Muenzaniso weMibvunzo yeKukurukurirana pamusoro pekupararira kweMiti neZvipenyu Munyika Sekureva kwaAlfred Russel Wallace
Kupararira nekupararira kwemiti nemhuka pasi rose chiitiko chinonakidza chakabata pfungwa dzevasayendisiti kwemazana emakore. Mumwe wevanhu vakakosha vakagadzira dzidziso nepfungwa dzakakosha mundima iyi ndiAlfred Russel Wallace. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura pfungwa iyi yekupararira, tiine mienzaniso yezvinetso nehurukuro, kuti tinzwisise zviri nani mipiro yaWallace ku biogeography.
Nhanganyaya kuna Alfred Russel Wallace
Alfred Russel Wallace aive nyanzvi yezvebhayoloji yeChirungu uye muongorori anozivikanwa semumwe wevakatanga dzidziso yekushanduka-shanduka kuburikidza nekusarudzwa kwechisikigo, pamwe chete naCharles Darwin. Kuwedzera kune dzidziso yekushanduka-shanduka, mipiro yaWallace yakakoshawo yaive mumunda we biogeography, uko akagadzira pfungwa yeWallace Line, iyo inoparadzanisa nzvimbo dzenzvimbo zvichienderana nemiti nemhuka dzayo.
Mutsetse weWallace nenzvimbo yekugovera
Wallace akawana mutsetse wekufungidzira, unozivikanwa seWallace Line, unoparadzanisa nzvimbo dzezvipenyu dzeAsia neAustralasia. Mutsetse uyu unopfuura pakati pezvitsuwa zveBali neLombok uye pakati peKalimantan neSulawesi muIndonesia. Zvakawanikwa naWallace zvakaratidza kuti pasinei nekuva pedyo, mhando dziri kumativi ese emutsetse uyu dzakasiyana zvikuru.
Nzvimbo yeWallace yeBiogeographic Zoning
Wallace akapatsanura nyika kuita matunhu akati wandei ehupenyu zvichienderana nemagadzirirwo emiti nemhuka. Matunhu anozivikanwa zvikuru ndeeNeotropical, Afrotropical, Indomalayan, Palearctic, Nearctic, Australasian, uye Oceanic. Dunhu rega rega rine hunhu hwakasiyana hune chekuita nemarudzi anogara mariri.
Mienzaniso yeMibvunzo paKukurukurirana nezvekupararira kweMiti neZvipfuyo
Kuti tinzwisise zvakadzama nezvekupararira kwemiti nemhuka zvichienderana naWallace, ngatikurukurei mienzaniso yemibvunzo inotevera nehurukuro dzayo:
Mubvunzo 1:
Tsanangura kuti Wallace Line inokanganisa sei kupararira kwemiti nemhuka muIndonesia!
Kukurukurirana:
Mutsetse weWallace muganho wehupenyu hwemhuka unoparadzanisa marudzi eAsia neAustralasia. MuIndonesia, mutsetse uyu unofamba pakati pezvitsuwa zveBali neLombok uye pakati peKalimantan neSulawesi. Kuvapo kwemutsetse uyu kunoreva kuti maruva nemhuka dzemuBali zvakafanana nezviri muAsia, nepo Lombok ine simba reAustralasia. Kuchinja kwenzvimbo nemiganhu yegungwa kwemamiriyoni emakore kwakakanganisa nzira dzekufamba kwemarudzi, zvichikonzera misiyano inoshamisa pasinei nekuswedera pedyo kwezvitsuwa.
Mubvunzo 2:
Kurukurai kuti sei Wallace akasarudza nzvimbo yakapoteredza Indonesia senzvimbo yekuongorora kwake biogeography!
Kukurukurirana:
Indonesia iri panzvimbo yekusangana kwemakondinendi maviri, Asia neAustralasia. Izvi zvakaita kuti Indonesia ive nzvimbo yakakwana yekutsvagisa kuti Wallace adzidze nezvekupararira nekushanduka kwemarudzi. Kusiyana kwayo kukuru uye mamiriro enzvimbo akasiyana zvakabvumira Wallace kuona zvakajeka miganhu yekupararira kwemarudzi. Uyezve, kusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana kwemarudzi eIndonesia kunoita kuti ive rabhoritari yakakosha yekudzidza biology yekushanduka-shanduka uye biogeography.
Mubvunzo 3:
Ipa mienzaniso yemhando dzezvisikwa dziri kumativi ese eWallace Line uye chii chinorehwa nedzidziso yekushanduka-shanduka kwezvinhu?
Kukurukurirana:
Muenzaniso wemhando dzemhuka dzinowanikwa kumativi ese eWallace Line ndedzimwe mhando dzakasiyana dzeshiri nedzemhuka. Semuenzaniso, tarsier inowanikwa muSulawesi (kumabvazuva kweWallace Line) asi kwete muBorneo. Mumwe muenzaniso idhiragoni reKomodo, rinogona kuwanikwa muEast Nusa Tenggara (kumabvazuva kweWallace Line) asi kwete kuzvitsuwa zviri kumadokero kwayo. Kuvapo kwemhando idzi dzakasiyana kunotsigira dzidziso yekushanduka-shanduka, iyo inotsanangura kuti mhando dzinokura sei zvakasiyana zvichibva pakuparadzaniswa kwenzvimbo uye kugadziriswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvidzidzo izvi zvinobatsira masayendisiti kunzwisisa mashandiro ekushanduka-shanduka uye kuti nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenzvimbo dzinokanganisa sei mhando.
Mhedziso
Alfred Russel Wallace akapa mipiro yakakosha mumunda we biogeography kuburikidza nekuwana kwake Wallace Line uye pfungwa yake yekupararira kwemiti nemhuka pasi rese. Kunzwisisa kwake biogeographic zoning hakungotibatsiri chete kunzwisisa kuti mhando dzemhuka dzinopararira sei asiwo kunotipa kunzwisisa kwakadzama maitiro ekushanduka-shanduka uye kugadziriswa kwechisikigo kunoita kuti kusiyana kwehupenyu pasi pano kuve kwakasiyana uye kwakasimba.
Kunzwisisa kupararira kwemiti nemhuka kwakakosha pakuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Nekunzwisisa kuti mhando dzemhuka dzinopararira sei uye dzinochinja sei, vanhu vanogona kutora matanho akakodzera ekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzezvisikwa uye kuchengetedza kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza zvepasi.
Chinyorwa chino chinoedza kupa ongororo yakajairika uye kunzwisisa kwekutanga kwekupararira kwemiti nemhuka zvichienderana naWallace izvo zvinogona kushandiswa mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana, mukutsvaga kwezvipenyu, kuchengetedza, uye dzidzo yezvakatipoteredza.
