Magetsi asingachinji inyaya inokosha mufizikisi yegiredhi rechi12. Inobata nezviitiko zvine chekuita nemagetsi ari kuzorora kana ari kufamba. Kunzwisisa pfungwa huru, mutemo waCoulomb, neminda yemagetsi kwakakosha pakugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ane chekuita nemagetsi asingachinji. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mienzaniso yakati wandei yematambudziko emagetsi asingachinji anowanzoonekwa mubvunzo dzegiredhi rechi12, pamwe chete nemhinduro dzawo.
Pfungwa Dzekutanga dzeMagetsi Asingachinji
Magetsi asingachinji anokonzerwa nekusawirirana kwemari yemagetsi pamusoro pechinhu. Mari iyi inogona kutamiswa kubva pane chimwe chinhu kuenda kune chimwe kuburikidza nemaitiro akadai sekukweshana, kufambisa, uye kupinza.
– Mutemo waCoulomb: Mutemo uyu unotsanangura simba rekukweva kana kudzinga pakati pemagetsi maviri. Fomura yemutemo waCoulomb ndeiyi:
\[
F = k \frac{{|q_1 q_2|}}{{r^2}}
\]
Di mana:
– \( F \) isimba riri pakati pemhosva (Newton).
– \( k \) ishoko rekuti Coulomb risingachinji (\( 8.99 \times 10^9 \, \text{N m}^2/\text{C}^2 \)).
– \( q_1 \) uye \( q_2 \) ndiwo hukuru hwemari (Coulombs).
– \(r \) ndiyo daro riri pakati pemachaji maviri (mita).
– Munda weMagetsi: Munda wemagetsi inzvimbo yakatenderedza chaji yemagetsi umo simba remagetsi rinogona kunzwikwa nemamwe machaji. Munda wemagetsi \( E \) uri kure \( r \) kubva pachaji \( Q \) ndewekuti:
\[
E = k \frac{Q}{r^2}
\]
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nekukurukurirana
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 1: Coulomb Force
Mubvunzo:
Machaji maviri emagetsi e \( 2 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \) uye \( -3 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \) ari padaro remamita 0,1. Verenga simba reCoulomb pakati pemachaji maviri.
Mhinduro:
Shandisa fomura yemutemo yaCoulomb:
\[
F = k \frac{{|q_1 q_2|}}{{r^2}}
\]
Tsiva tsika dzinozivikanwa:
\[
F = 8.99 \nguva 10^9 \, \text{N m}^2/\text{C}^2 \times \frac{{(2 \nguva 10^{-6} \, \text{C})(3 \nguva 10^{-6} \, \text{C})}}{{(0,1 \, \text{m})^2}}
\]
\[
F = 8.99 \kawa 10^9 \kawa \frac{6 \kawa 10^{-12}}{0,01}
\]
\[
F = 8.99 \kawa 10^9 \kawa 6 \kawa 10^{-10}
\]
\[
F = 53,94 \kawa 10^{-1} \, \text{N}
\]
\[
F = 5,394 \, \chinyorwa{N}
\]
Saka, simba reCoulomb pakati pemhosva mbiri idzi i5,394 N.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 2: Munda weMagetsi nePoint Charge
Mubvunzo:
Verenga nzvimbo yemagetsi iri kure nemamita 0,05 kubva pakuchaja kwe \( 4 \kawa 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \).
Mhinduro:
Shandisa fomura yemagetsi:
\[
E = k \frac{Q}{r^2}
\]
Tsiva tsika dzinozivikanwa:
\[
E = 8.99 \nguva 10^9 \, \text{N m}^2/\text{C}^2 \times \frac{4 \nguva 10^{-6} \, \text{C}}{(0,05 \, \text{m})^2}
\]
\[
E = 8.99 \kawa 10^9 \kawa \frac{4 \kawa 10^{-6}}{0,0025}
\]
\[
E = 8.99 \kawa 10^9 \kawa 1,6 \kawa 10^{-3}
\]
\[
E = 14,384 \kawa 10^6 \, \chinyorwa{N/C}
\]
\[
E = 1,4384 \kawa 10^7 \, \chinyorwa{N/C}
\]
Saka, nzvimbo yemagetsi iri kure nemamita 0,05 kubva pakuchaja ndeye \( 1,4384 \times 10^7 \, \text{N/C} \).
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 3: Simba reMagetsi
Mubvunzo:
Chaji ye \( 5 \kawa 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \) inoiswa panzvimbo yakati. Verenga simba remagetsi riri chinhambwe chemamita 0,2 kubva pachaji.
Mhinduro:
Shandisa fomura yemagetsi inogona kushandiswa:
\[
V = k \frac{Q}{r}
\]
Tsiva tsika dzinozivikanwa:
\[
V = 8.99 \nguva 10^9 \, \chinyorwa{N m}^2/\chinyorwa{C}^2 \nguva \frac{5 \nguva 10^{-6} \, \chinyorwa{C}}{0,2 \, \chinyorwa{m}}
\]
\[
V = 8.99 \kawa 10^9 \kawa 25 \kawa 10^{-6}
\]
\[
V = 224,75 \kawa 10^3 \, \chinyorwa{V}
\]
\[
V = 2,2475 \kawa 10^5 \, \chinyorwa{V}
\]
Saka, simba remagetsi riri kure nemamita 0,2 kubva pakuchaja ndiro \( 2,2475 \times 10^5 \, \text{V} \).
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 4: Simba Rinogona Kushandiswa Nemagetsi
Mubvunzo:
Machaji maviri e \( 3 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \) uye \( -2 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \) ari padaro remamita 0,1. Verenga simba remagetsi remuchina uyu.
Mhinduro:
Shandisa fomura yesimba remagetsi:
\[
U = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r}
\]
Tsiva tsika dzinozivikanwa:
\[
U = 8.99 \nguva 10^9 \, \text{N m}^2/\text{C}^2 \times \frac{(3 \nguva 10^{-6} \, \text{C})(-2 \nguva 10^{-6} \, \text{C})}{0,1 \, \text{m}}
\]
\[
U = 8.99 \kawa 10^9 \kawa \frac{-6 \kawa 10^{-12}}{0,1}
\]
\[
U = -5,394 \kawa 10^{-1} \, \mashoko{J}
\]
\[
U = -0,5394 \, \chinyorwa{J}
\]
Saka, simba remagetsi rehurongwa i -0,5394 J.
Mhedziso
Kunzwisisa magetsi asingachinji uye kushandiswa kwepfungwa dzakakosha dzakadai semutemo waCoulomb, minda yemagetsi, simba remagetsi, uye simba remagetsi rakakosha mufizikisi yegiredhi rechi12. Nekudzidza mienzaniso yematambudziko ari pamusoro apa, vadzidzi vanotarisirwa kunzwisisa zviri nani pfungwa idzi uye kukwanisa kudzishandisa mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana. Matambudziko aya anobatsirawo vadzidzi kugadzirira bvunzo dzakaoma nematambudziko mune ramangwana.
Kudzidzira matambudziko akasiyana-siyana emagetsi asingachinji kuchasimbisa kunzwisisa kwako kwepfungwa uye kunovandudza hunyanzvi hwako hwekugadzirisa matambudziko. Gara uine chokwadi chekuti unonzwisisa hwaro hwedzidziso usati watanga kugadzirisa matambudziko, sezvo kunzwisisa kwakasimba kuchakubatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko zviri nani uye nemazvo.
