Mhinduro dzezvirimwa kukuchinja kwekunze: Mibvunzo yekukurukurirana nemuenzaniso
Zvirimwa, sezvinhu zvipenyu zvinogara zvichingozvigadzira, zvine simba rekuchinja mamiriro azvo ekunze. Kugona uku kunobva munhoroondo refu yekushanduka-shanduka kunoita kuti zvikwanise kurarama mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana ezvakatipoteredza. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mhinduro dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa kukuchinja kwekunze uye tichapa mienzaniso yezvinetso nehurukuro kuti tinzwisise nyaya iyi zvakadzama.
1. Mhinduro yemiti kunharaunda
1.1 Tropism
Tropism imhinduro yekukura umo gwara rekufamba rinotemerwa negwara rechinhu chinokurudzira. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzetropism dzinowanzo kurukurwa mubhayoloji:
– Phototropism: Kupindura kwemiti kuchiedza. Miti mizhinji inoratidza phototropism yakanaka, zvichireva kuti inokura ichienda kunobva chiedza. Auxin, hormone yekukura kwemiti, inoita basa guru mukuita uku nekukurumidzisa kukura kwemasero padivi pechirimwa kure nechiedza.
– Gravitropism: Mhinduro kugravitropism. Midzi inowanzoratidza gravitropism yakanaka nekukura ichidzika ichienda pakati penyika pegravitropism, nepo madzinde achiwanzoratidza gravitropism yakaipa nekukura ichienda kune rimwe divi rakapesana negravitropism.
– Thigmotropism: Mhinduro kana munhu abatwa. Zvirimwa zvakaita semazambiringa nezvimwe zvinokwira zvinoshandisa thigmotropism kukwira nekuzviputira pazvitsigiro.
1.2 Nasti
Kufamba kweNastic kupindura kwekufamba mumiti isingaenderane nekwainobva chinhu chinokurudzira. Kufamba kweNastic kunowanzova kwenguva pfupi uye kunoitika nekuda kwekuchinja kwekumanikidzwa kwe turgor.
– Photonasty: Kufamba-famba kunokonzerwa nechiedza, senge maruva anovhurika mangwanani uye anovhara husiku.
– Nyctinasty: Kufamba-famba kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze akadai sekupisa kana mwero wechiedza, izvo zvinowanzoitika husiku.
– Kuvhunduka kwevhu: Mhinduro yekubatwa kana kudedera. Muenzaniso ndewekuvharika kwemashizha emuti wemimosa kana abatwa.
2. Maitiro Ekuchinja Kwemuviri Mumiti
Kunze kwekufamba, zvirimwa zvinoratidzawo mamwe maitiro muchimiro chekuchinja kwemuviri:
2.1 Kusarara
Kusarara kwemiti chirwere chinotora nguva refu apo chirimwa chinomira kukura kwenguva pfupi kuti chijairane nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, akadai sechando kana kusanaya kwemvura. Kana mamiriro ezvinhu agadzikana, chirimwa chinobuda kubva pakusarara kwemiti uye chinotangazve kukura.
2.2 Asidhi Isina Kugayiwa (ABA)
ABA ihormone yemiti inokonzera kuvharika kwedumbu panguva yekuoma, ichideredza kurasikirwa nemvura kuburikidza nekufemera. Iyi hormone inoitawo basa mukudzikamisa dumbu uye kupindura kushushikana.
2.3 Kuchinja kweMakuriro eMashizha
Mimwe miriwo ine nzira dzekugadzirisa mashizha ayo eganda kuti irambe yakasimba pakusanaya kwemvura kana kurwiswa nezvirwere. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuwedzera ukobvu hweganda kana kugadzira mishonga inodzivirira uswa.
3. Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nekukurukurirana
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 1:
Mubvunzo: Tsanangura mashandiro anoita phototropism mumiti uye basa rehomoni auxin mukuita uku.
Kukurukurirana:
Phototropism ikukura uko kwakanangana nekwakananga chiedza chiri kuuya. Mukushanda kwephototropism, chiedza chinokonzera kupararira kusina kuenzana kwehomoni auxin kumativi emuti wemuti. Kazhinji, huwandu hwe auxin hwakakwira parutivi pemuti kure nechiedza, zvichiita kuti masero ari kurutivi irworwo arebe nekukurumidza kupfuura ari kurutivi rwakatarisana nechiedza. Nekuda kweizvozvo, muti wacho unokotama uchienda kunobva chiedza, zvichiita kuti photosynthesis ishande zvakanaka.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 2:
Mubvunzo: Taura uye tsanangura musiyano uripo pakati pe tropism nekufamba kwemiti mumiti.
Kukurukurirana:
Musiyano mukuru pakati pe tropism ne nasticity uri munzira yekufamba maererano ne stimulus.
– Tropism: Kufamba kwemiti kana kukura kwayo kunokanganiswa zvakananga nekwainobva chinhu chinokurudzira chiri kuuya. Muenzaniso iphototropism, uko kwainobva kukura kwemiti kunotevera kwainobva chiedza chiri kuuya.
– Nasti: Kufamba kwemiti kusina chekuita nekwainobva chinhu chinokurudzira. Kufamba uku kunowanzo kukonzerwa nekuchinja kwekumanikidzwa kwe turgor mukati memasero emiti. Muenzaniso we nasti i seismonasty mu mimosa pudica, uko mashizha anovhara kana akabatwa kana kudedera.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 3:
Mubvunzo: Hormone ye abscisic acid (ABA) inokanganisa sei kupindura kwemiti pakusanaya kwemvura?
Kukurukurirana:
ABA ihormone inokosha mukubatsira zvirimwa kurarama nemamiriro ekusanaya kwemvura. Kana zvirimwa zvikasangana nekushaikwa kwemvura, huwandu hweABA mumiti hunowedzera. Iyi hormone inobva yatanga kuvharika kwestomata, maburi ari pamusoro pemashizha, kuderedza kurasikirwa nemvura kuburikidza nekufemera. Kuvharika kwedumbu kunobatsira kuchengetedza mvura mumatishu emiti munguva yekusanaya kwemvura. Uyezve, ABA inoudzawo zvirimwa kuti zvipinde muchikamu chisina kurara, zvichideredza kukura uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa kusvika mamiriro ekunze ava nani.
Mhedziso
Mhinduro dzemiti kukuchinja kwekunze inyaya inonakidza uye yakaoma, inosanganisira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzemuviri nemakemikari. Nekuwedzera kunzwisisa kwedu maitiro aya, tinogona kunzwisisa zviri nani kuti zvirimwa zvinorarama sei uye zvinochinjika sei kumamiriro ezvinhu anochinja. Kudzidza kuburikidza nedzidziso nemaitiro, akadai sekupindura mibvunzo yakaita seiri pamusoro, kuchawedzera ruzivo rwedu nezve ecology yemiti uye kuchinjika kwayo kunharaunda.
