Mibvunzo yeMienzaniso neKukurukurirana kweZviyero zvekugovera
Kuyera kwekupararira ipfungwa dzehuwandu hunoshandiswa kutsanangura kuti kupararira kana kuchinja sei data riri mudata rakarongwa. Chiyero chekupararira chinopa kutarisa kwakadzama kwekugoverwa kwedata, zvichiratidza ruzivo rusingaonekwe kubva papakati nepakati. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura mienzaniso yakati wandei yezvinetso zvine chekuita nekuyera kwekupararira uye hurukuro yavo kuti vatsanangure pfungwa iyi. Kune zviyero zvakasiyana-siyana zvekupararira, zvinosanganisira range, standard deviation, variance, uye interquartile range (IQR).
1. Nzvimbo
Zvirokwazvo
Range ndiyo musiyano uripo pakati pezvakakosha zvepamusoro nezviri pasi peseti yedata.
Muenzaniso wezvinetso
Chikwata chenhabvu chinonyora huwandu hwezvibodzwa zvavakawana mumitambo yavo gumi yapfuura seizvi:
3, 5, 2, 8, 7, 2, 6, 9, 4, uye 1.
Kukurukurirana
Kuti tiverenge huwandu hwedata, tinofanira kuwana huwandu hwepamusoro uye hushoma hwedata.
– Chibodzwa chikuru: 9
– Kukosha kushoma: 1
Range = Kukosha kukuru – Kukosha kushoma = 9 – 1 = 8
Saka, huwandu hwezvibodzwa zvakawanikwa mumitambo gumi yapfuura i8.
2. Kutsauka Kwakajairika
Zvirokwazvo
Kutsauka kwakajairika inzira yekuyera kuti kukosha kwega kwega mudhatabhesi kuri kure zvakadii neavhareji yaro. Kutsauka kwakajairika ndiyo square root yekuchinjana.
Muenzaniso wezvinetso
Heano mamakisi ebvunzo yemasvomhu ekirasi: 65, 70, 75, 80, uye 85.
Kukurukurirana
Danho rekutanga nderekuverenga avhareji yemapoinzi.
\[
\text{Avhareji} = \frac{65 + 70 + 75 + 80 + 85}{5} = 75
\]
Danho rechipiri nderekuverenga mutsauko uripo pakati pemutengo wega wega neavhareji, wobva waisa mhedzisiro yacho pachiyero chimwe nechimwe:
– (65 – 75)² = 100
– (70 – 75)² = 25
– (75 – 75)² = 0
– (80 – 75)² = 25
– (85 – 75)² = 100
Danho rechitatu nderekuwana musiyano nekuverenga avhareji yemakwere emusiyano:
\[
\text{Variance} = \frac{100 + 25 + 0 + 25 + 100}{5} = 50
\]
Kutsauka kwakajairika ndiko mudzi wechikwere wemusiyano:
\[
\text{Standard deviation} = \sqrt{50} \inenge 7.07
\]
Saka kutsauka kwakajairwa kwemapoinzi ebvunzo kunenge 7.07.
3. Kusiyana
Zvirokwazvo
Kusiyana kwenhamba (variance) iavhareji yemusiyano wemativi mana (squared differences) pakati pehuwandu hwega hwega neavhareji yahwo; inotsanangura kuti data rakapararira sei rakatenderedza avhareji. Kusiyana kwenhamba (variance) iavhareji yechiyero chekutsauka kwakajairwa.
Muenzaniso wezvinetso
Ngatitii tine data rinotevera: 10, 20, 30, 40, uye 50.
Kukurukurirana
Danho rekutanga nderekuverenga avhareji yedata.
\[
\text{Avhareji} = \frac{10 + 20 + 30 + 40 + 50}{5} = 30
\]
Danho rechipiri nderekuverenga mutsauko uripo pakati pemutengo wega wega neavhareji, wobva waisa mhedzisiro yacho pachiyero chimwe nechimwe:
– (10 – 30)² = 400
– (20 – 30)² = 100
– (30 – 30)² = 0
– (40 – 30)² = 100
– (50 – 30)² = 400
Danho rechitatu nderekuwana musiyano nekuverenga avhareji yemakwere emusiyano:
\[
\text{Variance} = \frac{400 + 100 + 0 + 100 + 400}{5} = 200
\]
Saka, musiyano wedataseti i200.
4. Interquartile Range (IQR)
Zvirokwazvo
Interquartile range (IQR) ndiyo musiyano uripo pakati pe third quartile (Q3) ne first quartile (Q1). IQR inopa chiyero chekupararira kubva pakati pe50% yedata riri mudata, izvo zvinogona kuva neruzivo rwakawanda kupfuura ratio.
Muenzaniso wezvinetso
Seti yedata inotevera ine kukosha: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, uye 14.
Kukurukurirana
Kutanga, tinofanira kuronga data:
1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14
Kuti tiverenge Q1 neQ3, tinofanira kupatsanura data iri muzvikamu zvina.
– Pakati (Q2) iri pakati pe6 ne7: \((6+7)/2 = 6.5\)
PaQ1, tinotora muyero wepakati wezviyero zvakaderera:
– 1, 3, 4, 5, 6
- Pakati pechikamu ichi i4
PaQ3, tinotora muyero wepamusoro wezviyero:
– 7, 8, 11, 13, 14
- Pakati pechikamu ichi i11
Interquartile Range (IQR) = Q3 – Q1 = 11 – 4 = 7
Saka, IQR yedataset i7.
Mhedziso
Kuyera kupararira kwezvinhu zvakakosha muhuwandu hwe ...
