Mibvunzo Yemuenzaniso Inotsanangura NezveT Lymphocytes uye Cellular Specific Immune Responses
Masisitimu ekudzivirira muviri emunhu ndeimwe yemasisitimu akaomarara uye anonakidza pasi rose. Pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosarudza kushanda kwesisitimu iyi yekudzivirira muviri pane maT lymphocytes, ayo anoita basa guru mukupindura kwesisitimu chaiyo yekudzivirira muviri. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mienzaniso yakati wandei yematambudziko nemhinduro dzawo kuti tinzwisise zvakadzama maT lymphocytes uye mhinduro chaiyo yesisitimu yekudzivirira muviri.
Pendauluan
MaT lymphocytes, anozivikanwawo seT cells, imhando yemasero machena eropa akakosha mukudzivirira kwemuviri kubva kuhutachiona. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzeT lymphocytes, imwe neimwe ine basa rayo muimmune system. T lymphocytes inobatsira mukuita kwemasero ekudzivirira muviri, ayo ari chikamu chesystem yekudzivirira muviri inochinjika, inoshanda zvakanyanya kurwisa mamwe hutachiona.
Mhando dzeT Lymphocytes
Usati wapinda mumibvunzo yemuenzaniso, zvakakosha kuziva mhando huru dzeT lymphocytes:
1. Masero eT anobatsira (CD4+): Anosimudzira mhinduro yemuviri pakurwisa hutachiona nekugadzira ma cytokine anobatsira mamwe masero emuviri.
2. Masero eT ane chepfu (CD8+): Anouraya masero ane hutachiona nemasero egomarara.
3. Masero eT anotonga: Anodzora kana kudzvinyirira mashandiro emuviri kudzivirira kukuvara kwakanyanya.
4. Masero eMemory T: Anochengetedza ruzivo nezvezvirwere zvekare uye anopa mhinduro nekukurumidza kana akaonekwazve.
Mhinduro Yekudzivirira Muviri Yemasero
Mhinduro yekudzivirira muviri kumasero inosanganisira kuziva zvakananga hutachiona hunobva kumasero eT. Izvi zvakasiyana nemhinduro yehumoral inosanganisira kugadzirwa kwemasoja ekudzivirira muviri nemasero eB. Mhinduro yekudzivirira muviri kumasero inokosha pakubata nehutachiona huri mukati memasero hwakadai semavhairasi nemamwe mabhakitiriya.
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nekukurukurirana
Heano mimwe mienzaniso yemibvunzo inogona kubatsira kunzwisisa mashandiro uye mashandiro eT lymphocytes mumhinduro yekudzivirira muviri yemasero.
Mubvunzo 1: Tsanangura basa remasero eHelper T mukuita kwekudzivirira muviri zvakanangana nemasero.
Kukurukurirana: Masero eT Helper (CD4+) anoita basa rakakosha mukubatanidza mhinduro dzemasero uye dzehumoral immune system. Mushure mekugadziriswa nemaantigen anowanikwa kuburikidza nemamorekuru eHistocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II pamasero anounza antigen (APCs), masero eT helper anoburitsa macytokines anobatsira mamwe masero ekudzivirira muviri akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira masero eT ane chepfu, masero eB, uye macrophages. Kugadziriswa kwemasero eT Helper kunokurudzira kuwanda nekusiyanisa kwemasero eT neB, uye kunobatsira mukuumbwa kwendangariro yekudzivirira muviri.
Mubvunzo 2: Masero eT ane chepfu anoziva sei uye anouraya sei masero ane hutachiona?
Kukurukurirana: Masero eT ane chepfu (CD8+) anoziva masero ane hutachiona kuburikidza nemamorekuru eMHC class I, ayo anowanikwa pamasero ese emuviri. Kana sero rabatwa nehutachiona, mapuroteni ehutachiona anogadziriswa uye anounzwa pamusoro pesero kuburikidza neMHC class I. Masero eT ane chepfu ane mareceptor chaiwo eiyi antigen-MHC complex anosunga kune sero rinotarirwa uye anoburitsa perforin nemagranzymes. Perforin inoumba maburi mumembrane yesero rinotarirwa, nepo magranzymes achipinda musero uye anokonzera apoptosis (kufa kwesero kwakarongwa).
Mubvunzo 3: Masero eT anodzora anobatsira sei kudzivirira autoimmune?
Kukurukurirana: Masero eT anodzora anobatsira kudzora mhinduro yemuviri uye kuchengetedza kuenzana kwesimba remuviri kudzivirira kurwiswa kwemasero emuviri. Anoita izvi nekudzvinyirira kushanda uye kuwanda kwemamwe masero eT mushure mekunge njodzi yagadziriswa, kuburikidza nekuburitswa kwema cytokines anodzivirira kuzvimba akadai seIL-10 neTGF-beta. Nekudzvinyirira kushanda kwemasero emuviri asina kunaka, masero eT anodzora akakosha mukudzivirira zvirwere zve autoimmune, mamiriro ezvinhu umo masoja emuviri anorwisa nhengo dzemuviri.
Mubvunzo 4: Basa remasero eT ekurangarira chii uye akasiyana sei nemasero eT effector?
Kukurukurirana: Masero eMemory T chikamu chakakosha chemhinduro yekudzivirira muviri kwenguva refu. Kana hutachiona hwapera, mamwe masero eT anoramba achitenderera semasero ememory T. Anokwanisa kupindura nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira kana akasangana neantigen imwe chete mune ramangwana. Masero eMemory T akasiyana nemasero eT anobatsira nekukurumidza uye simba remhinduro yawo. Masero eMemory T anogona kugara kwenguva yakareba mumuviri uye kupa dziviriro kwemakore, achiita basa rakakosha mukubudirira kwekubaiwa majekiseni.
Mhedziso
MaT lymphocytes anoita basa guru mukudzivirira muviri kubva kunjodzi dzekunze kuburikidza nemhinduro dzemuviri dzekudzivirira muviri. Kunzwisisa basa remasero eT anobatsira, ane chepfu, anotonga, uye anoyeuka kunopa mufananidzo wakakwana wekuti masoja emuviri anobata sei hutachiona. Kukurukurirana kwemibvunzo yemuenzaniso iri pamusoro apa kunotarisirwa kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwedu kukosha kwebasa remasero eT uye nzira dzawo mukuchengetedza hutano hwemuviri. Tsvakurudzo iri kuenderera mberi mu immunology inogona kuvhura mukana wekuvandudzwa kwemishonga mitsva inoshandisa nzira dzemasero eT kurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.
