Mibvunzo yeMienzaniso neKukurukurirana kweMinda yeMagetsi
Munda wemagetsi ipfungwa huru mufizikisi inotsanangura mhedzisiro yechinhu chine simba remagetsi panzvimbo yakapoteredza. Munda wemagetsi isimba rinoshandiswa panzvimbo yega yega muchadenga nekuvapo kwesimba iroro. Kuti unzwisise pfungwa iyi zvakadzama, kudzidzira kwakasimba kunowanzodiwa. Pazasi pane mienzaniso yezvinetso uye hurukuro dzakadzama nezveminda yemagetsi.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 1: Kuverenga Hukuru hweMunda weMagetsi paPoindi
Mubvunzo:
Mapoinzi maviri anochaja \( q_1 = +4 \mu C \) uye \( q_2 = -8 \mu C \) anoiswa pamakoneti (0, 0) uye (0, 2) mamita. Verenga hukuru negwara remagetsi panzvimbo A iri pamamita (0, 1).
Kukurukurirana:
1. Sarudza daro riri pakati pepoindi A nezvinopomerwa zviviri:
– Chinhambwe kubva pa (q_1 \) kusvika papoindi A imita imwe chete.
– Chinhambwe kubva pa (q_2 \) kusvika papoindi A imita imwe chete.
2. Verenga simba remagetsi rinokonzerwa nekuchaja kwega kwega panzvimbo A:
Munda wemagetsi unokonzerwa nekuchaja kwepoindi \( q \) uri kure \( r \) ndewekuti:
\[ E = \frac{k \cdot |q|}{r^2} \]
ye \( q_1 \) uye \( q_2 \):
\[ E_1 = \frac{9 \times 10^9 \cdot 4 \times 10^{-6}}{1^2} = 36 \times 10^3 \, \text{N/C} \]
\[ E_2 = \frac{9 \times 10^9 \cdot 8 \times 10^{-6}}{1^2} = 72 \times 10^3 \, \text{N/C} \]
3. Sarudza divi remunda wemagetsi:
Sezvo \(q_1 \) iri positive charge, nzvimbo yayo yemagetsi inonongedzera kure necharge, saka \(E_1 \) iri munzira ye y-positive (kumusoro).
Sezvo \(q_2 \) iri negative charge, simba remagetsi riri pacharge, saka \(E_2 \) riri munzira ye y-negative (richidzika).
4. Verengai munda wemagetsi unobuda:
Sezvo \( E_1 \) uye \( E_2 \) zviri pamutsetse wakatwasuka, tinogona kubvisa minda yemagetsi:
\[ E_{\ zvinyorwa{zvakazara}} = E_2 – E_1 \]
\[ E_{\text{total}} = 72 \kawa 10^3 – 36 \kawa 10^3 \]
\[ E_{\text{total}} = 36 \kawa 10^3 \, \text{N/C} \]
Kutungamira kwesimba remagetsi kuri kuenda ku negative y-axis (pasi).
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 2: Kuverenga Simba reMagetsi Padanho Ripi
Mubvunzo:
Mapoinzi maviri anochaja \( q_1 = +2 \mu C \) uye \( q_2 = +3 \mu C \) anoiswa pamakoneti (0, 0) uye (4, 0) mamita. Verenga simba remagetsi panzvimbo B iri pamamita (2, 0).
Kukurukurirana:
1. Sarudza daro riri pakati pepoindi B nezvinochaja zviviri:
– Chinhambwe kubva pa (q_1 \) kusvika pa poindi B i2 metres.
– Chinhambwe kubva pa (q_2 \) kusvika pa poindi B i2 metres.
2. Verenga simba remagetsi rinokonzerwa nekuchaja kwega kwega panzvimbo B:
Simba remagetsi rinokonzerwa nekuchaja kwepoindi \( q \) kure \( r \) nderinotevera:
\[ V = \frac{k \cdot q}{r} \]
ye \( q_1 \) uye \( q_2 \):
\[ V_1 = \frac{9 \times 10^9 \cdot 2 \times 10^{-6}}{2} = 9 \times 10^3 \, \text{V} \]
\[ V_2 = \frac{9 \times 10^9 \cdot 3 \times 10^{-6}}{2} = 13.5 \times 10^3 \, \text{V} \]
3. Verenga huwandu hwese hwemagetsi ari papoindi B:
Simba remagetsi (electric potential) inhamba inokatyamadza, saka simba rose (total potential) inhamba ye algebraic yesimba iri:
\[ V_{\text{total}} = V_1 + V_2 \]
\[ V_{\text{total}} = 9 \kawa 10^3 + 13.5 \kawa 10^3 \]
\[ V_{\text{total}} = 22.5 \kawa 10^3 \, \text{V} \]
Muenzaniso 3: Munda weMagetsi muDielectric Material
Mubvunzo:
Kana chaji \( q = 5 \mu C \) yakaiswa pakati pebhora risina chinhu rine radius yemamita matatu iro rakazadzwa zvizere ne dielectric ine dielectric constant \( \kappa = 2 \). Verenga munda wemagetsi uri chinhambwe chemamita maviri kubva pakati pebhora.
Kukurukurirana:
1. Fomura yemunda wemagetsi mune chinhu che dielectric:
Munda wemagetsi \(E \) uri kure \(r \) mune chinhu che dielectric ndewekuti:
\[ E = \frac{q}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 \kappa r^2} \]
apo \( \epsilon_0 = 8.85 \kawa 10^{-12} \) F/m.
2. Isa zvinhu zvakapihwa:
\[ E = \frac{5 \times 10^{-6}}{4 \pi \cdot 8.85 \times 10^{-12} \cdot 2 \cdot (2)^2} \]
\[ E = \frac{5 \times 10^{-6}}{4 \pi \cdot 8.85 \times 10^{-12} \cdot 8} \]
\[ E = \frac{5 \times 10^{-6}}{8 \cdot 3.54 \times 10^{-10}} \]
\[ E = \frac{5 \times 10^{-6}}{28.32 \times 10^{-10}} \]
\[ E = 1.77 \kawa 10^4 \, \mashoko{N/C} \]
Mhedziso
Kuburikidza nemienzaniso iri pamusoro apa, tinogona kuwana kunzwisisa kwakajeka kwepfungwa yeminda yemagetsi. Izvi zvinosanganisira hukuru hweminda yemagetsi panguva imwe nekuda kwekuchaja kwakawanda, kuverengwa kwesimba remagetsi, uye simba remagetsi muzvinhu zve dielectric. Kunzwisisa kwakasimba kwepfungwa iyi kwakakosha nekuti zviitiko zvakawanda zvepanyama zvinogona kutsanangurwa neminda yemagetsi, pamwe nekushandiswa kwayo mutekinoroji yemazuva ano. Ramba uchidzidzira nematambudziko akasiyana-siyana kuti unzwisise pfungwa iyi zvakadzama.
