Mibvunzo nekukurukurirana kwemuenzaniso weColloid
Colloid inzira iyo chinhu chimwe chinopararira zvakaenzana mune chimwe chinhu. Colloidal systems inowira pakati pezvinhu zviviri zvakanyanyisa: mhinduro dzechokwadi uye coarse suspensions. Colloids dzine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye mumaindasitiri, zvichiita kuti ive nyaya inonakidza yekudzidza mu chemistry. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora mienzaniso nehurukuro yavo pamusoro pe colloids kuti tinzwisise zvakadzama.
Tsanangudzo yeColloid
Tisati tanyatsoongorora matambudziko emuenzaniso, zvakakosha kunzwisisa zvakakosha zvemacolloid. Macolloid ane zvikamu zviviri: chikamu chakapararira (chinhu chinopararira) uye nzvimbo yekupararira (chinhu umo chikamu chakapararira chinopararira). Zvichienderana nemhando yekudyidzana pakati pechikamu chakapararira nechikamu chekupararira, macolloid anogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakaita sema sols (mvura iri mugasi), ma aerosols (yakasimba kana mvura iri mugasi), ma emulsions (mvura iri mumvura), uye ma gels (yakasimba mumvura).
Hunhu hweColloids
MaColloids ane zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoasiyanisa kubva kune mhinduro dzechokwadi uye suspensions, zvinoti:
– Tyndall Effect: Kupararira kwechiedza nezvidimbu zvecolloidal.
– Kufamba kwebrownian: Kufamba kwezvikamu zvecolloidal zvisina kurongeka munzvimbo inopararira.
– Kubatana: Kuungana kwezvikamu zvecolloidal pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, akadai sekuvapo kwema electrolytes.
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nekukurukurirana
Heano mimwe mienzaniso yemibvunzo nehurukuro pamusoro pemakororodhi.
Mubvunzo 1: Mhedzisiro yeTyndall
Mubvunzo: Tsanangura zvinorehwa neTyndall Effect muma colloidal systems uye ipa mienzaniso muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Kukurukurirana: Mhedzisiro yeTyndall chiitiko chekupararira kwechiedza nezvidimbu zvecolloidal zvakakura zvakakwana kuparadzira chiedza asi zvisinganyungudike muchikamu chinoparadzira. Izvi zvinoita kuti mwenje wechiedza unopfuura nemucolloid uite sewakapararira wogadzira nzira yakajeka.
Mienzaniso yehupenyu hwezuva nezuva:
– Mwaranzi wezuva uchipinda nepahwindo uchipfuura nepakamuri rine guruva.
– Marambi emotokari ari kupenya mhute.
Mhedzisiro yeTyndall inokosha pakuziva macolloids nekuti mhinduro dzechokwadi hadziratidzi chiitiko ichi.
Mubvunzo 2: Kufamba kweBrownian
Mubvunzo: Chii chinorehwa nekufamba kweBrownian muchimiro checolloids, uye chiitiko ichi chingaonekwa sei?
Kukurukurirana: Kufamba kwebrownian kufamba kusingatarisirwi uye kunoramba kuripo kwezvikamu zvecolloidal kunoitika nekuda kwekusangana nemamorekuru enzvimbo inopararira. Kufamba uku kwakaonekwa kekutanga nenyanzvi yemiti Robert Brown muna 1827 paakaona tsanga dzemupollen mumvura.
Kucherechedzwa kweBrownian Motion:
Kufamba kwebrownian kunogona kuonekwa uchishandisa ultramicroscope yakatarisana nezvidimbu zvecolloidal zviri mumvura. Semuenzaniso, zvidimbu zveinki zvakapararira mumvura zvinoita sekunge zvinodedera uye zvinofamba zvisina tsarukano kana zvikaonekwa pasi pemaikorosikopu.
Kufamba kwebrownian kunoratidza kuti zvidimbu zvecolloidal hazvigadzikane nekukurumidza kunyangwe zvakakura kupfuura mamorekuru echinhu chinoparadzira.
Mubvunzo 3: Mhando dzeColloids
Mubvunzo: Doma uye tsanangura mhando nhatu dzemakorodhi zvichibva pachikamu chakapararira uye nzira yekupararira.
