Muenzaniso weMibvunzo Yekukurukurirana Pamusoro Pekuparadzirwa Kwemhuka dzeIndonesia
Indonesia, senyika yakakura kwazvo pasi rose ine masango, ine hupfumi hwakawanda hwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, kunyanya kana tichitarisa mhuka. Kupararira kwemhuka muIndonesia kunogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: kumadokero (Asiatic), dunhu repakati (Transitional/Wallis), uye dunhu remabvazuva (Australia). Dunhu rega rega rine hunhu hwakasiyana hwemhuka, zvichipa mufananidzo wekusiyana-siyana kwehupenyu hweIndonesia. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura mibvunzo yemuenzaniso ine chekuita nekupararira kwemhuka idzi, pamwe nehurukuro yakazara.
Mubvunzo 1: Doma nzvimbo dzinowanikwa mhuka muIndonesia!
Kukurukurirana:
Kupararira kwemhuka muIndonesia kwakakamurwa kuita matunhu matatu makuru zvichibva paWallace neWeber, anoti:
1. Dunhu rekumadokero (Asia):
- Dunhu iri rinosanganisira Sumatra, Java, Bali, neKalimantan pamwe nechikamu chekumadokero kweSulawesi.
– Mhuka dziri munzvimbo iyi dzakafanana zvikuru nedzekondinendi yeAsia. Mienzaniso inosanganisira ingwe, nzou, zvipembere, uye mhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka dzakadai semaorenji.
2. Dunhu repakati (rekuchinja/reWallis):
- Inovhara Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, uye zvikamu zveMaluku.
– Mhuka dziri munzvimbo iyi dzakasiyana nekuti inzvimbo inoshanduka ine musanganiswa wemhuka dzekuAsia nedzekuAustralia. Mienzaniso inosanganisira anoa nebabirusa, dzinowanikwa muSulawesi chete.
3. Dunhu reKumabvazuva (Australia):
- Inosanganisira Papua nenzvimbo dzakapoteredza.
– Chinhu chinoshamisa munharaunda iyi mhuka dzayo, dzakafanana nedzekuAustralia. Mienzaniso yenzvimbo iyi inosanganisira kangaroo dzemiti, shiri dzeparadhiso, uye cuscuses.
Mubvunzo wechipiri: Sei paine musiyano pakati penzvimbo dzekumadokero, dzepakati, nedzekumabvazuva dzeIndonesia?
Kukurukurirana:
Musiyano uripo pakati pemhuka muIndonesia unokonzerwa nenhoroondo yezvepasi rose uye zvinhu zvakaita semhuka. Heino tsananguro:
– Nhoroondo yeGeological: Kare, chikamu chekumadokero cheIndonesia chaive chikamu cheSunda Shelf uye chikamu cheAsian continent, nepo chikamu chekumabvazuva chaive chikamu cheSahul Shelf, iyo yaisangana neAustralian continent. Izvi zvakakonzera mutsauko mukushanduka-shanduka kwemhuka uye dzinza munzvimbo mbiri idzi.
– Mitsetse yaWallace naWeber: Mitsetse iyi miviri inoratidza miganhu yechisikigo inoparadzanisa mhuka dzeAsia neAustralasia. Mutsetse waWallace unoparadzanisa mhuka dziri kumadokero kweIndonesia nemhuka dzinochinja muSulawesi. Mutsetse waWeber unoparadzanisa mhuka dzinochinja kubva kuAustralia dziri kumabvazuva kweIndonesia.
– Kuchinja-chinja kwenzvimbo: Kusiyana kwenzvimbo nemamiriro ekunze munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana kunoita kuti mhuka dzigadzikane nenzira dzakasiyana, zvichiita kuti pave nemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana.
Mubvunzo 3: Sarudza mhando imwe chete yemhuka dziripo kubva kunzvimbo imwe neimwe inopararira mhuka muIndonesia.
Kukurukurirana:
1. Dunhu rekumadokero (reAsia) – Maorenji eSumatran:
– Orangutan yeSumatran (Pongo abelii) imhando inowanikwa chete pachitsuwa cheSumatra. Imhuka dzinogara mumasango emvura dzinogara munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinovimba zvakanyanya nemiti senzvimbo yekugara uye chikafu.
2. Dunhu repakati (Kuchinja/Wallis) – Anoa:
– Anoa inozivikanwa seshiri diki yenyati inowanikwa kuSulawesi. Kune mhando mbiri huru: anoa yepasi (Bubalus depressicornis) uye anoa yemakomo (Bubalus quarlesi). Anoa anowanzogara mumasango ane masango nemakomo.
3. Dunhu reKumabvazuva (Australia) – Shiri yeParadhiso:
– Shiri yeParadhiso, inowanzonzi Shiri yeParadhiso, inowanikwa muPapua nezvitsuwa zvakati wandei zvakapoteredza. Inozivikanwa neminhenga yayo yakanaka kwazvo uye maitiro ayo ekudanana anokwezva.
Mubvunzo 4: Zviri kuitwa sei kuchengetedza mhuka muIndonesia?
Kukurukurirana:
Indonesia inotarisana nematambudziko makuru mukuchengetedza mhuka dzayo nekuda kwekutyisidzirwa nekuparadzwa kwemiti, kuvhimwa kwemhuka, uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kuedza kuchengetedza mhuka kunoitwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, dzinosanganisira:
– Kugadzwa kweMapaki Enyika neNzvimbo Dzinochengetedza Mhuka Dzemusango: Hurumende yeIndonesia yakagadzira nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekuchengetedza mhuka kuti dzichengetedze nzvimbo dzadzo dzechisikigo.
– Kutevedzwa kweMutemo neMutemo: Kusimbiswa kwemutemo maererano nekuvhima mhuka zvisiri pamutemo uye kutengeserana kwemhuka dzesango zvisiri pamutemo. Pamusoro pezvo, mitemo yekudzokorodza masango uye manejimendi emasango anochengetedza nharaunda iripo.
– Dzidzo neKuzivisa Veruzhinji: Kuwedzera ruzivo rweveruzhinji nezvekukosha kwemhuka nenzvimbo dzavanogara kuburikidza nedzidzo nemabasa eruzhinji.
– Zvirongwa zvekubereka mhuka dzakatapwa uye zvekudzoreredza mhuka: Dzimwe mhuka dziri munjodzi dzinochengetwa muzvirongwa zvekubereka mhuka dzakasungwa nechinangwa chekudzidzosera kunzvimbo yadzo dzechisikigo.
– Kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese: Indonesia inoshanda pamwe chete nenyika dzepasi rose mukutsvaga nekubhadhara mari yekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kuburikidza nekuedza uku, zvinotarisirwa kuti mhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka muIndonesia dzirambe dzichichengetedzwa, kwete chete nekuda kwezvakatipoteredza asiwo kune zvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Mhedziso
Indonesia ine mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemhuka dzinoshamisa, dzakakamurwa kuita matunhu matatu makuru anoratidza simba rinobva kuAsia neAustralasia. Kunzwisisa kupararira kwemhuka idzi uye hunhu hwadzo kwakakosha pakuita zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza zvinobudirira. Nekubatsirana kubva kumapato ese, kusanganisira hurumende, veruzhinji, uye nharaunda yepasi rose, zvinotarisirwa kuti mabasa ekuchengetedza anogona kuramba achisimbiswa kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvechisikigo zveIndonesia.
