Zvimisikidzo zveMakemikari muMishonga yeMishonga: Ongororo Yakakwana
Mishonga yemiti yave ichishandiswa kwezviuru zvemakore munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzepasi rose senzira yechisikigo yekurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Kuumbwa kwemakemikari akawanda emiti yemishonga chinhu chakakosha mukushanda kwayo zvakanaka. Mishonga yemiti haingorapi chete asi inopawo dziviriro kubva kuzvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura nezvemakemikari akasiyana-siyana anowanikwa mumishonga yemiti uye kuti anobatsira sei pahutano hwevanhu.
Kunzwisisa Mishonga Yemiti
Mishonga yemiti inoshandiswa pakurapa. Inogona kuva mashizha, maruva, midzi, mhodzi, kana zvimwe zvikamu zvemiti zvine basa rehupenyu. Inogona kugadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai setii, makapisiri, zvinotorwa, uye mafuta ekuzora.
Zviri Mumakemikari Mumishonga Yemiti
Zvirimwa zvemishonga zvine makemikari akasiyana-siyana anozivikanwa se phytochemicals. Aya makemikari e phytochemicals ane mabasa akasiyana-siyana ehupenyu anobatsira hutano hwevanhu. Heano mamwe emhando huru dze phytochemicals mumishonga yemishonga:
1. Alkaloid
MaAlkaloids imakemikari enitrogen anowanikwa mumiti yakawanda yemishonga. Mamwe maalkaloids anozivikanwa ane hunhu hwekurapa anosanganisira:
– Morphine naCodeine: Zvinobva pamuti weopium poppy (Papaver somniferum) uye zvinoshandiswa semushonga une simba wekuderedza marwadzo.
– Quinine: Inotorwa kubva pamakwati emuti wecinchona (Cinchona spp.), inoshandiswa pakurapa malaria.
– Nikotini neCaffeine: Inowanikwa mufodya nekofi, zvichiteerana, uye inokanganisa tsinga dzemukati.
2. Flavonoid
Maflavonoid iboka guru remapolyphenols anowanikwa mumichero yakasiyana-siyana, miriwo, maruva, zviyo, uye makwati emiti. Ane simba rekuchengetedza maantioxidant uye anoshanda kudzivirira masero kubva mukukuvadzwa kwe oxidative. Mamwe mabhenefiti e flavonoids anosanganisira:
– Quercetin: Inowanikwa mumaapuro, hanyanisi, uye tii, inozivikanwa nekudzivirira kuzvimba uye antihistamine.
– MaCatechin: Anowanikwa akawanda mugreen tea, ane antioxidant properties uye anobatsira mukuderedza uremu.
3. Terpenoid
Terpenoids iboka remakemikari akasiyana-siyana anoshanda mukudzivirira zvirimwa. Ane hunhu hwekudzivirira kuzvimba, kuuraya utachiona, uye kurwisa kenza. Mamwe materpenoid anozivikanwa anosanganisira:
– Menthol: Inowanikwa kubva mumafuta epeppermint uye ine simba rekunyaradza uye kutonhora.
– Curcumin: Chinhu chinoshanda chiri mu turmeric (Curcuma longa), chinozivikanwa nekudzivirira kuzvimba uye kenza.
4. Alkaloid
MaAlkaloid, anoonekwa semakemikari eorganic ane maatomu enitrogen, anowanzo kuwanikwa mumishonga yemishonga. Anowanzova nemigumisiro yakasimba pamuviri wevanhu uye anoshandiswa mumishonga yemazuva ano. Mamwe maalkaloid anozivikanwa anosanganisira:
– Atropine: Inotorwa kubva mumuti weAtropa belladonna uye inoshandiswa semushonga wekuderedza kurwadza kwetsinga.
– Berberine: Inowanikwa mumiti yakasiyana-siyana yakaita segoldenseal nebarberry, inoshandiswa pakurwisa hutachiona.
5. Polyphenols
Mapolyphenols iboka guru remakemikari anowanikwa mukuunganidza, kunyanya muganda remichero nemiriwo, tii, waini tsvuku, uye zvimwe zviyo. Anozivikanwa nekuva nemasimba akasimba ekudzivirira hutachiona. Mamwe marudzi akakosha epolyphenols anosanganisira:
– Resveratrol: Inowanikwa muwaini tsvuku uye inobatsira kuchengetedza mwoyo.
– Gallic acid: Inowanikwa mumichero yakasiyana-siyana, nzungu, uye zviyo, inozivikanwa kuti inobatsira pakudya.
6. Saponin
MaSaponins ma glycoside compounds anowanikwa zvakanyanya mumiti yakaita sesoya, sipinachi, uye quinoa. MaSaponins anozivikanwa kuti ane simba rekuderedza cholesterol uye rekurwisa kenza. Anoshandawo se immunostimulants, achisimbisa masoja emuviri.
7. Tannin
Matannins imishonga yepolyphenolic inowanikwa mumichero yakawanda, tii, kofi, nenzungu dzakasiyana-siyana. Matannins ane hunhu hwekunyaradza hunobatsira kurapa manyoka nezvimwe zvirwere zvekugaya chikafu.
8. Mafuta Akakosha
Mafuta anokosha zvinhu zvinoputika zvinowanikwa mumiti yakasiyana-siyana. Ane hunhu hwekurwisa mabhakitiriya, fungus, uye anti-inflammatory. Mamwe mafuta anokosha anozivikanwa anosanganisira:
– Lavender: Inozivikanwa nekudzikamisa tsinga dzemuviri uye kubatsira pakurara.
– Oiri yemuti wetii: Inozivikanwa semushonga une simba wekuuraya utachiona.
Mabhenefiti uye Migumisiro Yechirwere
Kunyange hazvo mishonga yemiti ine mabhenefiti akawanda uye ichiwanzoshandiswa senzira yekurapa, zvakakosha kuziva migumisiro yayo inogona kuitika. Zvinoumba makemikari mumishonga yemiti zvinogona kushanda pamwe chete nemimwe mishonga uye kukonzera migumisiro. Semuenzaniso, kushandisa zvakanyanya miti ine maalkaloid ane simba senge atropine kunogona kukonzera chepfu.
Mhedziso
Mishonga yemishonga ine makemikari akasiyana-siyana ane hunhu hwakanaka hwekurapa. MaAlkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, polyphenols, saponins, tannins, uye mafuta anokosha ndiwo mamwe emapoka makuru emakemikoro anowanikwa mumiti yemishonga. Imwe neimwe yemakemikoro aya ine mashandiro ayo akasiyana uye mabhenefiti anotsigira hutano hwevanhu.
Zvisinei, semushonga upi zvawo, zvakakosha kushandisa mishonga yemiti nekuchenjera uye kuziva migumisiro inogona kuitika uye kusangana kwayo nemimwe mishonga. Saka, zvinokurudzirwa nguva dzose kubvunza nyanzvi yehutano usati watanga mushonga wemiti kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti wakachengeteka uye unoshanda.
Nekuenderera mberi nekutsvaga, zvinotarisirwa kuti kunzwisisa kwedu kwemakemikari ari mumishonga yemishonga kuchawedzera, zvichigadzira nzira yekuvandudzwa kwemishonga mitsva, inoshanda uye yakachengeteka inopa hutano kubva muzvisikwa zvechisikigo zvinogara kwenguva refu uye zvine hushamwari kune zvakatipoteredza.
