Mibvunzo Yemuenzaniso Inotsanangura Maitiro Ekutsigira Kurasa Marara Emuviri
Sisitimu yekubuda kwetsvina muzvinhu zvipenyu inoita basa guru mukubvisa tsvina yemetabolism inogona kuva chepfu kana kukuvadza kana ikaungana mumuviri. Tsvina iyi inosanganisira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakaita seurea, carbon dioxide, uye munyu. Kuti tinzwisise mashandiro anoita sisitimu iyi, tinofanira kudzidza chimiro uye mashandiro enhengo dzinoburitsa tsvina dzinotevera: itsvo, chiropa, mapapu, ganda, uye lymphatic system. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ane chekuita nezvivakwa zvinotsigira kubviswa kwetsvina yemetabolism, pamwe chete netsananguro dzazvo.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 1: Kushanda kweItsvo muHuturu Hwetsvina
Mubvunzo:
Tsanangura kuti itsvo dzinoita sei basa rekubvisa tsvina mumuviri uye tsanangura maumbirwo anobatanidzwa mukuita uku!
Kukurukurirana:
Itsvo ndidzo nhengo huru dziri muhurongwa hwekubvisa tsvina, dzichisefa ropa kuti ribvise tsvina nemvura yakawandisa muchimiro cheweti. Kusefa ropa kunoitika muma nephrons, mayuniti madiki anoshanda eitsvo. Itsvo dzinopinda mumatanho akati wandei ekuburitswa kwetsvina yemuviri:
1. Kusefa: Kunoitika mu glomerulus, uko ropa rinosefa, uye kunoburitsa glomerular filtrate ine mvura, ma ions, glucose, uye tsvina yakaita se urea.
2. Kunyudzwazve: Mu proximal tube, mvura zhinji, glucose, uye ma ions akakosha zvinonyudzwazve muropa.
3. Kubuda: Marara asingadiwi, akadai sehydrogen ions necreatinine, anobviswa muropa achienda mumachubhu kuti araswe.
4. Kubuda kwetsvina: Weti inobuda inoyerera nepaburi redistal tubule ichipinda mucollecting duct, ichienda kuureter, yozochengetwa mudundira isati yaburitswa neurethra.
Kuburikidza nematanho aya, itsvo dzinoona kuti tsvina nezvinhu zvakawandisa chete ndizvo zvinobuda, ukuwo zvinhu zvakakosha zvichichengetwa mumuviri.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 2: Basa reChiropa muMetabolism uye Kubuda kweMatumbu
Mubvunzo:
Chiropa chinobatanidzwa sei mukugadzirisa tsvina ye metabolic? Taura maumbirwo akakosha mukuita uku!
Kukurukurirana:
Chiropa chinoita basa guru mukugadzirwa kwemuviri uye kubvisa chepfu mumuviri. Rimwe remabasa acho makuru nderekugadzira ammonia ine chepfu kuita urea yakachengeteka kuburikidza ne urea cycle. Urea iyi inozoendeswa kuitsvo kuti ibudiswe. Pamusoro pezvo, chiropa chinoita basa mu:
– Kubvisa chepfu mumishonga nezvichetura, uko ma enzyme echiropa anoshandura mishonga iyi kuita mhando dzinonyungudika mumvura kuti ibudiswe muweti kana nyongo.
– Kugayiwa kwemafuta necarbohydrate, uko chiropa chinodzora huwandu hweglucose nemafuta muropa, zvichiita kuti pave nekuenzana kwakakodzera.
- Kuumbwa kwenyongo, iyo inobatsira mukugaya mafuta uye zvakare inoburitsa bilirubin, tsvina inobuda mukuputsika kwemasero matsvuku eropa.
Maumbirwo akakosha muchiropa anotsigira mabasa aya ndiwo ma hepatic lobules, hepatocytes (masero echiropa), bile ducts, uye sinusoids zvinobatanidza ropa nemasero echiropa kuti zviite mabasa azvo.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 3: Basa reganda pakuburitsa tsvina
Mubvunzo:
Kunyangwe zvisingazivikanwe zvakanyanya, ganda rine basawo muhurongwa hwekuburitsa tsvina. Tsanangura basa reganda mukuita uku uye maumbirwo aro!