Kukurukurirana:
1. Sol:
– Yakasimba muLiquid: Solid solid imhando ye colloid umo chikamu chakapararira chiri zvidimbu zvakasimba zvakapararira mune mvura. Mienzaniso inosanganisira gold sols uye pendi sols.
– Mvura iri muGasi: MaAerosols emvura rudzi rwemvura umo zvidimbu zvemvura zvinopararira mugasi. Mienzaniso inosanganisira mhute nemakore.
2. Emulsion:
– Mvura iri Mumvura: Emulsion imhando ye colloid umo chikamu chakapararira chinosanganisira zvidimbu zvemvura zvakapararira mumvura. Mienzaniso inosanganisira mukaka, inova emulsion yemafuta ari mumvura, uye mayonnaise, inova emulsion yemafuta ari mumvura.
3. Gel:
– Yakasimba Mumvura: Gel imhando ye colloid umo chikamu chakapararira chinosanganisira zvidimbu zvakasimba zvinokura uye zvinonwisa mvura, zvichigadzira sisitimu yakaoma zvishoma. Mienzaniso inosanganisira jellies negelatin.
Mubvunzo 4: Kugadzirira Colloid
Mubvunzo: Tsanangura nzira dzinogona kushandiswa pakugadzirira colloid uye ipa mienzaniso.
Kukurukurirana: Nzira yekugadzira macolloid inogona kukamurwa kuita miviri, inoti nzira yekudziyisa mvura uye nzira yekuparadzira.
1. Nzira yeKunyorovesa:
– Maitiro Emakemikari: Kushandisa maitiro emakemikari kugadzira zvidimbu zvecolloidal kubva kumamorekuru madiki. Muenzaniso: Maitiro ehydrolysis ealuminium chloride anoburitsa aruminiyamu hydroxide sol.
– Kupera kweTembiricha: Kuderedza tembiricha yemushonga, kuitira kuti musanganiswa uparare sezvikamu zvecolloidal sezvo tembiricha ichidzikira. Muenzaniso: Utsi hweorganic mumhepo inotonhora hunogadzira maaerosols.
2. Nzira yekuparadzira:
– Kugaya: Kushandisa chigayo kana kuti mortar kuparadzira zvidimbu zvakasimba kuita saizi ye colloidal. Muenzaniso: Kugadzira calcium carbonate sol nekukuya limestone mumvura.
– Peptization: Kuwedzerwa kwechinhu chinogona kugadzira colloid kubva mu coarse suspension. Muenzaniso: Kuwedzera huwandu hushoma hweHCl kune Fe(OH)3 precipitate kunoichinja kuita Fe(OH)3 sol.
Mubvunzo 5: Kubatana kweColloid
Mubvunzo: Zvinorevei kuvharika kwecolloid uye taura nzira mbiri dzekuvharika kwecolloids.
Kukurukurirana: Kubatana kwemasero (colloidal particles) inzira iyo masero emuviri (colloidal particles) anobatana kuita masero makuru kuti agone kugara zvakanaka. Maitiro aya anogona kukonzerwa nekuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana mumamiriro ezvinhu, akadai sekuwedzera kwema electrolytes kana kuchinja kwekupisa.
Maitiro ekubatanidza ma colloids:
1. Kuwedzera maElectrolyte: MaIon anobva kumaelectrolyte anodzima simba remacolloidal particles, zvichideredza simba rinodzinga pakati pemaparticles kuitira kuti akwanise kuungana nekudzika. Muenzaniso: Kuwedzera NaCl kuAgI sol kunokonzera kuvharika.
2. Kupisa: Kuwedzera tembiricha kuchawedzera simba rekufamba kwezvikamu zvecolloidal kuitira kuti kuroverana pakati pezvimedu kuwedzere kusimba, zvichiita kuti zviungane uye zviite sezvisingaonekwe. Muenzaniso: Kupisa Fe(OH)3 sol kunokonzera kuvharika.
Nekunzwisisa nekushanda nemibvunzo iri pamusoro, zvinotarisirwa kuti muchavandudza kunzwisisa kwenyu nezve colloids nemaitiro avo. Colloids, sechikamu chakakosha chekemikari, inoita basa rakakosha mukushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakudya nezvizoro kusvika kuzvinhu zvetekinoroji yepamusoro.
