Muenzaniso weMibvunzo yeKukurukurirana yeMagineti
Magnetism chiitiko chakakosha uye chinonakidza chekudzidza mufizikisi. Chiitiko ichi chine chekuita nemasimba anoitika pakati pemagineti nezvimwe zvinhu. Kazhinji, magnetism inogona kutsanangurwa kuburikidza nepfungwa dzesimba remagineti, mitsetse yesimba remagineti, uye kudyidzana kuripo pakati pemagineti nemagineti nezvinhu zveferromagnetic, paramagnetic, uye diamagnetic. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mimwe mienzaniso yematambudziko nehurukuro dzawo dzine chekuita nenyaya yemagnetism.
Mubvunzo 1: Kuziva Matanda Emagineti
Mubvunzo: Magineti ine matanda maviri, danda rekuchamhembe nedanda rekuchamhembe. Tsanangura kuti ungaziva sei matanda emagineti uchishandisa kambasi.
Kukurukurirana:
Kuti uone matanda emagineti ebhawa, shandisa kambasi. Heano matanho ekutevera:
1. Isa kambasi pedyo nemugumo webhawa remagineti.
2. Tarisa tsono yekambasi inoratidza kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba.
3. Nheyo yemagineti inokwezva mugumo wekuchamhembe kwetsono yekambasi ndiyo nhare yekumaodzanyemba yemagineti, nekuti nhare yekuchamhembe yetsono yekambasi (iyo iri nhare yekumaodzanyemba yemagineti yekambasi) inokwezvwa nenhongo yekumaodzanyemba yemagineti.
4. Nenzira imwecheteyo, fambisa kambasi kuenda kune rimwe divi remagineti ebhawa wodzokorora zvawakaona. Mugumo wemagineti unokwezva danda rekumaodzanyemba kwetsono yekambasi idanda rekuchamhembe remagineti, nekuti danda rekuchamhembe retsono yekambasi rinokwezvwa nedanda rekumaodzanyemba remagineti.
Mubvunzo 2: Simba reMagineti Rakatenderedza Waya Inotakura Mari Yakatwasuka
Mubvunzo: Waya refu yakatwasuka inotakura magetsi e5 A. Tsvaga divi resimba remagineti rakatenderedza waya panzvimbo iri 10 cm kubva pawaya.
Kukurukurirana:
Simba remagineti rakatenderedza waya yakatwasuka rinogona kuzivikanwa uchishandisa mutemo weruoko rwerudyi. Heino maitiro:
1. Bata waya neruoko rwako rwerudyi, chigunwe chako chinoratidza divi rekuyerera kwemagetsi (kubva pane zvakanaka kusvika pane zvakaipa).
2. Kutungamira kwemasipokisi akapoteredzwa newaya kunoratidza kutungamira kwesimba remagineti.
Semuenzaniso, kana magetsi akatungamirirwa kumusoro (zvichienderana nechigunwe chikuru), ipapo panzvimbo iri 10 cm kubva pawaya, simba remagineti richatenderera munzira yekufamba kwemunwe weruoko rwerudyi:
– Kana poindi iri pamberi pewaya, simba remagineti rinonongedzera mukati (kune bepa/chidzitiro).
– Kana poindi iri kuseri kwewaya, simba remagineti rinonongedzera kunze (kubva papepa/pachidzitiro).
Mubvunzo 3: Simba raLorentz paZvidimbu Zvinotakura Current
Mubvunzo: Chidimbu chakachajwa (+1.6 × 10^-19 C) chichifamba nekumhanya kwe2 × 10^6 m/s chinopinda mumunda wemagineti we0.01 T wakatungamirwa kunze kubva papeji. Sarudza hukuru uye gwara resimba reLorentz rinoonekwa nechinhu ichi.
Kukurukurirana:
Simba reLorentz riri pachinhu chakachajwa mumunda wemagineti rinogona kuratidzwa ne equation \( \vec{F} = q \vec{v} \times \vec{B} \).
– Kuchaja kwezvikamu, \(q\) = +1.6 × 10^-19 C
– Kumhanya kwezvikamu, \( \vec{v} \) = 2 × 10^6 m/s (inofungidzirwa kuti iri kudivi re x)
– Simba remagineti, \( \vec{B} \) = 0.01 T (kunze kwepeji, kuenda ku-z-axis)
Kuti simba ritungamirirwe:
1. Shandisa mutemo weruoko rwerudyi zvakare kuti upfuure velocity vector (\( \vec{v} \)) uye magnetic field (\( \vec{B} \)).
