Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso weResonance
Kurira kwezwi (resonance) chiitiko chinoitika kana sisitimu ikamanikidzwa kudedera pafrequency iri pedyo kana kuti yakaenzana nefrequency yayo yechisikigo. Kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwekurira kwezwi kunodiwa kuti unzwisise zvizere kuti chiitiko ichi chinoitika sei uye nei. Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kurira kwezwi kunowanzoonekwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita semimhanzi, mainjiniya, uye fizikisi. Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura kurira kwezwi uye kupa mienzaniso yakati wandei kutibatsira kunzwisisa pfungwa yacho.
Chii chinonzi Resonance?
Kurira kwezwi (Resonance) chiitiko chinoitika kana chinhu kana sisitimu ikadedera zvakanyanya nekuda kwekugamuchira kudzungudza kubva kune imwe nzvimbo ine frequency yakafanana kana kuti inenge yakafanana nefrequency yechisikigo. Kurira kwezwi (natural frequency) ndiko frequency iyo sisitimu inowanzodedera kana pasina kuvhiringidza kwekunze.
Mienzaniso yeResonance muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva
1. Kurira kwezviridzwa zvemimhanzi: Kana tambo yegitare ikadzungunutswa, inodedera nefrequency chaiyo, zvichigadzira ruzha. Kana forogo yekutuning ine frequency imwechete ikaswededzwa pedyo, forogo yekutuning inotanga kudedera uye kuburitsa ruzha pasina kubatwa.
2. Kurira kwesimba muMabhiriji: Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kurira kwesimba kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa. Muenzaniso mumwe chete ndewekudonha kwakaipisisa kweTacoma Narrows Bridge muna 1940. Mhepo inovhuvhuta yakagadzira kutenderera kwakafanana nekufamba kwesimba kwebhiriji, zvichiita kuti bhiriji ritenderere kusvika radonha.
3. Kurira kwegirazi rewaini: Kutenderedza munwe wakanyorova kutenderedza girazi rewaini kunogona kukonzera kuti girazi ridedere pahuwandu hwaro hwechisikigo uye kuburitsa ruzha. Kana ruzha rwunobva rwaenderana nehuwandu hwegirazi, huwandu hwekudengenyeka huchawedzera.
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso weResonance
Zvino zvatava kunzwisisa hwaro hwe resonance, ngatitarisei mimwe mienzaniso yezvinetso kuti tishandise pfungwa iyi.
Mubvunzo 1: Kurira kwezwi muSisitimu yeSpring-Mass
Huremu hwe2 kg hunorembera kubva kumagumo echitubu nechimiro chechitubu che \(k = 50 \, \text{N/m}\). Verengai frequency yechisikigo yesystem iyi.
Mhinduro:
Kuwanda kwechisikigo kwesystem ye spring-mass kunogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa fomula inotevera:
\[ f_0 = \frac{1}{2\pi} \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}} \]
Dimana:
– \( f_0 \) ndiyo frequency yechisikigo.
– \( k \) ndicho chinhu chinoramba chiripo muchitubu.
– \( m \) ndiyo huremu.
Nekuisa tsika dzinozivikanwa:
\[ f_0 = \frac{1}{2\pi} \sqrt{\frac{50}{2}} \]
\[ f_0 = \frac{1}{2\pi} \sqrt{25} \]
\[ f_0 = \frac{1}{2\pi} \kawa 5 \]
\[ f_0 \approx \frac{5}{6.28} \approx 0.795 \, \text{Hz} \]
Mubvunzo 2: Kuenderana kweMagetsi
Muchikamu cheRLC chine resistance \( R = 5 \, \Omega \), inductance \( L = 2 \, \text{H}\), uye capacitance \( C = 50 \, \text{µF}\), verengai resonant frequency yesystem.
Mhinduro:
Kuwanda kwe resonant muRLC circuit kunopiwa ne:
\[ f_0 = \frac{1}{2\pi} \sqrt{\frac{1}{LC}} \]
Nekuisa tsika dzinozivikanwa:
\[ f_0 = \frac{1}{2\pi} \sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \times 50 \times 10^{-6}}} \]
\[ f_0 = \frac{1}{2\pi} \sqrt{\frac{1}{0.0001}} \]
\[ f_0 = \frac{1}{2\pi} \kawa 100 \]
\[ f_0 \approx \frac{100}{6.28} \approx 15.92 \, \text{Hz} \]
Mubvunzo 3: Kurira kwezviridzwa zvemimhanzi
Tambo ine urefu hwemamita 0,5 uye huremu hwemakirogiramu 0,01. Kusimba kwetambo i100 N. Verenga frequency yechisikigo yetambo mu fundamental mode (n=1).
Mhinduro:
Kuwanda kwechisikigo (kwekutanga) kwetambo kunopiwa nefomura:
\[ f_0 = \frac{1}{2L} \times \sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu}} \]
Dimana:
– \( L \) kureba kwetambo.
– \( T \) ndiyo voltage.
– \( \mu \) ihuremu hwehuremu pahuniti (huremu/ (huremu hwetambo)).
Kutanga, verenga huremu pahurefu hweyuniti:
\[ \mu = \frac{0.01}{0.5} = 0.02 \, \text{kg/m} \]
Wobva wabatanidza mavalues mufomura yefrequency:
\[ f_0 = \frac{1}{2 \times 0.5} \times \sqrt{\frac{100}{0.02}} \]
\[ f_0 = 1 \nguva \sqrt{5000} \]
\[ f_0 = \sqrt{5000} \]
\[ f_0 = 70.71 \, \mashoko{Hz} \]
Mhedziso
Kunzwisisa resonance kwakakosha muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakaita sefizikisi, mimhanzi, uye mainjiniya. Nekunzwisisa pfungwa huru ye resonance, tinogona kuishandisa kune zvinangwa zvakanaka, zvakaita sekuvandudza mhando yeruzha rwezviridzwa zvemimhanzi kana kudzivirira kukuvara, senge kunokonzerwa nemabhiriji nekuda kwe resonance inoparadza.
Pakugadzirisa matambudziko e resonance, zvakakosha kuziva zvese zvine chekuita nesystem iri kuongororwa. Nekunzwisisa ma frequency echisikigo uye mashandiro anoita resonance, tinogona kufanotaura zvakarurama, zvese nekuda kwezvinangwa zvinoshanda uye mukutsvagisa kwesainzi. Resonance haisi pfungwa yedzidziso chete asi chiitiko chaicho chinokanganisa zvinhu zvakawanda zvehupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva.
