Mienzaniso yeMibvunzo Inotsanangura Nezve Nucleus Yesero
Nheyo yesero chikamu chakakosha chemasero eukaryotic, chinoshanda senzvimbo yekudzora mashandiro emasero. Inogara majini esero, muchimiro cheDNA, iyo yakarongwa kuita machromosome. Kunzwisisa mashandiro uye chimiro chenyuko yesero kwakakosha pakudzidza biology yemasero uye majini. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mimwe mienzaniso yezvinetso zvine chekuita nenyuko yesero, pamwe chete netsananguro.
Nhanganyaya kuNyukireya yeSero
Tisati tanyatsoongorora mibvunzo yemuenzaniso, ngationgororei muchidimbu nucleus yesero. Nucleus yakakomberedzwa ne nucleus yenyukireya, iyo inoiparadzanisa ne cytoplasm. Rudzi urwu rwune zvikamu zviviri zve lipid bilayer uye rune maburi enyukireya anobvumira kuchinjana kwezvinhu pakati pe nucleus ne cytoplasm. Chimwe chikamu chakakosha chenucleus i nucleolus, nzvimbo inogadzirwa ribosomes.
Mabasa makuru enucleus yesero anosanganisira kuchengetedza ruzivo rwemajini, kudzokororwa kweDNA, uye kunyorwa kweRNA. nucleus iyi inodzorawo kutenderera kwesero uye inoita basa rakakosha mukupatsanurwa kwemasero.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 1
Mubvunzo: Tsanangura basa re membrane yenyukireya mubasa re nucleus yesero.
Kukurukurirana:
Kamudzira kenyukireya, kanozivikanwawo se "nuclear envelope", kane zvikamu zviviri zve "lipid bilayer membrane" zvinoparadzanisa zviri mukati menyukireya (nucleoplasm) kubva ku "cytoplasm". Kamudzira kenyukireya kanoshanda sechipingamupinyi chinosarudza chinodzora kuchinjana kwezvinhu pakati penucleus ne "cytoplasm", zvakaita seRNA, mapuroteni, uye nucleotides.
Maburi enyukireya ari mumembrane iyi anoita basa guru mukutakura mamorekuru. Semuenzaniso, mamorekuru eRNA akagadzirwa munucleus anofanira kubuda mu cytoplasm kuti ashandurwe kuita mapuroteni. Kusiyana neizvi, mapuroteni anodiwa pakushanda kwenyukireya, akadai se enzyme DNA polymerase, anofanira kupinzwa munucleus. Saka, membrane yenyukireya inochengetedza nharaunda yemukati menucleus uye inoita kuti kutaurirana pakati penucleus ne cytoplasm kuve kwakarongeka.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 2
Mubvunzo: Chii chinorehwa ne "nucleolus" uye mabasa ayo ndeapi?
Kukurukurirana:
Nucleolus chimiro chinowanikwa mukati menucleus yesero chisina kuvharwa nemembrane uye chinoita sechinosviba kana uchitarisa maikorosikopu. Ndiyo nzvimbo inogadzirwa ribosome, organelle inobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwemapuroteni.
Basa guru re nucleolus nderekunyora ribosomal RNA (rRNA), iyo inozobatanidzwa nemapuroteni e rRNA kuti igadzire ribosomal subunits. Ma subunits aya anozoendeswa ku cytoplasm, uko anounganidzwa kuita ribosomes dzinoshanda.
Pamusoro pebasa rayo mukugadzirwa kwe ribosome, nucleolus inobatanidzwawo mukugadzirisa kutenderera kwesero, kugadzirisa mhinduro dzekushushikana, uye kugadzirisa DNA. Nokudaro, nucleolus inoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza hutano hwemasero uye mashandiro awo.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 3
Mubvunzo: Chromatin inoita sei basa mukudzora majini munucleus yesero?
Kukurukurirana:
Chromatin imhando yemapuroteni eDNA nehistone anowanikwa munucleus yesero. Munucleus yemasero eukaryotic, DNA haiwanikwe mumaketani marefu asi sechimiro chakabatana, chakarongeka chinonzi chromatin. Kune marudzi maviri makuru echromatin: euchromatin neheterochromatin.
Euchromatin imhando yakavhurika uye inoshanda pakunyorwa, zvichireva kuti majini ari mueuchromatin anowanikwa nyore nyore pakunyorwa muRNA uye obva ashandurwa kuita mapuroteni. Kusiyana neizvi, heterochromatin imhando yakamanikana uye kazhinji haishande zvakanyanya pakunyorwa.
Kudzora chimiro chechromatin kunoita basa guru mukudzora kutaurwa kwemajini. Maitiro akadai seDNA methylation uye histone modification anogona kushandura chimiro chechromatin uye nokudaro achikanganisa kugona kwemajini kuwana transcription factors. Izvi zvinobvumira masero kudzora majini nemazvo zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemajini.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 4
Mubvunzo: Chii chinoitika kunucleus yesero panguva yekupatsanurwa kwesero, kunyanya panguva ye mitosis?
Kukurukurirana:
Munguva yekupatsanurwa kwemasero, kunyanya mitosis, nucleus yesero inochinja-chinja zvakatevedzana. Maitiro aya anogona kukamurwa kuita matanho akati wandei:
1. Prophase: Chromatin inoungana kuita machromosome anoonekwa nemaikorosikopu ine chiedza. Chromosome yega yega ine machromatids maviri akabatana pa centromere. Nucleolus inotanga kushanda uye membrane yenyukireya inotanga kuputsika.
2. Prometaphase: Kamudzira kenyukireya kanenge kakatyoka zvachose, zvichiita kuti microtubule spindle ibatanidzwe ku kinetochores dziri pa centromeres ye chromosome yega yega.
3. Metaphase: Machromosome anotevedzana pamwe chete ne equator yesero, inonzi metaphase plate. Izvi zvinoita kuti sero rega rega riwane kopi yakafanana yezvinhu zvemajini.
4. Anaphase: Masisita echromatids akaparadzana akananga kumatanda akatarisana esero, zvichikonzerwa nekupfupika kwema microtubules.
5. Telophase: Seti yega yega yemachromatids yakaparadzaniswa yava kumativi akatarisana esero uye inodzokera kuchromatin. Kamudzira kenyukireya kanotanga kuumbwa kakatenderedza seti yega yega yemachromatids, kachigadzira manyuchi maviri emwanasikana.
6. Cytokinesis: Maitiro aya anosanganisira kupatsanurwa kwe cytoplasm, zvichikonzera masero maviri akasiyana emwanasikana rimwe nerimwe riine nucleus yaro.
Munguva ye mitosis, kuputsika kwakarongeka uye kuumbwa patsva kwe nucleus membrane kwakakosha kuti kuve nechokwadi chekupararira kwakaenzana kwemajini kumasero emwanasikana.
Mhedziso
Kunzwisisa zvakadzama chimiro nebasa renucleus yesero, pamwe chete nemaitiro anobatanidzwa nayo, zvakakosha mubiology yemasero nemolecular. Kuburikidza nematambudziko nehurukuro dziri pamusoro apa, tinogona kuona kuti nucleus yesero inoshanda sei senzvimbo yekudzora, kuchengetedza majini uye kudzora mashandiro emasero. Ruzivo urwu harungobatsiri chete mukudzidza hwaro hwebiology yesero asiwo rune zvarunoreva pakutsvaga kwekurapa, kusanganisira kunzwisisa mashandiro ezvirwere zvemajini uye kugadzira mishonga yemajini.
