Zvinoreva Bhizinesi Guru: Kuongorora Kwakadzama
Mari yebhizinesi izwi rinowanzoonekwa muhurukuro pamusoro pemabhizinesi, mari, uye nzira dzekukura. Ipfungwa huru inotsigira kupona nekukura kwemabhizinesi, makuru nemadiki. Zvisinei, kuti munhu anyatsonzwisisa kukosha kwayo, anofanira kunyura zvakadzama mumativi akasiyana-siyana ayo uye kunzwisisa zvazvinoreva. Chinyorwa chino chine chinangwa chekutsanangura zvinoreva mari yebhizinesi, mhando dzayo, manyuko, uye kukosha kwayo mubhizinesi.
Kunzwisisa Bhizinesi Rakawanda
Pachinyanya kukosha, mari yebhizinesi inoreva midziyo yemari inoshandiswa nekambani kutsigira mashandiro ayo uye kukura. Izvi zvinosanganisira mari inowanikwa kuburikidza nemari inowanikwa kana chikwereti, uye inoiswa mukuchengetedza nekuwedzera mabasa ebhizinesi. Izwi rekuti "mari" rinogona kuchinjaniswa ne "mari," "zviwanikwa," kana "midziyo," asi pasinei nemazita, basa rakakosha rinoramba rakafanana: ndiwo musimboti webhizinesi chero ripi zvaro, zvichiita kuti rikwanise kupa zvinhu nemasevhisi uye kukwikwidzana zvinobudirira mumusika.
Mhando dzeBhizinesi Guru
Mari yebhizinesi inogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, imwe neimwe ichishandira zvinangwa zvakasiyana uye iine zvazvinoreva zvakasiyana pahutano hwemari yekambani uye maitiro ekushanda.
1. Mari yeEquity
Mari yemutengesi (equity capital) imari inoiswa mubhizinesi nevaridzi vayo kana vane masheya. Rudzi urwu rwemari rwakakosha sezvo rwunomiririra muridzi wekambani. Vane masheya vanopa mari yemutengesi kuti vawane masheya emuridzi, izvo zvinoratidza mugove wavo mupurofiti nekurasikirwa kwebhizinesi. Mari yemutengesi inogona kukamurwa kuita:
- Common Equity: Yakavakirwa pakuva nemasheya akafanana, zvichipa kodzero dzekuvhota uye migove.
- Mari Inodiwa: Zvichibva pakuva nemasheya anodiwa, kazhinji pasina kodzero dzekuvhota asi paine kukosha kwemasheya akafanana pakugoverwa kwemari kubva kune mumwe munhu uye kugoverwa kwemidziyo panguva yekutengeswa kwemari.
2. Mari Yechikwereti
Mari yechikwereti inosanganisira mari yakakweretwa iyo bhizinesi rinofanira kudzosa nekufamba kwenguva nemubereko. Rudzi urwu rwemari rwakakosha kumakambani anoda zviwanikwa nekukurumidza asi asingade kuderedza muridzi. Zvishandiso zvechikwereti zvinogona kubva pazvikwereti zvenguva pfupi kusvika kune mabhondi enguva refu. Mamwe masosi anowanzo sanganisira:
– Zvikwereti zveBhangi: Kupa mari inosvika ipapo ipapo asi zvinosanganisira nguva yekubhadhara chikwereti uye mubereko.
– Mabhondi emakambani: Kubvumira makambani kuunganidza mari yakawanda nekupa mabhondi kune vanoisa mari, kazhinji nekubhadhara mubereko wakagadzika.
- Mitsetse Yechikwereti: Inopa mukana wekusununguka apo mabhizinesi anogona kudhonza nekubhadhara sezvinodiwa, kazhinji zvakakodzera kuti awane mari kwenguva pfupi.
3. Mari Yekushanda
Mari inoshandiswa mubhizinesi mazuva ese. Inoverengwa semusiyano uripo pakati pezvinhu zviripo iye zvino nezvikwereti zviripo iye zvino uye inokosha pakuchengetedza mari uye kushanda zvakanaka. Zvikamu zvemari inoshandiswa zvinosanganisira:
- Mari Nemari Yakaenzana: Mari kana zvibatiso zvinogona kushandurwa nekukurumidza kuita mari.
– Maakaundi Anogona Kubhadharwa: Mari inokweretwa kambani nevatengi.
– Zvinhu zviri mudura: Zvinhu zvakagadzirira kutengeswa kana kushandiswa mukugadzirwa.
– Maakaundi Anobhadharwa: Zvisungo zvenguva pfupi kune vatengesi nevanokweretesa.
Manyuko eMari yeBhizinesi
Kuwana mari yakakwana yebhizinesi ibasa rakakosha kune vemabhizinesi nevatungamiriri vemabhizinesi. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinopa mari, imwe neimwe ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira:
1. Mari Yekuchengetedza Mari Yemunhu Nekudyara Mari
Varidzi vemabhizinesi vazhinji vanotanga mabhizinesi avo vachishandisa mari yavo yekuchengetedza kana kuisa mari. Iyi ndiyo nzira inonyanya kuwanikwa uye haisanganisiri zvisungo kana kuderedzwa kwemuridzi. Zvisinei, inokonzerawo njodzi huru yemari yemunhu.
