Mibvunzo Yemuenzaniso Inotsanangura Magadzirirwo uye Mashandiro Emuviri MuSistimu Yetsinga Dzevanhu
Sisitimu yetsinga yemunhu ndeimwe yemasisitimu akaomarara uye anokosha mumuviri. Ine basa rekudzora nekubatanidza mabasa ese emuviri, kubva pakufamba kusvika kumafungiro nemanzwiro. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mienzaniso yakati wandei yematambudziko ane chekuita nemagadzirirwo uye mashandiro esisitimu yetsinga yemunhu, pamwe chete nemhinduro dzayo. Maitiro aya achabatsira vadzidzi kunzwisisa mashandiro anoita sisitimu yetsinga uye zvakare kuvabatsira pakugadzirira bvunzo.
Mubvunzo 1: Maumbirwo Enheyo Yetsinga
Mubvunzo:
Tsanangura muchidimbu chimiro chehurongwa hwetsinga dzemuviri wemunhu.
Kukurukurirana:
Sisitimu yetsinga yemunhu yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: sisitimu yetsinga yepakati (CNS) uye sisitimu yetsinga yeperipheral (PNS).
1. Sistimu Yetsinga Yepakati (CNS):
– Uropi: Huri mukati medehenya uye hunoshanda senzvimbo yekudzora muviri.
- Ine zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita secerebrum, cerebellum, uye brainstem.
– Uropi hune basa rekufunga, kurangarira, uye manzwiro.
– Cerebellum ndiyo inokonzera kubatana uye kuenzana.
- Brainstem inotonga mabasa ekutanga akadai sekufema uye kurova kwemoyo.
– Mutsipa wemusana: Unobva muuropi uchienda kumusana wepazasi, uchishanda senzira yekutaurirana pakati peuropi nemuviri.
2. Sisitimu Yetsinga Yemumativi (CNS):
- Zvine tsinga dzakapararira mumuviri wese.
– Yakakamurwa kuita somatic nervous system (inodzora tsandanyama dzinoda) uye autonomic nervous system (inodzora mashandiro ega ega akadai sekugaya chikafu nekurova kwemoyo).
Mubvunzo 2: Basa reManeuron
Mubvunzo:
Ndezvipi zvikamu zve neuron, uye chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinoshanda sei?
Kukurukurirana:
MaNeuron ndiwo mayuniti ekutanga etsinga uye ane basa rekutumira ruzivo mumuviri wese. Zvikamu zvetsinga zvinosanganisira:
1. Madendrite: Matavi madiki anogamuchira zviratidzo kubva kune mamwe ma neuron uye anoatumira kumuviri wesero.
2. Muviri weSero (Soma): Ine nucleus nedzimwe nhengo dzinodzora mashandiro emasero.
3. Axon: Faibha refu inotakura ma "electrical impulses" kubva mumuviri wesero kuenda kune mamwe ma neuron kana kune zvinokanganisa zvakaita setsandanyama.
4. Axon Terminal: Mugumo weaxon une basa rekuburitsa ma neurotransmitters mu synapse.
5. Synapse: Mukana uri pakati pe axon terminal ne neuron inotevera, uko kutaurirana kwemakemikari kunoitika kuburikidza nema neurotransmitters.
Mubvunzo 3: Nzira yekutumira tsinga dzeropa
Mubvunzo:
Tsanangura kuti tsinga dzinofambiswa sei kubva kune imwe neuron kuenda kune imwe.
Kukurukurirana:
Kutapurirana kwetsinga dzinofambisa mashoko inzira yemagetsi inosanganisira shanduko mumagetsi anotevedza membrane yetsinga. Maitiro aya anosanganisira:
1. Kubviswa kwepolarization: Kana neuron yakurudzirwa, nzira dze sodium ion dziri mumembrane ye neuron dzinovhurika, zvichiita kuti sodium ion ipinde nekukurumidza musero uye zvichiita kuti mukati mesero muve nepfungwa dzakanaka.
2. Kudzoreredza mashandiro emuviri: Mushure mekunge simba rekuita zvinhu rasvika padanho repamusoro, nzira dze potassium ion dzinovhurika uye potassium ion dzinobuda mu neuron, zvichidzoreredza negative charge mukati mesero.
3. Kugona Kuita: Kuchinja uku kwesimba kunofamba pamwe chete neaxon semagetsi.
4. Kutapurirana kweSinaptic: Kana kupinza kwesimba kwasvika paaxon terminal, ma neurotransmitters anosunungurwa mu synapse uye obva abatana nema receptors ari pa neuron inotevera, zvichikonzera mukana mutsva wekuita.
Mubvunzo 4: Sisitimu yeTsitsi Inozvitonga
Mubvunzo:
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemasisitimu etsinga etsitsi neasinganzwisisike?
Kukurukurirana:
Sisitimu yetsinga inozvimiririra ine zvikamu zviviri zvikuru, zvinoti sisitimu yetsinga inonzwira tsitsi neinoparara, iyo inoshanda zvinopesana kuchengetedza homeostasis.
1. Sisitimu Yetsinga Inobatsira:
- Inozivikanwa se "kurwisa kana kutiza" system iyo inoshanda panguva yekushushikana kana yekukurumidzira.
- Inowedzera kurova kwemoyo, kuwedzera kwemaziso, uye kuburitswa kweglucose kubva muchiropa.
- Inotungamirira kuyerera kweropa kubva mudumbu kuenda kutsandanyama dzemapfupa.
2. Sisitimu yeNervous yeParasympathetic:
- Inozivikanwa se "rest and digest system" iyo inodzora mashandiro emuviri panguva yekuzorora.
- Inoderedza kurova kwemoyo, inoomesa maziso emuviri, uye inokurudzira kugaya chikafu.
- Inoramba ichishanda zvakanaka uye inotsigira kudzoreredzwa kwesimba remuviri.
Mubvunzo 5: Matambudziko eSistimu yeTervous
Mubvunzo:
Dudza uye tsanangura zvirwere zviviri zvinogona kukanganisa tsinga.
Kukurukurirana:
Sisitimu yetsinga inogona kusangana nematambudziko akasiyana-siyana anokanganisa mashandiro ayo. Mienzaniso miviri yematambudziko akadaro ndeiyi:
1. Kurohwa neSitiroko:
– Zvinoitika kana ropa rinoenda kuchikamu cheuropi rikadzimwa kamwe kamwe, kazhinji nekuda kwekuvharika kana kuputika kwetsinga yeropa.
– Zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara zvachose kwemasero europi kana zvikasarapwa nekukasika.
– Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kushaya simba kamwe kamwe kune rumwe rutivi rwemuviri, kunetseka kutaura, uye kuvhiringidzika.
2. Chirwere cheParkinson:
- Idambudziko retsinga rinokanganisa kufamba kwemuviri.
- Zvinokonzerwa nekurasikirwa kwema neuron anogadzira dopamine mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeuropi.
– Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kudedera, kuomarara kwetsandanyama, kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kusagadzikana kwekuzvibata.
Nekunzwisisa chimiro uye mashandiro ehurongwa hwetsinga, tinogona kunzwisisa zviri nani kuomarara uye kukosha kwahwo muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Ruzivo urwu runopawo hwaro hwakakosha muminda yezvekurapa nehutano yekurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kuitika. Chinyorwa chino chakagadzirirwa kubatsira vadzidzi kugadzirira mibvunzo nezvehurongwa hwetsinga hwevanhu uye kupa ruzivo rwekuti hurongwa uhwu hunochengetedza sei kuenzana kwemuviri wedu.
