Mienzaniso yeMibvunzo neKukurukurirana pamusoro peMashandisirwo eBiotechnology Yemazuva Ano
Biotechnology yemazuva ano inzvimbo yesainzi inoshandisa tekinoroji kugadzirisa zvipenyu, masero, uye mamorekuru kuti igadzire zvigadzirwa nemasevhisi anobatsira vanhu. Nzvimbo iyi inosanganisira mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana, kubva muhutano nekurima kusvika kunharaunda nemaindasitiri. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mienzaniso yakati wandei yezvinetso uye tichakurukura mashandisirwo ebiotechnology yemazuva ano kuti tinzwisise zvakadzama.
1. CRISPR-Cas9 uye Uinjiniya hweMajini
Mubvunzo:
Tsanangura kuti tekinoroji yeCRISPR-Cas9 ingashandiswa sei kurapa zvirwere zvemajini muvanhu. Ipa mienzaniso yezvirwere zvinogona kurapwa nenzira iyi.
Kukurukurirana:
CRISPR-Cas9 itekinoroji inobvumira masayendisiti "kugadzirisa" majini nemazvo. Tekinoroji iyi inoshanda sechigero chemorekuru, ichicheka DNA panzvimbo dzakatarwa. Kana DNA yachekwa, masero anogona kugadzirisa kukuvara uye, mukuita kudaro, kubvisa kana kutsiva chikamu chemajini chine dambudziko.
Imwe nzira yeCRISPR-Cas9 inoshandiswa pakurapa zvirwere zvemajini. Semuenzaniso, sickle cell anemia inokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemajini kunoratidza hemoglobin. Vachishandisa CRISPR, masayendisiti anogona kugadzirisa kuchinja uku mumaseru emapfupa emurwere, ayo anobva agadzira masero matsvuku eropa ane hutano.
2. Kurapa Majini
Mubvunzo:
Chii chinonzi gene therapy, uye nzira iyi ingabatsira sei pakurapa kenza?
Kukurukurirana:
Kurapa majini inzira yekurapa kana kudzivirira chirwere nekuisa majini mumasero emurwere. Panyaya yekenza, kurapwa kwemajini kunosanganisira kuwedzera majini matsva kumasero ekenza kuti auraye kana kumisa kukura kwawo.
Semuenzaniso, imwe nzira yekurapa kenza inosanganisira kugadzirisa T-cells dzemurwere (rudzi rwemasero machena eropa) kuti aone uye arwise bundu. Iyi nzira inozivikanwa seCAR T-cell therapy. MaT-cells akagadziriswa anotorwa kubva muropa remurwere, ogadziriswa majini murabhoritari, obva adzoserwa mumurwere kuti arwise masero ekenza.
3. Kugadzirwa kweInsulin Kuburikidza neGenetic Engineering
Mubvunzo:
Kugadzira majini kunoshandiswa sei kugadzira insulin yakawanda, uye ndeapi mabhenefiti enzira iyi kupfuura nzira dzechinyakare?
Kukurukurirana:
Kusati kwatanga kushandiswa majini, insulin yaishandiswa kurapa chirwere cheshuga yaitorwa kubva mudumbu remombe nenguruve. Zvisinei, nzira iyi ine njodzi yekurwara nezvirwere uye kuwanikwa kwadzo kushoma.
Maitiro ekugadzira majini akachinja kugadzirwa kweinsulini. Jini rinobatanidza insulini yemunhu rinobviswa robva raiswa mubhakitiriya reEscherichia coli kana mbiriso. Utachiona uhu, kana hwakakurirwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera, hunogona kugadzira huwandu hwakawanda hweinsulini yemunhu. Maitiro aya haangoshandi chete uye haadhuri zvakanyanya, asiwo anogadzira insulin yakachena uye anoderedza njodzi yeallergy kana tichienzanisa neinsulini inobva kumhuka.
4. Biotechnology mukurima: Zvirimwa zveTransgenic
Mubvunzo:
Ndezvipi zvakanakira nengozi zvine chekuita nekushandiswa kwezvirimwa zvakachinjika mukurima?
Kukurukurirana:
Zvirimwa zvakachinja majini izvirimwa zvakagadziriswa majini kuti zvive nemajini anobva kune dzimwe mhando. Mabhenefiti ezvirimwa izvi anosanganisira kuwedzera goho rezvirimwa, kusabatwa nezvipembenene nezvirwere, uye kuchinjika kumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ezvakatipoteredza, akadai sekusanaya kwemvura.
Muenzaniso wechirimwa chinoshanduka kuva cheBt chibage, chine majini anobva kubhakitiriya rinonzi Bacillus thuringiensis rinoita kuti chisapararire kune zvimwe zvipembenene. Mabhenefiti makuru ekurima chibage cheBt kuderedzwa kwekushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene uye kuwedzera kwekubudirira kwekurima.
Zvisinei, kunewo njodzi dzinobatanidzwa nezvirimwa zvakachinja majini, kusanganisira kunetseka nezvekukanganisa kwazvinoita pamarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvirimwa uye mukana wekuti majini aende kumarudzi emusango. Uyezve, kune gakava pamusoro pekuchengetedzeka kwekudya zvigadzirwa zvakachinja majini pahutano hwevanhu, kunyangwe tsvakiridzo kusvika pari zvino ichiratidza kuti zvirimwa zvakabvumiranwa zvakachinja majini zvakachengeteka kudyiwa.
5. Kugadzirisa zvinhu zvipenyu
Mubvunzo:
Ko biotechnology inoshandiswa sei mukugadzirisa zvipembenene? Taura mamwe emabhakitiriya anoshandiswa mukuita uku.
Kukurukurirana:
Kugadzirisa zvinhu zvipenyu inzira yekushandisa tupukanana kupwanya tsvina uye kugadzirisa nharaunda dzakasvibiswa. Iyi tekinoroji inonyanya kubatsira pakugadzirisa mafuta anodururwa, kusvibiswa kwevhu nemakemikari, uye kurapwa kwemarara ane njodzi.
Mamwe mabhakitiriya anowanzo shandiswa mukurapa zvipembenene mabhakitiriya anobva kurudzi rwePseudomonas naBacillus, ayo anogona kuora mahydrocarbon mumafuta. Mafungu akadai sePhanerochaete chrysosporium anoshandiswawo kuora zvinhu zvine njodzi muvhu, kusanganisira mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene nemachira.
Kuburikidza ne bioremediation, tsvina inogona kushandurwa kuita zvinhu zvisina njodzi zvakanyanya kana kuti zvisina njodzi, nokudaro zvichideredza kukanganisa kwetsvina panharaunda neutano hwevanhu.
Mhedziso
Tekinoroji yemazuva ano yehupenyu hwemhuka inoita basa rakakosha zvikuru muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu hwevanhu. Kubva kuhutano nekurima kusvika kune zvakatipoteredza, mashandisirwo etekinoroji yehupenyu hwemhuka anopa mhinduro itsva kumatambudziko akasiyana-siyana epasi rose. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kufunga nezvetsika nekuchengetedzwa kwetekinoroji iyi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kushandiswa kwayo kunopa mabhenefiti akanyanya kunharaunda nenharaunda.
Nekunzwisisa uye kushandisa kwakakodzera, tekinoroji yemazuva ano ine mukana wekusimudzira kufambira mberi kukuru mukuedza kuvandudza hupenyu hwevanhu mune ramangwana.
