Mhedzisiro yepH pakugadzirwa kweDosage
Mumaindasitiri emishonga, ezvekushongedza, uye ezvehutano, kubudirira kwechigadzirwa hakungoonekwi chete nezvinhu zvinoshanda zvinoshandiswa, asiwo nemamiriro ekunze ari mukati memushonga wacho. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha ipH, chiyero cheacidity kana alkalinity yesystem. pH inogona kukanganisa kugadzikana kwezvinoshandiswa zvinoshanda, kushanda kwezvinochengetedza, kugadzikana kwekushandiswa, uye kunyange kuchengetedzeka kwechigadzirwa. Nokudaro, kunzwisisa mhedzisiro yepH pakuumbwa kwechigadzirwa ihwaro hwakakosha hwekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakachengeteka, zvakagadzikana, uye zvinoshanda.
Pfungwa huru yepH uye kukosha kwayo mukugadzirira
pH chikero che logarithmic chinoratidza huwandu hwehydrogen ions (H⁺) mumushonga. Chikero che pH chinowanzo bva pa 0–14: pH <7 ine acidic, pH = 7 haina neutral, uye pH > 7 ine basic. Mumamiriro emhando dzedosi, pH inopfuura nhamba chete; inomiririra mamiriro emakemikari anogona kukanganisa kunyungudika, ionization, reactivity, uye kugadzikana kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvefomula.
Rudzi rumwe nerumwe rwemushonga—semuenzaniso, sirapu, suspension, kirimu, gel, madonhwe emaziso, mushonga unobayiwa jekiseni, kana shampoo—rune pH yakasiyana. Rudzi urwu rwunosarudzwa zvichibva pane zvakati wandei: hunhu hwechinhu chinoshanda, hunhu hwezvinhu zvinosanganisa mushonga, mukana wekutsamwa kumatishu emuviri, uye kudiwa kwekugadzikana panguva yekuchengetwa.
pH uye Kugadzikana kweZvinhu Zvinoshanda
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha pakugadzirwa kwepH ndechekugadzikana kwemakemikari ezvinoshandiswa. Mishonga yakawanda kana zvinhu zvinoshanda zvekushongedza zvinogona kuora mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo epH. Semuenzaniso, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogadziriswa nemvura zviri nyore (zvichipwanyika nemvura) mumamiriro ezvinhu ane acid yakawanda kana alkaline yakawanda. Mamwe maitiro e oxidation, isomerization, uye bond-breaking reactions anogonawo kukurumidziswa kana kuderedzwa zvichienderana nepH.
Semuenzaniso, vhitamini C (ascorbic acid) inowanzova yakasimba kana paine acidity. Nokudaro, zvigadzirwa zvevhitamini C mu serum zvinowanzogadzirwa ne pH yakaderera kuti zvirambe zvichishanda uye kuderedza oxidation. Kusiyana neizvi, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kusagadzikana kana pH yakaderera uye zvinoda pH yakapoteredza kuti zvidzivise kuora.
Muindasitiri yemishonga, pH inokanganisawo kugadzikana kwemuviri, semuenzaniso mukumiswa kana emulsions. Kuchinja kwepH kunogona kuchinja simba repamusoro rezvikamu, zvichiita kuti zviungane pamwe chete (flocculation) kana kuoma (deflocculation), zvichizokanganisa homogeneity yemushonga uye dose yemurwere.
pH, Ionization, uye Solubility
pH inonyanya kusarudza mwero weionization yechinhu chinoshanda, kunyanya kune makemikari ari maasidhi asina simba kana mabhesi asina simba. Mwero uyu weionization unokanganisa kunyungudika mumvura. Makemikoro mazhinji anonyungudika zvakanyanya muchimiro chawo cheionic, saka pH inogona kugadziriswa kuti iwedzere kunyungudika uye kudzivirira kunaya kwemvura.
