Muenzaniso weMubvunzo weKukurukurirana weSolenoid
MaSolenoids zvinhu zvakakosha mukushandiswa kwemagetsi nema electromagnetic, kubva kumidziyo yekurapa kusvika kumichina yeindasitiri. Tisati tapinda mumibvunzo nehurukuro, ngatitangei tanzwisisa kuti chii chinonzi solenoid uye kuti chinoshanda sei.
Kunzwisisa Solenoids
Solenoid isimbi yewaya, inowanzo umbwa se cylinder refu. Kana magetsi achipfuura nemu solenoid, anogadzira simba remagineti mukati mayo. Simba remagineti iri rinogona kushandiswa pazvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakaita sekufambisa piston mu electromechanical solenoid, kana kugadzira simba remagineti rakafanana mune mamwe mashandisirwo ekutsvaga uye tekinoroji.
Hunhu hunokosha hwe solenoid isimba remagineti rainoburitsa. Simba remagineti riri mukati me solenoid refu, rakanyatsorongedzwa rakafanana. Equation inotsanangura simba remagineti B riri mukati me solenoid yakakodzera ndeiyi:
\[ B = \mu_0 \cdot n \cdot I \]
di mana:
– \( B \) ndiyo simba remagineti,
– \( \mu_0 \) ndiyo nzira yekubvumidza vacuum (\( 4\pi \times 10^{-7} \) T m/A),
– \( n \) ndiyo nhamba yekutenderera pahurefu hweyuniti (kutenderera/m),
– \( I \) isimba remagetsi rinoyerera nepa solenoid.
Simba remagineti iri rinoenderana zvakananga nekufamba kwemagetsi uye huwandu hwematenderedzwa pahurefu hweyuniti, uye rinopesvedzerwa nehunhu hwenzvimbo iri solenoid, muchiitiko ichi mhepo kana vacuum.
Mubvunzo 1: Kuverenga Magnetic Field Mukati meSolenoid
Mubvunzo:
Solenoid ine matenderere chiuru uye yakareba mamita 0,5. Kana magetsi ari kuyerera nepasolenoid ari 2 amperes, verenga simba remagineti riri mukati mesolenoid.
Kukurukurirana:
Kutanga, tinofanira kuverenga huwandu hwematenderedzwa pahurefu hweyuniti (n):
\[ n = \frac{N}{L} = \frac{1000}{0,5} = 2000 \, \text{turns/m} \]
Zvadaro, shandisa fomura yemagnetic field inonzi solenoid:
\[ B = \mu_0 \cdot n \cdot I \]
\[
B = (4\pi \kawa 10^{-7}) \cdot 2000 \cdot 2
= 8\pi \kawa 10^{-4} \, \text{T}
\]
\[
B \inenge 2,51 \kawa 10^{-3} \, \text{T}
\]
Saka, simba remagineti riri mukati me solenoid rinenge \( 2,51 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{T} \) kana 2,51 mT (milliTesla).
Mubvunzo 2: Kuverenga Simba reLorentz paWaya muMunda weMagineti weSolenoid
Mubvunzo:
Mukati me solenoid inogadzira simba remagineti re \( 2,51 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{T} \), mune waya yakatwasuka ine urefu hwe 0,2 metres inotakura magetsi e3 amperes akatarisana nesimba remagineti. Verenga simba reLorentz rinoshanda pawaya.
Kukurukurirana:
Simba reLorentz rinoshanda pawaya mumunda wemagineti rinogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa fomura:
\[ F = I \cdot L \cdot B \]
di mana:
– \( F \) isimba reLorentz,
– \(I \) ndiyo magetsi emagetsi,
– \( L \) kureba kwewaya,
– \( B \) ndiyo simba remagineti.
Tinotsiva kukosha kwakapihwa:
\[ F = 3 \cdot 0,2 \cdot 2,51 \kawa 10^{-3} \]
\[ F = 1,506 \kawa 10^{-3} \, \mashoko{N} \]
Saka, simba reLorentz rinoshanda pawaya ndi \( 1,506 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{N} \).
Mubvunzo 3: Simba reMagineti muSolenoid
Mubvunzo:
Simba remagineti rakawanda sei rinochengetwa mu solenoid ine urefu hwemita imwe ine radius ye 0,05 metres, ine turns 1000, uye inotakura current ye 2 amperes?
Kukurukurirana:
Simba remagineti riri mu solenoid rinogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa fomura:
\[ U = \frac{1}{2} \cdot L \cdot I^2 \]
apo \( L \) iri inductance ye solenoid. Inductance ye solenoid (\( L \)) inogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa fomura:
\[ L = \mu_0 \cdot \frac{N^2 \cdot A}{l} \]
ne:
– \( N \) ndiyo nhamba yekutenderera,
– \( A \) inzvimbo ine chikamu che solenoid,
– \( l \) kureba kwe solenoid.
Nzvimbo yepakati pezvikamu \( A \):
\[ A = \pi r^2 \]
\[ A = \pi (0,05)^2 = 7,85 \kawa 10^{-3} \, \text{m}^2 \]
Kupinza \(L \):
\[
L = (4\pi \kawa 10^{-7}) \cdot \frac{1000^2 \cdot 7,85 \kawa 10^{-3}}{1}
\]
\[
L \inenge 9,87 \kawa 10^{-3} \, \text{H}
\]
Simba remagineti \( U \):
\[
U = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 9,87 \times 10^{-3} \cdot (2)^2
\]
\[
U = 1,97 \kawa 10^{-2} \, \chinyorwa{J}
\]
Saka, simba remagineti rinochengetwa mu solenoid i \( 1,97 \times 10^{-2} \, \text{J} \) kana 19,7 mJ (milliJoules).
