhamba, akadai seSPSS, SAS, R, uye Python. Software iyi haingobatsiri chete pakuongorora data asiwo inopa mifananidzo inobatsira mukududzira mhedzisiro.
SPSS (Pakeji yeZviverengero zveSainzi Yezvemagariro evanhu)
SPSS inozivikanwa zvikuru pakati pevaongorori nekuda kwekushandiswa kwayo zviri nyore uye kugona kwayo kuongorora zvakawanda. Yakakodzera zvese kubva pakuongorora data rinotsanangurika kusvika pakuongorora kwakawanda.
SAS (Statistical Analysis System)
SAS isarudzo yakanaka yekuongorora data nekuti inopa huwandu hwakasiyana hwekuongorora nhamba uye kugona kwekutarisira data kwakaoma.
R
R chishandiso chesoftware chinochinjika zvikuru uye chinovhura-vhura chemhando ipi zvayo yekuongorora nhamba. Maraibhurari anowanikwa muR akasiyana-siyana uye anogara achichinja, zvichibvumira kuongororwa kwedata kwakaoma uye kwakagadzirwa.
Python
Python ine maraibhurari akadai seNumPy, SciPy, pandas, uye scikit-learn iri kufarirwawo zvakanyanya mukuongorora manhamba nekuda kwesimba rayo mukugadzira data uye kudzidza kwemuchina.
Kushanda uye Kuvimbika
Zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti matekiniki ekuongorora nhamba anoshandiswa anosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuvimbika uye kuvimbika. Kushanda kunoreva kururama kwemhedzisiro yakawanikwa, kureva kuti, kana chidzidzo ichi chichiyera zvachinotaura kuti chinoyera. Kuvimbika kunoreva kuenderana kwemhedzisiro, kureva kuti, kana chidzidzo ichi chikadzokororwa, mhedzisiro yakafanana yaizowanikwa.
Kufungisisa Maitiro
Mukutsvaga mishonga, kushandiswa kwenzira dzekuongorora nhamba kunofanirwa kuitwa nepfungwa dzetsika. Kushandisa data kana kushandisa nzira dzisina kukodzera dzekuongorora kuti uwane mhedzisiro inodiwa hazvina hunhu uye zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro inouraya, kunyanya sezvo zvakawanikwa mukutsvaga mishonga zvichikanganisa hutano hwevanhu.
Mhedziso
Matekiniki ekuongorora nhamba ndiwo hwaro hwakakosha mukutsvagisa mishonga. Kubva pakutsvagisa kutsanangura, kuyedza fungidziro, kuwirirana, kudzoreredza, kusvika pakutsvagisa kwakawanda, nzira yega yega inoita basa rakakosha mukuona kuti data rakawanikwa radudzirwa nenzira inoshanda uye yakavimbika. Kushandiswa kwesoftware yemazuva ano yekuongorora nhamba kunoitawo kuti maitiro akaoma ekuongorora ave nyore. Zvisinei, vaongorori vanofanira kugara vachifunga nezvechokwadi, kuvimbika, uye hunhu padanho rega rega rekuongorora.
Nekunzwisisa nekushandisa nzira dzakakodzera dzekuongorora nhamba, vaongorori vanogona kuwana mhedziso dzakarurama uye kutsigira kukura kweruzivo rwesainzi mumunda wemishonga, izvo zvinozopedzisira zvabatsira mukuvandudza hutano hweveruzhinji.
