Mienzaniso yeMibvunzo Inotsanangura Kutsamwa Mumiti
Kutsamwa mumiti ndiko kugona kwemiti kupindura kune zvinokurudzira zvinobva munzvimbo yazvinogara. Kugona uku kwakakosha kuti zvirimwa zvirarame, zvikure, uye zvibereke. Kunyangwe zvirimwa zvingasaita sezvinofamba semhuka, zvine nzira dzakaoma kwazvo dzekugadzirisa zvinhu kuti zvipindure kune zvinokurudzira zvekunze nezvemukati. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mienzaniso yakati wandei ine chekuita nekutsamwa mumiti kuti tiwedzere kunzwisisa kwedu nyaya iyi.
Kunzwisisa Kutsamwa
Kutsamwa, mubhayoloji, kugona kwechisikwa kupindura kune zvinokurudzira zvekunze nezvemukati. Mumiti, kutsamwa kunogona kuonekwa kuburikidza nekufamba kwakasiyana-siyana kana shanduko dzemuviri. Mamwe emhinduro idzi anosanganisira kufamba kuri pachena, sekuvhurwa nekuvharwa kwemashizha, nepo mamwe angave asina kujeka, akadai sekuchinja kwehuwandu hwe photosynthesis.
Muenzaniso ndewe tropism, inova kufamba kwemuti uchienda kana kuti uchienda kure nechinhu chinokukurudzira. Tropism inogona kutora chimiro che phototropism (mhinduro kuchiedza), geotropism (mhinduro kugravity), uye hydrotropism (mhinduro kumvura).
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nekukurukurirana
1. Mubvunzo: Tsanangura kuti phototropism inoitika sei mumiti uye ipa mienzaniso.
Kukurukurirana: Phototropism imhinduro yekukura kwemuti kuchiedza. Maphoton ari mumasero emiti anokurudzira hormone auxin kuti ifambe ichienda kurutivi isingasvikwe nechiedza, zvichiita kuti masero ari kurutivi irworwo arebe nekukurumidza kupfuura ari kurutivi rwakajeka. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chirimwa chinokotama kuenda kunobva chiedza. Muenzaniso wakajeka wephototropism inzira iyo maruva ezuva anozvitungamira nayo kuzuva masikati kuti awedzere kunwa chiedza.
2. Mubvunzo: Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pepfungwa yekuti zvinhu zvinogara kwenguva refu (nosticism) nepfungwa yekuti zvinhu zvinogara kwenguva refu (tropism) mumiti? Ipa muenzaniso wechimwe nechimwe.
Kukurukurirana: Nastic ne tropism zvose zviri zviviri mhando dzemhinduro dzekukura mumiti. Zvisinei, zvakasiyana mukushanda kwadzo uye mhedzisiro yadzo:
– Nasti: Kufamba kwezvikamu zvemiti, asi zvisingaenderane nekwakatangira chinokurudzira. Semuenzaniso, kufamba kweshizha remimosa pudica kana rabatwa. Kufamba uku kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwekukurumidza kwemasero ari pasi peshizha.
– Tropism: Imhinduro yemuti inoenderana nechinhu chinobva kunze (senge chiedza kana simba rinokwevera pasi). Muenzaniso iphototropism, iyo inokonzera kuti muti ukure uchienda kune chiedza.
3. Mubvunzo: Tsanangura mashandiro anoita gravitropism mumidzi yemiti nemabukira.
Kukurukurirana: Gravitropism imhinduro yekukura kwemiti kana yawirwa negiravhiti. Mumiti, gravitropism inobatsira kutungamira kukura kwemidzi pasi uye kupfura kukura kwayo mudenga.
– Mumidzi (positive geotropism): Midzi inokura ichidzika ichienda kugravity ichitsvaga mvura nezvicherwa. Mutemo uyu unowanikwa kuburikidza nekuiswa kwema statoliths, ayo ari maplastid anorema, azere nestarch anoona gravity. Kuiswa uku kunokanganisa kupararira kweauxin, zvichiita kuti masero ari pamusoro pemudzi arebe kupfuura ari pasi, zvichiita kuti mudzi ukotame pasi.
– Mumabukira (negative geotropism): Mabukira anowanzo kukura mudenga kure negravity. Pano zvakare, auxin inoita basa guru nekukurudzira kurebeswa kwemasero pasi pebukira kupfuura pamusoro, zvichiita kuti bukira rikotamire mudenga.
4. Mubvunzo: Ndeipi nzira yekupindura yekuvharika kwemashizha muchimera chemimosa uye basa rayo rekushanduka-shanduka nderei?
Kukurukurirana: Chirimwa chinonzwa (Mimosa pudica) chinoratidza mhinduro yekushatirwa inonzi thigmonasty kana seismonasty, iyo inosanganisira kuvhara mashizha acho kana abatwa. Maitiro aya anosanganisira kuchinja kwe turgor mu pulvinus, chimiro chidiki chiri pasi peshizha. Kana shizha rakurudzirwa nekubata, maion e potassium (K+) anoburitswa mumasero ari mu pulvinus, zvichideredza simba re osmotic mukati mesero uye zvichiita kuti mvura ibude musero, izvo zvinoita kuti turgor nemashizha zvidzike.
Basa rekushanduka-shanduka kwemhinduro iyi ringave rekudzivirira chirimwa kubva kumhuka dzinodya zvinomera. Kuvhara mashizha nekukurumidza kunogona kuita kuti chirimwa chisakwezve mhuka dzinodya zvinomera kana kudzivirira zvipembenene kubva pamashizha.
5. Mubvunzo: Chii chinonzi thigmotropism uye inobatsira sei zvirimwa kukura? Ipa muenzaniso.
Kukurukurirana: Thigmotropism imhinduro yekukura kwemuti kana wabatwa nemuviri. Izvi zvinowanzoonekwa mumiti inokwira, uko zvikamu zvemiti zvakaita sematumbu kana madzinde madiki zvinofamba uye zvinokombama zvakatenderedza chinhu chazvinobata.
Thigmotropism inobvumira zvirimwa kukwira nekuwana rutsigiro kubva kuzvinhu zviri munzvimbo yazvo, izvo zvinoita kuti zviwane mukana wekuwana chiedza chezuva zviri nani. Mienzaniso yakajeka yethigmotropism iri muzvirimwa zvebhinzi kana mazambiringa, uko matanda azvo anoputira matanda kana waya sechikamu chekukura kwazvo.
Nekukurukura mienzaniso yakati wandei yezvinetso zvine chekuita nekugumbuka mumiti, tinogona kunzwisisa kuoma kwemhinduro dzehupenyu hwemiti kune zvinokurudzira. Ruzivo urwu harungowedzere kunzwisisa kwedu nyika yemiti chete asiwo runopa zvinokurudzira kuchengetedza nekudzivirira nharaunda, zvichiita kuti pave nekuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza zvakakosha kuhupenyu hwePasi.
