Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso uye Kukurukurirana kweSingle Data Quartiles
MaQuartiles muhuwandu hwedata chishandiso chinoshandiswa kupatsanura data kuita zvikamu zvina, kana kuti maquartiles, rimwe nerimwe riine huwandu hwakaenzana hwedata. MaQuartiles anowanzo shandiswa kunzwisisa kugoverwa kwedata uye kuenzanisa kukosha mukati medataseti hombe. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura maitiro ekuverenga maquartiles edata rimwe chete tichishandisa mienzaniso yakati wandei. Tichaona kuti quartile yekutanga (Q1), quartile yechipiri (Q2, inozivikanwawo sepakati), uye quartile yechitatu (Q3) inoverengwa uye inodudzirwa sei.
Tsanangudzo yeQuartile
Usati waenderera mberi kumatambudziko emuenzaniso, zvakakosha kunzwisisa tsananguro dzezvikamu zvitatu zvemakota museti yedata:
1. Chikamu Chekutanga Chekota (Q1): Nzvimbo dzedata dziri pasi peQ1 dzinofukidza 25% yedata kubva muhuwandu hwese hwedata.
2. Chikamu Chechipiri Chechikamu (Q2 kana Pakati): Nzvimbo dzedata dziri pasi peQ2 dzinofukidza 50% yedata kubva muhuwandu hwese hwedata.
3. Third Quartile (Q3): Nzvimbo dzedata dziri pasi peQ3 dzinofukidza 75% yedata kubva muhuwandu hwese hwedata.
Matanho Ekuverenga Makota
Kuti uverenge makota, matanho ekutevera anosanganisira:
1. Ronga Data: Ita shuwa kuti data rarongwa kubva padiki kusvika pahukuru.
2. Kusarudza Nzvimbo yeQuartile: Shandisa fomura iyi kuti uone nzvimbo yequartile.
– Nzvimbo yeQ1 = (N+1) / 4
– Nzvimbo yeQ2 = (N+1) / 2
– Nzvimbo yeQ3 = 3(N+1) / 4
Apo N ndiyo nhamba yese yedata.
3. Kutora Quartile Values: Zvichibva panzvimbo dzakaverengerwa, tora kana sanganisa quartile values.
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nekukurukurirana
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 1
Ngatitii pane data rimwe chete rinotevera: 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 18, 21, 23, 29.
Danho 1: Kuronga Data
Data rakarongwa: 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 18, 21, 23, 29
Danho rechipiri: Sarudza nzvimbo yemakota
Nhamba yedata (N) i10.
– Chinzvimbo Q1 = (10+1) / 4 = 11/4 = 2.75
– Chinzvimbo Q2 = (10+1) / 2 = 11/2 = 5.5
– Chinzvimbo Q3 = 3(10+1) / 4 = 33/4 = 8.25
Danho rechitatu: Kutora Quartile Values
– Mubvunzo 1: Nzvimbo 2.75 inoratidza kuti Mubvunzo 1 uri pakati pedata rechipiri nerechitatu munhevedzano. Mubvunzo wechipiri ndewechinomwe uye mubvunzo wechitatu ndewesere. Saka, Mubvunzo 1 = 7 + 0.75(8-7) = 7.75.
– Mubvunzo wechipiri (wepakati): Chinzvimbo 5.5 chinoratidza kuti mubvunzo wechipiri uri pakati pemashoko echishanu neechitanhatu. Mashoko echishanu ndeegumi nematatu uye mashoko echitanhatu ndeegumi nemana. Saka, mubvunzo wechipiri = 13 + 0.5(14-13) = 13.5.
– Mubvunzo 3: Nzvimbo 8.25 inoratidza kuti Mubvunzo 3 uri pakati pemashoko echisere neechipfumbamwe. Mashoko echisere ndeemakumi maviri nerimwe uye mashoko echipfumbamwe ndeemakumi maviri nematatu. Saka, Mubvunzo 3 = 21 + 0.25(23-21) = 21.5.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 2
Ruzivo runotevera rwunopihwa: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22.
Danho 1: Kuronga Data
Data rakarongwa: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22
Danho rechipiri: Sarudza nzvimbo yemakota
Nhamba yedata (N) i11.
– Chinzvimbo Q1 = (11+1) / 4 = 12/4 = 3
– Chinzvimbo Q2 = (11+1) / 2 = 12/2 = 6
– Chinzvimbo Q3 = 3(11+1) / 4 = 36/4 = 9
Danho rechitatu: Kutora Quartile Values
– Mubvunzo 1: Chinzvimbo 3 zvinoreva kuti Mubvunzo 1 ndiyo data rechi3. Saka Mubvunzo 1 = 6.
– Mubvunzo wechipiri (wepakati): Chinzvimbo 6 zvinoreva kuti mubvunzo wechipiri ndiyo data rechitanhatu. Saka mubvunzo wechipiri = 12.
– Mubvunzo 3: Chinzvimbo 9 zvinoreva kuti Mubvunzo 3 ndiyo data rechi9. Saka Mubvunzo 3 = 18.
Kududzira Quartiles
Kana kukosha kweQ1, Q2, uye Q3 kwawanikwa, tinogona kuashandisa kuongorora data racho. Semuenzaniso:
1. Interquartile Range (IQR): Ndiwo musiyano uripo pakati peQ3 neQ1. IQR = Q3 - Q1. IQR inoshandiswa kuona kugoverwa kwedata uye kuona zvinhu zvisingawanikwe.
2. Zvinhu Zvisingawanikwe: Data riri kure nedzimwe data rinogona kuzivikanwa uchishandisa miganhu yakaderera neyepamusoro.
– Muganho wakaderera = Q1 – 1.5 IQR
– Muganho wepamusoro = Q3 + 1.5 IQR
Ruzivo rwuri kunze kwemiganhu iyi runoonekwa serwakasiyana.
Kushandiswa kweIQR muMuenzaniso weMubvunzo 1
– IQR = Q3 – Q1 = 21.5 – 7.75 = 13.75
– Muganho wakaderera = 7.75 – 1.5(13.75) = 7.75 – 20.625 = -12.875
– Muganho wepamusoro = 21.5 + 1.5(13.75) = 21.5 + 20.625 = 42.125
Data -12.875 kusvika 42.125 igoverwo yakajairika isina zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki mumuenzaniso wemubvunzo wechipiri.
Kushandiswa kweIQR muMuenzaniso weMubvunzo 2
– IQR = Q3 – Q1 = 18 – 6 = 12
– Muganho wakaderera = 6 – 1.5(12) = 6 – 18 = -12
– Muganho wepamusoro = 18 + 1.5(12) = 18 + 18 = 36
Data -12 kusvika 36 igoverwo yakajairika isina zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki mumuenzaniso wemubvunzo wechipiri.
Mhedziso
Kunzwisisa nekuverenga makota kunobatsira kuona kugoverwa kwedata uye kuongorora zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugoverwa kwedata. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora matanho anobatanidzwa mukuverenga makota edata rimwe chete kuburikidza nematambudziko akati wandei emuenzaniso uye hurukuro yawo. Matanho aya anosanganisira kurongedza data, kuona nzvimbo yemakota, uye kuverenga kukosha kwekota kwakakodzera. Kana ikashandiswa nemazvo, makota anova chishandiso chakakosha chekuongorora muhuwandu hwekuwana kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwedata.