2. Varidzi veNgirozi neVaridzi veMabhizinesi Ekutengeserana
Mabhizinesi anogona kukura zvakanyanya anowanzo kukwezva vanoisa mari vatumwa kana vanotanga mabhizinesi. Vanoisa mari ava vanopa mari vachichinjana nemasheya avo. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvichireva kuderedza kuva muridzi wekambani, zvinounzawo hunyanzvi hunokosha nemikana yekubatana nevamwe.
3. Zvikwereti zveBhangi neZvikwereti
Zvikwereti zvemabhangi zvechinyakare uye nzira dzechikwereti dzinoramba dziri manyuko emari yechikwereti. Sarudzo idzi dzinobatsira nekuda kwehurongwa hwadzo hwekubhadhara hwakarongeka uye mwero wemubereko wakaderera zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvishandiso zvechikwereti.
4. Mari dzeHurumende neRubatsiro
Zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvehurumende zvinopa rubatsiro nerubatsiro rwekutsigira mabhizinesi, kunyanya ayo ari muzvikamu zvekuvandudza, kutsvagisa, uye budiriro. Mari idzi hadzidi kubhadharwa, zvichiita kuti dzifadze zvikuru, kunyangwe kazhinji dzichiuya nezvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekutevedzera mitemo.
5. Kubatsira vanhu vakawanda
Mapuratifomu akaita seKickstarter neIndiegogo akachinja nzira dzekutsvaga mari, zvichibvumira mabhizinesi kuunganidza mipiro midiki kubva kuvanhu vakawanda. Crowdfunding inogona kusimbisa kudiwa kwemusika kwechigadzirwa uye zvakare kushanda sechishandiso chekushambadzira.
Kukosha Kwemari Yebhizinesi
Kukosha kwemari yebhizinesi hakugone kutaurwa zvakanyanya, sezvo kuchikosha kune zvimwe zvinhu zvinoumba kukura kwekambani uye kugara kwenguva refu:
1. Kuenderera mberi kwekushanda
Mari yakakwana inoita kuti bhizinesi rikwanise kuramba richishanda pasina kukanganiswa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kubhadhara mari yemuhoro, kutenga zvinhu zviri mubhizinesi, uye kugadzirisa zvikwereti zvenguva pfupi.
2. Kuwedzera uye Kukura
Mari inokosha pakutsigira mabasa ekuwedzera makambani, akadai sekupinda mumisika mitsva, kutanga zvigadzirwa zvitsva, kana kutenga mamwe mabhizinesi. Pasina mari yakakwana, mikana yekukura inogona kushaikwa.
3. Kugadzikana Kwemari
Kurongeka kwemari kwakasimba kunobatsira mukugadzirisa kugadzikana kwemari uye kuderedza njodzi. Semuenzaniso, mari yechikwereti inogona kukosha pakushandisa mabhenefiti emitero, nepo mari yemasheya ichigona kudzivirira kudzikira kwemari.
4. Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvitsva uye Kuvandudza
Kuisa mari mukutsvaga nekuvandudza (R&D) kwakakosha kuti pave nebudiriro yenguva refu uye makwikwi. Mari inobvumira makambani kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva, kuvandudza zvigadzirwa kana masevhisi avo, uye kuramba ari pamberi pemakwikwi.
Matambudziko uye Mafungiro
Kunyangwe zvakakosha, kutarisira mari yebhizinesi kunouya nematambudziko. Makambani anofanirwa kuyera pakati pemari yebhizinesi nechikwereti kuti awedzere mutengo wemari yavo. Kuvimba zvakanyanya nechikwereti kunogona kukonzera mitoro yakawanda yemubereko, nepo kuwedzera zvakanyanya mari yebhizinesi kunogona kuderedza kudzora kwevakatanga kambani.
Uyezve, kutarisira mari yekushanda zvinobudirira kunoda kunyatso tarisa kufamba kwemari, maakaundi anowanikwa, uye huwandu hwezvinhu zviri mudura. Makambani anofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti ane nzira dzakavimbika dzekuunganidza zvinhu zviri mudura nekukurumidza, kugadzirisa kuchinja kwezvinhu zviri mudura, uye kuronga nguva yekubhadhara mari.
mhedziso
Mari yebhizinesi ndiyo musimboti webhizinesi chero ripi zvaro, chinhu chakakosha pakugara zvakanaka uye kukura kwaro. Kunzwisisa mhando dzaro, manyuko aro, uye kukosha kwaro kunoita kuti varidzi vemabhizinesi nevatungamiriri vemabhizinesi vakwanise kuita sarudzo dzakagadzirwa neruzivo dzinokurudzira kukura, hunyanzvi, uye kugadzikana kwemari. Nekutarisira mari yavo zvakanaka, mabhizinesi haangogone kungofamba nematambudziko ekutarisira mari chete asiwo anovhura nzira yekubudirira kwenguva refu uye kukwikwidzana mumusika wepasi rose.