Pfungwa iyi inowanzo shandiswa mumishonga inonwiwa kana yekubaiwa jekiseni. Kana mushonga usinganyungudike zvakanaka, kugadzirisa pH kunogona kubatsira kuchengetedza kunyungudika. Zvisinei, kuchinja kwepH kuti iwedzere kunyungudika kunofanira kufunga nezvedzimwe njodzi dzakadai sekutsamwiswa, kusawirirana nezvinhu zvinosanganisa mushonga, kana kudzikira kwekugadzikana.
Uyezve, pH inokanganisawo kupenya kweropa kuburikidza ne membranes dzemuviri. Kazhinji, mafomu asiri e ionic anopinda mu membranes dzemafuta zviri nyore, nepo mafomu e ionic achiomerwa. Izvi zvakakosha mukugadzirwa kweganda ne transdermal, sezvo pH inogona kukanganisa kuti chinhu chinoshanda chinogona kupinda muganda zvakadii.
Mhedzisiro yepH paMagadzirirwo Ekuchengetedza uye Magadzirirwo Emishonga Inorwisa Utachiona
Mishonga inobva mumvura inogona kusvibiswa nehutachiona, zvichireva kuti inoda mishonga yekuchengetedza. Kushanda kwemishonga yekuchengetedza kunoenderana zvikuru ne pH. Mimwe mishonga yekuchengetedza inoshanda zvakanyanya pamazinga e pH ane acidic nekuti chimiro chayo chinopinda nyore nyore mumasero ehutachiona uye chinokanganisa metabolism.
Semuenzaniso, benzoic acid nesorbic acid zvinoshanda zvakanyanya kana pH yakaderera. Kana pH yakakwira zvakanyanya, mishonga iyi miviri inochengetedza inenge iri muchimiro cheionic yakawanda, nokudaro ichideredza kushanda kwayo kwemishonga inorwisa utachiona. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pH isina kukodzera inogona kukonzera mishonga inochengetedza kuti "isashande zvakanaka," zvichiwedzera njodzi yekukura kwehutachiona, kuora kwemhando, kunhuwa kusingafadzi, uye kunyange njodzi yehutachiona muvashandisi.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kushandiswa kwezvinodzivirira kunofanira kuramba kuchifunga nezvekuchengetedzwa uye kushatirwa kunogona kuitika. Kuwanda kwepH kwakanyanya kunogonawo kuwedzera kusashivirira kweganda kana mucous membrane.
pH uye Nyaradzo uye Kuchengetedzeka kwekushandisa
Zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa mumuviri zvinofanirwa kufunga nezve pH yenzvimbo yauri kuda kucheneswa. Ganda remunhu rinowanzova ne acid mantle ine pH inosvika 4,5–5,5. Zvigadzirwa zvepaganda zvakaita se sipo, makirimu, kana matoners ane pH yakawandisa zvinogona kukanganisa ganda, zvichikonzera kuoma, kutsamwa, kana kuwedzera mamwe mamiriro akadai sedermatitis nemapundu.
Pamishonga yemaziso (madonhwe emaziso), pH yakakodzera inowanzova pedyo nepH yemisodzi (inenge 7,0–7,4) kudzivirira kushatirwa. Zvisinei, pH dzimwe nguva inogadziriswa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chinhu chinoshanda chakasimba, uye yozotsigirwa nehurongwa hwekuchengetedza kuti ishandiswe zvakanaka. Pamishonga yekurapa (majekiseni), pH inofanirawo kudzorwa zvakasimba kudzivirira marwadzo panguva yekubaiwa jekiseni uye kudzivirira kukuvara kwenyama.
Saka, kuumbwa kwakanaka kunowanzova kubvumirana pakati pekugadzikana uye kushivirira. Zvigadzirwa zvinogona kugadzirwa ne pH chaiyo kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwechinhu chinoshanda, asi zvichiri kuitwa kuedza kuve nechokwadi chekuti chiri mukati mehuwandu hunogona kukuvadza mushandisi.