2. Minwe yeruoko rwerudyi inotevera divi rekumhanya (x-axis), peta minwe ichienda kunze kwepepa (zvichienderana nesimba remagineti rez-axis), ipapo chigunwe chikuru chinopa divi reLorentz force (y-axis).
Hukuru hwesimba reLorentz \( F \) hunogona kuverengerwa seizvi:
\[ F = q \cdot v \cdot B \cdot \sin \theta \]
Sezvo \( \theta \) = 90° (kumhanya kwakatarisana nesimba remagineti),
\[ F = (1.6 \kawa 10^{-19} C) \cdot (2 \kawa 10^6 m/s) \cdot (0.01 T) \sin (90°) \]
\[ F = 3.2 \kawa 10^{-21} N \]
Kutungamira kwesimba kunoenderana nekupeta kwemunwe (kurudyi = positive y-axis).
Mubvunzo 4: Munda weMagineti uri Pakati peSolenoid
Mubvunzo: Zvinozivikanwa kuti solenoid refu ine matenderere mazana mashanu ine hurefu hwe 0.5 m inotakura magetsi e2 A. Verenga hukuru hwesimba remagineti riri pakati pesolenoid.
Kukurukurirana:
Simba remagineti riri mukati me solenoid refu rinogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa fomura:
\[ B = \mu_0 n I \]
Dimana:
– \( B \): hukuru hwesimba remagineti mukati me solenoid (Tesla)
– \( \mu_0 \): chiyero chekubvumidzwa kwevacuum permeability (\(4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \: T \cdot m/A\))
– \( n \): nhamba yekutenderera pahurefu hweyuniti (kutenderera/mita), yakagadzirwa se \( n = \frac{N}{L} \)
– \( I \): huwandu hwemagetsi ari kuyerera kuburikidza ne solenoid (Amperes)
Saka,
– \( N = 500 \)
– \( L = 0.5 m \)
– \( n = \frac{500}{0.5} = 1000 \: kutendeuka/m \)
– \( Ini = 2 A \)
Saka,
\[ B = \mu_0 \cdot n \cdot I \]
\[ B = (4 \pi \kawa 10^{-7} T \cdot m/A) \cdot (1000 \: anotendeuka/m) \cdot 2 A \]
\[ B = 8 \pi \kawa 10^{-4} T \]
\[ B \inenge 2.51 \kawa 10^{-3} T \]
Mubvunzo 5: Kupinza Magetsi
Mubvunzo: Koiri ine matenderere mazana maviri uye inoiswa mumunda wemagineti unoshanduka kubva pa0.1 T kuenda ku0.5 T mumasekondi 0.25. Verenga voltage inokonzereswa inogadzirwa mukoiri.
Kukurukurirana:
Kupinza kwemagetsi kunogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa Mutemo waFaraday:
\[ \mathcal{E} = -N \frac{\Delta \Phi_B}{\Delta t} \]
Kupi,
– \( \mathcal{E} \): voltage inokonzerwa (Volts)
– \( N \): nhamba yekutendeuka
– \( \Delta \Phi_B \): shanduko mu magnetic flux (Wb)
– \( \Delta t \): shanduko yenguva (s)
Ne \(\Delta \Phi_B = B \cdot A \); apo A inzvimbo ye coil. Zvisinei, kana nzvimbo yacho isingachinje
\[ \mathcal{E} = -N \cdot \frac{\Delta B \cdot A}{\Delta t} \]
Sezvo \(\Delta B = 0.5 T – 0.1 T = 0.4 T \),
Maka
\[ \mathcal{E} = -200 \cdot \frac{0.4 T \cdot A}{0.25 s} \]
\[ \masvomhu{E} = -320 \cdot A \]
Kana pasina nzvimbo chaiyo yakapihwa (inofungidzirwa kuti yakafanana),
kukosha kwe induction kunoramba kwakabatana zvakananga naA.
Tinovimba kuti mienzaniso iyi yematambudziko emagnetism ichakubatsira kunzwisisa pfungwa uye mashandisirwo anoshanda emagnetism. Maonero aya nenheyo zvinoshandiswa nguva dzose padanho redzidzo dzakasiyana-siyana uye mukutsvaga kwakadzama.
