Mienzaniso yeMibvunzo Inokurukura nezveMagnetic Fields
Simba remagineti ipfungwa huru mufizikisi inotsanangura kuti masimba emagineti anoshanda sei nezvinhu zvine magineti kana kuti magetsi anofamba. Kudzidza nezvesimba remagineti kwakakosha zvikuru nekuti kune mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana, kubva kumidziyo yemagetsi kusvika kune yekurapa kusvika kundege. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura mienzaniso yakati wandei yemibvunzo yekudzidza nezvesimba remagineti pamwe chete nehurukuro yaro nemhinduro, izvo zvatinotarisira kuti zvichakubatsira kunzwisisa pfungwa iyi zviri nani.
Kunzwisisa Magnetic Fields
Kazhinji, simba remagineti rinogona kugadzirwa nemagneti inogara iripo kana magetsi ari kuyerera muwaya. Simba resimba remagineti pane imwe nzvimbo rinoverengerwa uchishandisa mutemo weBiot-Savart kana mutemo weAmpere, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. Simba remagineti rinoratidzwa nevector B uye rine mayuniti eTesla (T).
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nekukurukurirana
Mubvunzo 1: Munda weMagineti uri Pakati peDenderedzwa Rinotakura Magetsi
Mubvunzo: Verengai hukuru hwesimba remagineti pakati pechitenderedzwa chewaya chine radius R uye chine current I.
Kukurukurirana:
Simba remagineti riri pakati pedenderedzwa rewaya rinogona kuverengwa uchishandisa mutemo weBiot-Savart unoti:
\[ B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2R} \]
di mana:
– \( \mu_0 \) = kubvumidzwa kwemuchina wevacuum ( \( \mu_0 = 4\pi \times 10^{-7} \, \text{T m/A} \) )
– I = magetsi ari mudenderedzwa
– R = nharaunda yedenderedzwa
Ngatitii R = 0,1 m uye I = 5 A, saka hukuru hwesimba remagineti riri pakati pechitenderedzo ndeichi:
\[ B = \frac{4\pi \nguva 10^{-7} \nguva 5}{2 \nguva 0,1} = \frac{2\pi \nguva 10^{-6}}{0,1} = 2\pi \nguva 10^{-5} \, \text{T} \]
Saka, hukuru hwesimba remagineti riri pakati pechitenderedzo hunenge \( 6,28 \times 10^{-5} \, \text{T} \).
Mubvunzo 2: Magnetic Field Pamwe Newaya Inotakura Mari Yakatwasuka
Mubvunzo: Tsvaga simba remagineti uri kure ne d kubva pawaya refu yakatwasuka inotakura magetsi I.
Kukurukurirana:
Kuti tisimbise simba remagineti rakatenderedza waya inotakura magetsi yakatwasuka, tinoshandisa mutemo weAmpere, unonzi:
\[ B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi d} \]
di mana:
– \( \mu_0 \) = kubvumidzwa kwemuchina wevacuum
– I = magetsi ari muwaya
– d = chinhambwe kubva pawaya
Ngatitii I = 10 A uye d = 0,02 m, zvino:
\[ B = \frac{4\pi \nguva 10^{-7} \nguva 10}{2\pi \nguva 0,02} = \frac{4 \nguva 10^{-6} \nguva 10}{0,02} = 2 \nguva 10^{-4} \, \text{T} \]
Saka, hukuru hwesimba remagineti riri kure nemamita 0,02 kubva pawaya ndi \( 2 \times 10^{-4} \, \text{T} \).
Mubvunzo 3: Magnetic Field iri pakati peWaya mbiri dzinotakura magetsi dziri padivi rimwe chete
Mubvunzo: Waya mbiri dzinotakura magetsi dzakafanana dzinoparadzaniswa nedaro d uye imwe neimwe inotakura magetsi I1 neI2. Sarudza simba remagineti pakati pewaya mbiri idzi.
Kukurukurirana:
Kuti tiverenge simba remagineti riri pakati pewaya mbiri, tinofanira kufunga nezvegwara uye hukuru hwesimba remagineti rinogadzirwa newaya imwe neimwe.
Ngatitii I1 = 5 A uye I2 = 10 A, uye daro riri pakati pewaya mbiri iri 0,1 m. Ipapo daro kubva pakati kusvika pawaya yega yega i0,05 m. Zvichibva pamutemo weAmpere:
Munda wemagineti wewaya 1 (B1) pakati:
\[ B_1 = \frac{\mu_0 I_1}{2\pi (d/2)} = \frac{4\pi \times 10^{-7} \times 5}{2\pi \times 0,05} = 2 \times 10^{-5} \, \text{T} \]
Munda wemagineti wewaya 2 (B2) pakati:
\[ B_2 = \frac{\mu_0 I_2}{2\pi (d/2)} = \frac{4\pi \times 10^{-7} \times 10}{2\pi \times 0,05} = 4 \times 10^{-5} \, \text{T} \]
Sezvo minda miviri yemagineti iri kumativi akasiyana pakati penzvimbo, hukuru hwesimba remagineti rose pakati penzvimbo ndiyo musiyano uripo pakati peB2 neB1:
\[ B_{\text{total}} = B_2 – B_1 = 4 \times 10^{-5} – 2 \times 10^{-5} = 2 \times 10^{-5} \, \text{T} \]
Saka, hukuru hwesimba remagineti pakati pewaya mbiri idzi ndi \( 2 \times 10^{-5} \, \text{T} \).
Mubvunzo 4: Munda weMagineti Mukati meSolenoid
Mubvunzo: Verenga simba remagineti riri mukati me solenoid refu ine n turns pahurefu hweyuniti uye inotakura current I.
Kukurukurirana:
Kune solenoid refu, simba remagineti riri musolenoid rinenge risingachinji uye rinoverengerwa uchishandisa equation:
\[ B = \mu_0 n I \]
di mana:
– \( \mu_0 \) = kubvumidzwa kwemuchina wevacuum
– n = nhamba yekutenderera pamita imwe neimwe
– I = magetsi emagetsi
Ngatitii solenoid ine matendererero chiuru pamita imwe neimwe uye magetsi e2 A anoyerera, saka:
\[ B = 4\pi \nguva 10^{-7} \nguva 1000 \nguva 2 = 8\pi \nguva 10^{-4} \, \text{T} \]
\[ B = 8 \kawa 3.14 \kawa 10^{-4} = 25.12 \kawa 10^{-4} \, \text{T} \]
Saka, simba remagineti riri mukati me solenoid rinenge \( 2.51 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{T} \).
Mhedziso
Kunzwisisa masimba emagineti ndicho chinhu chakakosha pakushandiswa kwakawanda kwetekinoroji yemazuva ano. Kuburikidza nemienzaniso iyi, vaverengi vachanzwisisa zviri nani mashandiro anoita masimba emagineti mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana, akadai setambo yakatenderera, waya yakatwasuka, waya mbiri dzakafanana, uye solenoid. Kuramba uchiita zvinhu nematambudziko akasiyana-siyana nemamiriro ezvinhu kuchasimbisa pfungwa iyi.