Basa reBuffers mukuchengetedza pH yakagadzikana
Masisitimu ekuchengetedza anoshandiswa kuchengetedza pH yemushonga kuitira kuti usachinje zviri nyore nekuda kwekusangana nemhepo, chiedza, tembiricha, kana kusvibiswa kudiki panguva yekushandisa. Kuchinja kwepH panguva yekuchengetera kunogona kukonzera kunaya kwemvura, kuchinja kwe viscosity, kuchinja kweruvara, uye kutodzikira kwemazinga echinhu chinoshanda.
Kusarudzwa kwebuffer kunofanirwa kufunga nezvekushanda pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoshanda uye zvinhu zvinobatsira. Buffer yakasimba zvakanyanya inogonawo kukonzera kusagadzikana kumatishu, akadai semaziso kana mhino. Saka, kungwarira kunofanira kupihwa kune rudzi uye kugona kwebuffer.
pH uye Kugadzikana kweEmulsions nemaGels
Muma emulsions (semuenzaniso, makirimu kana ma lotion), pH inogona kukanganisa kugadzikana kwe surfactant system inoshandiswa. Mamwe ma emulsifiers anoshanda zvakanaka pa pH chaiyo; shanduko mu pH inogona kukonzera kuti emulsion iparare (phase separation). Muma gels, pH inokanganisa kuumbwa kwe polymer network. Semuenzaniso, mamwe ma gelling agents, akadai se carbomer, anoda neutralization (semuenzaniso, ne base) kuti awane viscosity yakanyanya. Kana pH yakaderera zvakanyanya, gel inogona kuyerera zvakanyanya uye isingape kunzwa kwaunoda.
Uyezve, pH inokanganisawo ruvara nekunhuhwirira. Mamwe madhayi anonzwa pH uye anogona kuchinja ruvara kana pH ikachinja. Izvi zvinokanganisa maonero evatengi nezvemhando yechigadzirwa.
Kudzora pH muKugadzira
Mukuita, kudzora pH kunoitwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana: kuyera pH yezvinhu zvakagadziriswa, kugadzirisa pH panguva yekusanganisa, kuongorora pH yechigadzirwa chekupedzisira, uye kutarisa panguva yekuedza kugadzikana. Chiyero chepH chakayerwa zvakanaka chakakosha kuti pave nemhedzisiro chaiyo. Kugadzirisa pH kunowanzoitwa nekuwedzera acid (semuenzaniso, citric acid kana lactic acid) kana base (semuenzaniso, sodium hydroxide kana triethanolamine), sezvinodiwa.
Zvisinei, shanduko dzepH hadzifanirwe kuitwa zvisina tsarukano. Kugadzirisa nekukurumidza kana pasina kuyedzwa kwekuenderana kunogona kukonzera kusawirirana kusingadiwe, kushandura magadzirirwo, kana kuderedza kushanda kwezvinhu zvinoshanda. Saka, magadzirirwo emazuva ano anogara achitsigirwa nezvidzidzo zvekutanga kwekugadzirwa uye kuyedzwa kwekugadzikana kwakadzorwa.
Mhedziso
pH chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa zvinenge zvese zvinoumba chigadzirwa: kubva pakugadzikana uye kunyungudika kwechinhu chinoshanda, kushanda zvakanaka kwekuchengetedza, kugadzikana kwe emulsion kana gel, kusvika pakuchengetedzeka uye nyore kushandisa. Kugadziriswa kwepH kwakakodzera kunobva mukufunga kwesainzi kunosanganisira hunhu hwemakemikari echinhu chinoshanda, zvinhu zvinobatsira, kushandiswa kwacho, uye zvinodiwa zvemhando yezvigadzirwa.
Nekunzwisisa zvizere simba repH, vagadziri vemakemikoro vanogona kugadzira mishonga isingangobatsiri chete pakurapa kana kushanda, asiwo inogara kwenguva refu panguva yekuchengetwa uye yakachengeteka kune vashandisi. Pakupedzisira, kudzora pH hakusi kungori danho rehunyanzvi, asi inzira yakakosha inosarudza mhando uye kubudirira kwechigadzirwa pamusika.
