Muenzaniso weMubvunzo weKukurukurirana pamusoro peKutakurwa muMiti
Kutakurwa kwezvirimwa inyaya inokosha mubiology, kunyanya kuvadzidzi vechikoro chesekondari. Nyaya iyi inoongorora kuti zvirimwa zvinofamba sei uye zvinoparadzira sei zvinhu zvakakosha pakukura kwavo. Munyaya ino, tichakurukura mienzaniso yakati wandei yezvinetso uye tsananguro dzazvo kuti tibatsire vadzidzi kunzwisisa zviri nani pfungwa yekutakura muzvirimwa.
Nhanganyaya yeKutakura muZvirimwa
Kutakurwa kwezvirimwa kunogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru: kutakurwa kwemasero ari pakati pemasero uye kutakurwa kwedaro refu. Kutakurwa kwemasero ari pakati pemasero kunosanganisira kufamba kwemamorekuru kubva kune rimwe sero kuenda kune rimwe, ukuwo kutakurwa kwedaro refu kunosanganisira kufamba kwezvinhu zviri mukati memuti kuburikidza netsinga dzeropa.
1. Kutakura Madaro Marefu:
– Xylem: Inotamisa mvura nemaminerari kubva pamidzi kuenda kumashizha.
– Phloem: Inotamisa mhedzisiro yephotosynthesis kubva pamashizha kuenda kuzvikamu zvese zvemuti.
2. Kutakurwa Kwemasero:
– Maitiro aya anosanganisira kupararira, osmosis, uye kushandiswa kwemapuroteni ekufambisa mumasero.
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nekukurukurirana
Mubvunzo 1: Nzira yekufambisa mumvura
Mubvunzo:
Tsanangura kuti mafambiro ekutakura mvura kubva kumidzi kuenda kumashizha emiti anoitika sei.
Kukurukurirana:
Kutakurwa kwemvura kubva pamidzi kuenda kumashizha kunoitika zvikuru kuburikidza ne xylem tissue. Maitiro aya anosanganisira matanho akakosha akati wandei:
1. Kunyudzwa kwemvura nemidzi:
Midzi inonwisa mvura kubva muvhu kuburikidza ne osmosis. Nzvimbo yebvudzi remidzi ine huwandu hwakawanda hwema ions, zvichikwevera mvura mumasero emidzi.
2. Kupinda muXylem:
Kubva pamudzi we epidermis, mvura inopinda mumudzi kusvika yasvika pa xylem. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kuburikidza nenzira ye syplastic (kuburikidza ne cell cytoplasm) kana nzira ye apoplastic (kuburikidza nemadziro e cell).
3. Kufemera uye Kudhonza Kubatana:
Kubuda kwemvura kubva pamashizha kunoita kuti pave nesimba rinodhonza rinonzi transpiration pull kana transpiration tension. Izvi zvinoita kuti mamorekuru emvura afambe achienda kumusoro kuburikidza nedzinde nekuda kwekubatana (kunamatirana) uye kunamira (kunamatira pamadziro exylem).
4. Kupararira muMashizha:
Kana yasvika pamashizha, mvura inotenderera ichienda kumasero emashizha uye inoshandiswa mu photosynthesis kana kuti inopiswa mumhepo kuburikidza nestomata.
Mubvunzo 2: Basa rePhloem mukutakura shuga
Mubvunzo:
Phloem inoshanda sei pakufambisa mhedzisiro yefotosinthesisi kuenda kuzvikamu zvese zvemuti?
Kukurukurirana:
Phloem ine basa rekutakura sucrose nezvimwe zvinovaka muviri kubva pamashizha kuenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzechirimwa, nzira inozivikanwa se translocation. Nzira inotsanangura maitiro aya ifungidziro yekumanikidzwa-kuyerera:
1. Kurodha muChitubu:
Masero emashizha anogadzira glucose panguva ye photosynthesis anoishandura kuita sucrose. Sucrose inobva yaiswa mumasero ephloem kuburikidza nechinhu chinoshanda, ichida simba reATP.
2. Kugadzira Magiredhi Ekudzvanya:
Kuunganidzwa kwesucrose kunoderedza mukana wemvura muphloem, zvichiburitsa mvura kubva muxylem kuburikidza neosmosis. Kuwanda kwemvura uku kunowedzera kumanikidzwa kweturgor muzvinhu zvephloem seeve.
3. Kufamba Nemachubhu ePhloem:
Kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwe turgor munzvimbo inobva mvura kunokonzera kuyerera kwe sucrose solution kuenda kuzvikamu zvechirimwa zvinonzi masinki, idzo nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa kana kuchengetwa simba, zvakaita semidzi kana michero.
4. Kuburitsa zvinhu muSinki:
Sucrose inotakurwa kubva mu phloem kuenda kumasero ekunyura. Kuderera kwehuwandu hwe sucrose kunoita kuti mvura idzokere ku xylem ne osmosis, zvichideredza kumanikidzwa kwe phloem.
Mubvunzo 3: Kupararira uye Osmosis mukutakura kwemasero
Mubvunzo:
Ipa mienzaniso yekuti kupararira uye osmosis zvinoita sei pakufambisa masero mumiti.
Kukurukurirana:
1. Kupararira:
Kupararira kwemvura (diffusion) kufamba kwemamorekuru kubva kunzvimbo ine huwandu hwakawanda kuenda kunzvimbo ine huwandu hushoma. Muzvirimwa, kupararira kwemvura kunogona kuonekwa panguva yekuchinjana kwemhepo mumashizha, carbon dioxide ichipinda uye okisijeni ichibuda nepastomata.
2. Osmosis:
Osmosis kupararira kwemvura kuburikidza nemembrane inopindika zvishoma. Izvi zvinoitika kana mvura ichipinda mumasero emidzi, zvichitevera kukwira kwesimba re osmotic rinogadzirwa nemhinduro dzezvinovaka muviri muvhu rakanyungudutswa.
3. Muenzaniso wekushandiswa mumasero:
– Midzi yemidzi inonwisa mvura kubva muvhu zvikuru kuburikidza ne osmosis.
– Masero ekudzivirira akakomberedza stomata anoshandisa osmosis kuvhura nekuvhara, achidzora kuchinjana kwemagasi uye kurasikirwa nemvura kuburikidza nekufemera.
Mhedziso
Kunzwisisa nzira dzekufambisa mumiti kwakakosha pakuongorora kuti zvirimwa zvinorarama sei uye zvinokura sei. Mibvunzo iri pamusoro apa mienzaniso inogona kushandiswa kuyedza kunzwisisa maitiro e xylem ne phloem mumvura nekutakurwa kwezvinovaka muviri, pamwe nekuti misimboti yekutanga yekupararira ne osmosis inoshandiswa sei mumamiriro ehupenyu hwezvirimwa. Nekuongorora mibvunzo yakasiyana-siyana nehurukuro, zvinotarisirwa kuti vadzidzi vachanzwisisa zviri nani pfungwa yekufambisa mumiti uye kuti misimboti yekutanga yehupenyu inoshanda sei muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwezvirimwa.
