Mibvunzo Yemuenzaniso Inotsanangura Simba Remagetsi Rinobuda
Magetsi imhando yesimba rakakosha muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Imwe yepfungwa huru mufizikisi yemagetsi isimba reCoulomb, iro rinotsanangura kudyidzana kuripo pakati pemagetsi. Kunzwisisa simba remagetsi rinobuda kwakakosha mumashandisirwo akawanda, kubva patekinoroji yemagetsi kusvika pakunzwisisa zviitiko zviri muchadenga. Inotevera ihurukuro yakadzama yematambudziko emuenzaniso uye maitiro ekuziva simba remagetsi rinobuda.
Nhanganyaya kupfungwa yeSimba reCoulomb
Tisati tapinda mumubvunzo wedambudziko, ngationgororei mutemo waCoulomb. Mutemo waCoulomb unoti simba remagetsi riri pakati pemapoinzi maviri rinoenderana nemhedzisiro yehukuru hwaro uye rinoenderana nechikamu chedaro riri pakati paro. Pamasvomhu, simba reCoulomb \( F \) rinogona kuratidzwa seizvi:
\[ F = k_e \frac{|q_1 q_2|}{r^2} \]
Di mana:
– \( F \) ndiko kukura kwesimba remagetsi.
– \( k_e \) ishoko rekuti Coulomb risingachinji, \( k_e \approx 8,99 \times 10^9 \, \text{Nm}^2/\text{C}^2 \).
– \( q_1 \) uye \( q_2 \) ndiwo hukuru hwemari dzinobhadharwa.
– \( r \) ndiyo daro riri pakati pemari dzinobhadhariswa.
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nekukurukurirana
Mubvunzo 1: Kuchaja Kuviri Mumutsara Wakatwasuka
Mapoinzi maviri \( q_1 = 4 \mu C \) uye \( q_2 = -3 \mu C \) ari pachinhambwe che3 cm kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Verenga hukuru negwara reCoulomb force pakati pemapoinzi maviri aya.
Kukurukurirana:
Danho rekutanga nderekushandura chaji nedaro kuita mayuniti eSI:
– \( q_1 = 4 \kawa 10^{-6} C \)
– \( q_2 = -3 \kawa 10^{-6} C \)
– \( r = 3 \kawa 10^{-2} m \)
Kushandisa mutemo waCoulomb:
\[ F = k_e \frac{|q_1 q_2|}{r^2} \]
Tsiva tsika dzinozivikanwa:
\[ F = (8,99 \nguva 10^9) \frac{(4 \nguva 10^{-6})(3 \nguva 10^{-6})}{(3 \nguva 10^{-2})^2} \]
Verenga hukuru hwesimba:
\[ F = (8,99 \kawa 10^9) \frac{12 \kawa 10^{-12}}{9 \kawa 10^{-4}} \]
\[ F = (8,99 \kawa 10^9) \kawa (1,33 \kawa 10^{-8}) \]
\[ F = 1,197 \kawa 10^2 \]
\[ F = 119,7 \, N \]
Kutungamirirwa kwesimba: Sezvo \( q_1 \) iri yakanaka uye \( q_2 \) iri negative, simba racho rinokwezva. Saka, simba riri pa \( q_1 \) rakanangidzirwa kuna \( q_2 \) uye zvinopesana.
Mubvunzo 2: Machaja Matatu muTsamba Yakaenzana
Machaji matatu, imwe neimwe \( q = 2 \mu C \), anoiswa pamucheto wetriangle yakaenzana ine mativi ekureba 5 cm. Verenga simba rinobuda rinoshanda pachaji yega yega.
Kukurukurirana:
Shandura chaji uye daro kuita mayuniti eSI:
– \( q = 2 \kawa 10^{-6} C \)
– \( r = 5 \kawa 10^{-2} m \)
Simba pakati pemhosva mbiri:
\[ F = k_e \frac{q^2}{r^2} \]
Tsiva tsika dzinozivikanwa:
\[ F = (8,99 \nguva 10^9) \frac{(2 \nguva 10^{-6})^2}{(5 \nguva 10^{-2})^2} \]
\[ F = (8,99 \kawa 10^9) \frac{4 \kawa 10^{-12}}{25 \kawa 10^{-4}} \]
\[ F = (8,99 \kawa 10^9) \kawa (1,6 \kawa 10^{-10}) \]
\[ F = 1,4384 N \]
Simba iri rinoshanda paviri yega yega yechaja iri mutriangle. Kuti uwane simba rinobuda richishanda pachaja yega yega, zvakakosha kuongorora mavector esimba emasimba maviri ari kushanda pachaja yega yega munzira dzakatwasuka nedzakaonda dzetriangle.
Ngatitii kurwiswa pa \( A \) kunogamuchira masimba kubva ku \( B \) uye \( C \):
– Simba kubva pa \( B \) kusvika pa \( A \) ndiro \( F_{AB} = 1,4384 \, N \).
– Simba kubva ku \( C \) kusvika ku \( A \) ndiro \( F_{AC} = 1,4384 \, N \).
Sezvo masimba maviri aya achiumba kona ye60° pamwe chete (nekuda kwetriangle yakaenzana), tinogona kushandisa kuongorora kwezvikamu zvevector kuti tiwane mhedzisiro.
Zvikamu zvesimba pa x-axis ne y-axis:
\[ F_{Ax} = F_{AB} \cos 30^\circ + F_{AC} \cos 30^\circ \]
\[ F_{Ay} = F_{AB} \chivi30^\circ - F_{AC} \chivi30^\circ \]
Zvisinei, sezvo masimba ese ari maviri akafanana uye akaenzana kumativi ese, zvikamu zvese zve y zvichadzimwa uye zvinobudirira, kuchaja \( A \) kunongokanganiswa chete nesimba rakatwasuka rinoshanda pakati.
\[
F_{Ax} = 2F_{AB} \cos 30^\circ \\
= 2(1,4384 \ N \cdot \ 0,866) \\
= 2 \cdot 1.2467 \\
= 2.4934N
]
Saka simba remagetsi rinobuda pane imwe yechaji ndi \( F = 2.4934 N.
Mhedziso
Kuziva simba remagetsi rinobuda muhurongwa hwemapoinzi kunoda kunzwisisa kwakakwana mutemo waCoulomb uye kugona kupatsanura simba remagetsi muzvikamu zvaro. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara ane mapoinzi matatu kana anopfuura, kuongorora mavector kunowanzova chishandiso chakakosha chekuwana mhedzisiro chaiyo. Kuburikidza nematambudziko ekudzidzira akadai, tinogona kunzwisisa nekushandisa pfungwa dzefizikisi zvinobudirira.
