Mibvunzo yeMienzaniso neKukurukurirana kweKuchinjana kweEquilibrium
Kuchinjana kwekuenzanisa inyaya inokosha mukemikari, kunyanya mukudzidza kwekuenzana kwemakemikari. Musimboti mukuru unotsanangura kuchinjana kwekuenzanisa ipfungwa yaLe Chatelier, iyo inoti: "Kana sisitimu iri mukuenzanisa ikachinja (stress), sisitimu ichagadzirisa kuderedza mhedzisiro yekuchinja uye kusvika padanho idzva rekuenzanisa."
Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mimwe mienzaniso yemibvunzo nehurukuro maererano nekuchinja kwe equilibrium kuti tinzwisise pfungwa iyi zvakadzama.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 1: Kuchinja kweKuenzana kweDzvinyiriro
Mubvunzo:
Nitrogen tetroxide gasi (N2O4) inoshanduka kuita nitrogen dioxide (NO2) zvichienderana ne reaction equation:
\[ \text{N}_2\text{O}_4\text{(g)} \rightleftharpoons 2\text{NO}_2\text{(g)} \]
Patembiricha yakatarwa, maitiro aya anenge ari pachiyero. Kana kumanikidzwa kwese kwesystem kukawedzera, chiyero chichachinja kuenda kupi?
Kukurukurirana:
Sekureva kweLe Chatelier's Principle, kana kumanikidzwa kwesystem iri mu equilibrium kukawedzera, equilibrium ichaenda kudivi rine mamorekuru mashoma egasi kuderedza shanduko mukumanikidzwa.
Mumhinduro yakapihwa:
\[ \text{N}_2\text{O}_4\text{(g)} \rightleftharpoons 2\text{NO}_2\text{(g)} \]
kuruboshwe (reactants), kune mole imwe yegasi (N2O4), uye kurudyi (zvigadzirwa) kune mole mbiri yegasi (NO2).
Kana kumanikidzwa kwawedzera, kuenzana kuchaenda kuruboshwe (kuna N2O4) iyo ine mamorekuru mashoma egasi ekuderedza kumanikidzwa.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 2: Kuchinja kweKuenzana kweTembiricha
Mubvunzo:
Funga nezvemhinduro inotevera:
\[ \text{2NO}_2\text{(g)} \rightleftharpoons \text{N}_2\text{O}_4\text{(g)} + \text{Heat} \]
Ko kuenzana kuchachinja kuenda kurudyi kana kuruboshwe here kana tembiricha ikawedzera?
Kukurukurirana:
Maitiro ari pamusoro apa ndee exothermic, zvichireva kuti kupisa kunoburitswa sezvo maitiro acho achienderera mberi pakuumbwa kweN2O4 (chigadzirwa). Sekureva kweLe Chatelier's Principle, kana tembiricha yesystem ikawedzera, kuenzana kuchachinja munzira inotora kupisa kuderedza shanduko yetembiricha (munzira ye endothermic).
Muchiitiko ichi, nekuwedzera kwekupisa, kuenzana kuchaenda kuruboshwe, kuenda kuNO2 (reactant), nekuti kudzoserwa kwekuita kunotora kupisa.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 3: Kuchinja kweKuenzana kweKuisa pfungwa
Mubvunzo:
Zvichienderana nemhinduro inotevera yekuenzana:
\[ \text{H}_2\text{(g)} + \text{I}_2\text{(g)} \rightleftharpoons 2\text{HI}\text{(g)} \]
Chii chinoitika ku equilibrium kana tikawedzera H2 yakawanda kusystem?
Kukurukurirana:
Sekureva kweLe Chatelier's Principle, kana huwandu hweimwe yereactants hukawedzera, kuenzana kuchachinja munzira inoderedza shanduko, kureva kuzvigadzirwa.
Muchiitiko ichi, kuwedzera kweH2 kuchaita kuti kuenzana kuende kurudyi, kuchienda pakuumbwa kweHI yakawanda.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 4: Mhedzisiro yekuwedzera Catalyst paEquilibrium
Mubvunzo:
Kuwedzerwa kwe catalyst kunokanganisa sei nzvimbo ye equilibrium mu equilibrium reaction inotevera?
\[ \text{2SO}_2\text{(g)} + \text{O}_2\text{(g)} \rightleftharpoons 2\text{SO}_3\text{(g)} \]
Kukurukurirana:
MaCatalyst anowedzera mwero wekuita kwese kwese kwekuita kwemberi nekwekudzokera shure nekuderedza simba rekuita kuti zvinhu zvishande. Zvisinei, maCatalyst haakanganisi nzvimbo yekuenzanisa; anongobatsira sisitimu kusvika pakuenzana nekukurumidza. Saka, kuwedzera catalyst hakuzochinji nzvimbo yekuenzanisa.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 5: Kuenzana Mumhinduro
Mubvunzo:
Zvichienderana nekuita kweionization kweHF acid isina simba mumvura:
\[ \text{HF(aq)} \rightleftharpoons \text{H}^+\text{(aq)} + \text{F}^-\text{(aq)} \]
Chii chinoitika kune equilibrium position kana magiramu mashoma eNaF (ayo akazara ionized kuita Na+ uye F-) akawedzerwa muHF solution?
Kukurukurirana:
Kuwedzerwa kweNaF kuchawedzera huwandu hweF-ions mumushonga. Sekureva kweLe Chatelier's Principle, kuwedzera huwandu hwechigadzirwa (F-) kuchaita kuti equilibrium iende kuruboshwe (zvichikonzera kuumbwa kweHF) kuderedza shanduko.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 6: Kuenzana uye pH
Mubvunzo:
Zvichienderana nemhinduro inotevera yekuenzana:
\[ \text{CO}_2\text{(g)} + \text{H}_2\text{O(l)} \rightleftharpoons \text{H}_2\text{CO}_3\text{(aq)} \]
Kuchinja kwe pH yemhinduro kunokanganisa sei kuenzana?
Kukurukurirana:
Kuiswa kweH2CO3 mumvura kunogadzira H+ ions uye bicarbonate ions (HCO3-):
\[ \text{H}_2\text{CO}_3\text{(aq)} \rightleftharpoons \text{H}^+\text{(aq)} + \text{HCO}_3^-\text{(aq)} \]
Kana pH yemushonga ikadzikira (acid yakawanda / kuwedzera muH +), kuenzana kwemvura yeCO2 kuenda kuH2CO3 kuchachinja kuenda pakuderedzwa kwemaion eH +, kureva, kuenda kuma reactants (CO2 neH2O). Kana pH ikawedzera (yakanyanya kudzika / kudzikira muH +), kuenzana kuchachinja kuenda kune zvigadzirwa (H2CO3) zvinogadzira H + yakawanda kuti zvitsivire shanduko yacho.
Kukurukurirana uku kwese pamusoro pekuenzana kwemakemikari kucharatidza kuti shanduko mukumanikidzwa, tembiricha, kuwanda, kuwedzerwa kwezvinokonzera simba, uye mamiriro emushonga zvinokanganisa sei nzvimbo yekuenzana, zvichitevedzera Mutemo waLe Chatelier. Kunzwisisa musimboti uyu kwakakosha mukushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwemakemikari, kubva kumaindasitiri kusvika kutsvagurudzo yerabhoritari.
Nekunzwisisa musimboti wekuenzana uye mibvunzo yakasiyana-siyana yemuenzaniso netsananguro, unotarisirwa kukwanisa kuona nekuongorora mamiriro chaiwo ane chekuita nekuenzana zviri nani mumamiriro ese edzidzo uye anoshanda!