Kukurukurirana:
Ganda ndeimwe yenhengo huru dzinoburitsa tsvina mumuviri wemunhu. Basa guru nderekuburikidza nedikita, iro rinobatsira kuburitsa tsvina yemuviri muchimiro chedikita. Maitiro aya anosanganisira zvivako zvakasiyana-siyana:
– Matumbu edikita: Kune mhando mbiri: eccrine neapocrine. Dzose dzinoshanda kugadzira nekuburitsa ziya, iro rine mvura, munyu, nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoraswa mumuviri zvakaita seurea nelactic acid.
– Maburi eganda: Panobva ziya pamusoro peganda, izvo zvinobatsirawo mukusimbisa muviri.
Kuburitswa kwemvura nepaganda kunobatsira kudzora tembiricha yemuviri uye kuchengetedza mwero wemvura ne electrolyte.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 4: Basa reMapapu Mukubvisa Tsvina yeMetabolic
Mubvunzo:
Basa remapapu muhurongwa hwekuburitsa tsvina nderei uye chimiro chemapapu chinotsigira sei basa iri?
Kukurukurirana:
Mapapu anozivikanwa zvikuru nebasa rawo rekufema, asi ane basawo mukubvisa kabhoni dhayiokisaidhi, chinhu chinoraswa nemasero. Maitiro aya anotsigirwa nezvimiro zvinotevera:
– Alveoli: Tumasagi tudiki twemhepo mumapapu uko kunoitika kuchinjana kwegasi. Carbon dioxide inotakurwa kubva muropa kuenda kualveoli, uko inoburitswa kana tichifema.
– Mapapurini emapapu: Mitsipa midiki yeropa yakakomberedza alveoli inokonzera kuparadzira ropa mumapapu ese, zvichibvumira kuchinjana kwecarbon dioxide neokisijeni.
Nekubvisa kabhoni dhayokisaidhi, mapapu anobatsira kuchengetedza pH yeropa yakagadzikana uye kudzivirira acidosis.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 5: Masisitimu eLymphatic neExcretory
Mubvunzo:
Kunyangwe isiri chikamu chehurongwa hwekubvisa tsvina mumuviri, hurongwa hwe lymphatic hunobatsira mukubvisa tsvina ye metabolic. Tsanangura mashandiro anoita hurongwa uhwu!
Kukurukurirana:
Sisitimu yelymphatic inobatsira zvikuru mukurasa tsvina, kunyanya inobva mumvura yenyama. Marara nemvura yakawandisa inobva munyama inotakurwa nemidziyo yelymphatic yozoseferwa kuburikidza nelymph nodes, dzine masero ekudzivirira zvirwere kuti dzidzivirire utachiona.
– Mitsipa yeropa: Inotakurira mvura yakawandisa, mapuroteni, uye tsvina kubva munyama kuenda kuropa kuti iraswe.
– Manodhi eLymph: Anoshanda senzvimbo dzekusefa nekudzivirira, achichenesa lymph kubva kuzvirwere zvinotapukira nedzimwe tsvina asati aidzosera muropa.
Sisitimu yelymphatic inobatsirawo mukunyudzwa kwemafuta kuburikidza ne lactal muura hudiki, mafuta aya asati agadziriswa uye aburitswa kana akawandisa.
Kudzidza nhengo dzemuviri uye maumbirwo anotsigira sisitimu yekubvisa tsvina kwakakosha kuti tinzwisise kuti muviri wedu unochengetedza sei homeostasis uye kubvisa tsvina ye metabolic. Nekunzwisisa mashandiro echikamu chimwe nechimwe, tinogona kunzwisisa zviri nani kuomarara uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemuviri wedu uye kungwarira zviratidzo zvekusashanda zvakanaka zvinogona kukanganisa hutano hwedu.
