Muenzaniso weMibvunzo Yekukurukurirana
Jenareta mudziyo wemagetsi unoshandura simba remagetsi kuita simba remagetsi kuburikidza nepfungwa yekushandiswa kwemagetsi. Mhando dzemajenareta dzinonyanya kushandiswa ijenareta dzinoenderana uye jenareta dzisingachinji (kana kuti dzinobatanidza). Chinyorwa chino chichapa mienzaniso yakati wandei yezvinetso nehurukuro pamusoro pemajenareta kuti tinzwisise misimboti yekushanda kwawo, zvikamu, uye mashandisirwo awo mumaseketi emagetsi.
Nheyo yekushanda kwejenareta
Nheyo huru yekushanda kwejenareta yakavakirwa paMutemo waFaraday weElectromagnetic Induction, uyo unoti shanduko yemagnetic flux mu loop yewaya ichagadzira simba reelectromotive (EMF). Jenareta ine zvikamu zvikuru zvakati wandei:
1. Rotor: Chikamu chinotenderera.
2. Stator: Chikamu chisingachinji, panoiswa waya yakasimba kana coil.
3. Magnetic Field: Inogadzirwa nemagineti anogara aripo kana magineti emagetsi.
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nekukurukurirana
Mubvunzo 1: Kuverenga Induced Voltage
Mubvunzo: Jenareta ine matenderere makumi mashanu pa stator coil. Kana kumhanya kwekutenderera kwerotor kuri 1200 rpm (kutenderera paminiti) uye magnetic flux kuburikidza nekutendeuka kamwe chete ikachinja ne 0,02 Wb, chii chinonzi Induced Voltage (EMF) inogadzirwa nejenareta?
Kukurukurirana: Kuti tiverenge voltage inokonzerwa tinogona kushandisa Faraday's Law equation:
\[ \text{EMF} = -N \frac{d\Phi}{dt} \]
di mana:
– \( N \) ndiyo nhamba yekutenderera,
– \( \Phi \) ndiyo magnetic flux, uye
– \(t \) inguva.
Danho rekutanga nderekushandura kumhanya kubva kuRPM kuenda kuRPS (kutenderera pasekondi):
\[ 1200 \text{ RPM} = \frac{1200}{60} \text{ RPS} = 20 \text{ RPS} \]
Kuchinja kwemvura kunochinja nekuchinja kwega kwega, saka frequency yekuchinja kwemvura yakafanana nefrequency yekutenderera, inova 20 Hz. Saka, shanduko yeflux pasekondi (\( \frac{d\Phi}{dt} \)) ndeiyi:
\[ \frac{d\Phi}{dt} = 0,02 \text{Wb} \times 20 \text{Hz} = 0,4 \text{Wb/s} \]
Saka, voltage inokonzerwa inobuda ndeiyi:
\[ \text{EMF} = -50 \times 0,4 \text{V} = -20 \text{V} \]
Sezvo EMF iri kukosha kwakakwana, voltage inokonzereswa inoguma i20 V.
Mubvunzo 2: Simba reKuburitsa Jenareta
Mubvunzo: Kana jenareta iri mumubvunzo wapfuura ikayerera nemutoro unodzivisa we10 ohms, simba remagetsi rakawanda sei rinogadzirwa?
Kukurukurirana: Kutanga, tinoverenga magetsi tichishandisa Mutemo weOhm:
\[ I = \frac{V}{R} = \frac{20 \text{ V}}{10 \text{ ohm}} = 2 \text{ A} \]
Simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa rinogona kuverengwa uchishandisa fomura:
\[ P = V \nguva I = 20 \chinyorwa{ V} \nguva 2 \chinyorwa{ A} = 40 \chinyorwa{ W} \]
Saka, simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa rinosvika 40 watts.
Mubvunzo 3: Kushanda Nesimba Kwejenareta
Mubvunzo: Jenareta ine simba remagetsi rema watts makumi matanhatu uye simba remagetsi rema watts makumi mana nemashanu. Jenareta inoshanda sei?
Kukurukurirana: Kushanda zvakanaka kwejenareta kunogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa fomura:
\[ \eta = \frac{P_{\text{out}}}{P_{\text{in}}} \times 100\% \]
di mana:
– \( P_{\text{out}} \) isimba remagetsi rinoburitsa magetsi,
– \( P_{\text{in}} \) isimba rekuisa remakanika.
Saka kushanda zvakanaka ndekwekuti:
\[ \eta = \frac{45 \text{ W}}{60 \text{ W}} \times 100\% = 75\% \]
Mubvunzo 4: Kuwanda kweVoltage yeAC Yakagadzirwa
Mubvunzo: Jenareta inochinja-chinja ine mapango mana uye inotenderera pa1800 rpm. Ndeipi frequency yevoltage yeAC inogadzirwa?
Kukurukurirana: Kuwanda kwevoltage yeAC inogadzirwa nejenareta inopindirana kunogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa fomura:
\[ f = \frac{P \times N}{120} \]
di mana:
– \( P \) ndiyo nhamba yematanda,
– \( N \) ndiyo kumhanya kwekutenderera muRPM.
Tsiva kukosha kwakapihwa:
\[ f = \frac{4 \times 1800}{120} = 60 \text{ Hz} \]
Saka, frequency ye AC voltage inogadzirwa ndeye 60 Hz.
Mubvunzo 5: Kumhanya Kwakafanana
Mubvunzo: Sarudza kumhanya kwejenareta kwakabatana negridi yemagetsi ye50 Hz uye ine matanda matanhatu.
Kukurukurirana: Kumhanya kweSynchronous kunogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa fomula:
\[ N_s = \frac{120 \times f}{P} \]
di mana:
– \( N_s \) ndiyo kumhanya kwe synchronous muRPM,
– \( f \) ndiyo frequency muHz,
– \( P \) ndiyo nhamba yematanda.
Tsiva kukosha kwakapihwa:
\[ N_s = \frac{120 \kawa 50}{6} = 1000 \text{ RPM} \]
Saka, kumhanya kwejenareta kuri pakati pe1000 RPM.
Mhedziso
Muchinyorwa chino, takurukura misimboti yekutanga yekushanda kwejenareta uye takaratidza mienzaniso yakati wandei yezvinetso zvinosanganisira kuverenga kwemagetsi anokonzerwa, simba remagetsi, kushanda zvakanaka, frequency yemagetsi eAC, uye kumhanya kwekubatana. Kuburikidza nematambudziko aya, takaona kuti maparamita akasiyana-siyana ejenareta anoenderana sei uye kuti anokanganisa sei mashandiro ese. Kunzwisisa kwakakwana misimboti iyi kwakakosha pakushandiswa kwemagetsi muinjiniya yemagetsi.
