Mutemo weChipiri waNewton ndeimwe yepfungwa huru mufizikisi inodzora hukama huripo pakati pesimba, huremu, uye kukurumidza. Mutemo uyu unoti kukurumidza kwechinhu kunoenderana nesimba remagetsi rinoshanda pachiri uye kunoenderana nehuremu hwacho. Pamasvomhu, Mutemo weChipiri waNewton unonzi:
\[ F = ma \]
Di mana:
– \( F \) isimba remagetsi rinoshanda pane chinhu (muNewtons, N).
– \( m \) huremu hwechinhu chacho (mumakirogiramu, kg).
– \( a \) ndiko kukurumidza kwechinhu (mumamita pasekondi imwe neimwe, \( m/s^2 \)).
Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mimwe mienzaniso yeMutemo weChipiri waNewton kuti tinzwisise mashandisirwo awo mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 1: Simbisa Mota Inokurumidza
Mubvunzo:
Mota ine huremu hwe1000 kg inomhanyisa kubva pakuzorora kusvika pakumhanya kwe20 m/s mumasekonzi mashanu. Verenga simba rinodiwa kuti uku kuwedzere.
Mhinduro:
Kutanga, tinofanira kuverenga kumhanya kwemotokari. Kumhanya (\( a \)) kunogona kuverengwa uchishandisa fomura:
\[ a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} \]
Di mana:
– \(\Delta v\) ndiko kuchinja kwespeed.
– \(\Delta t\) ndiko kuchinja kwenguva.
Tsiva tsika dzinozivikanwa:
\[ a = \frac{20 \, \text{m/s} – 0 \, \text{m/s}}{5 \, \text{seconds}} \]
\[ a = \frac{20 \, \text{m/s}}{5 \, \text{seconds}} \]
\[ a = 4 \, \text{m/s}^2 \]
Iye zvino, tinogona kuverenga simba rinodiwa tichishandisa Mutemo Wechipiri waNewton:
\[ F = ma \]
\[ F = (1000 \, \text{kg})(4 \, \text{m/s}^2) \]
\[ F = 4000 \, \mashoko{N} \]
Saka, simba rinodiwa kuti mota imhanye i4000 N.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 2: Simba Rinokakavadzana paBhokisi
Mubvunzo:
Bhokisi rine huremu hwe50 kg rinosundirwa panzvimbo isina kurongeka nesimba re300 N. Kana simba rekukweshana riri pakati pebhokisi nepamusoro riri 100 N, verengai kukurumidza kwebhokisi.
Mhinduro:
Kutanga, tinoverenga simba remambure riri kushanda pabhokisi. Simba remambure (\( F_{\text{net}} \)) isimba rese rinoita basa pachinhu mushure mekufunga nezvesimba rese rinoita basa pachiri, kusanganisira kukweshana.
\[ F_{\text{net}} = F_{\text{push}} – F_{\text{friction}} \]
\[ F_{\text{net}} = 300 \, \text{N} – 100 \, \text{N} \]
\[ F_{\text{net}} = 200 \, \text{N} \]
Iye zvino, tinogona kuverenga kukurumidza kwebhokisi tichishandisa Mutemo Wechipiri waNewton:
\[ F_{\text{net}} = ma \]
\[ 200 \, \text{N} = (50 \, \text{kg})a \]
\[ a = \frac{200 \, \text{N}}{50 \, \text{kg}} \]
\[ a = 4 \, \text{m/s}^2 \]
Saka, kukurumidza kwebhokisi iri 4 m/s².
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 3: Kuverenga Simba Rinodiwa Pakusimudza Mutoro
Mubvunzo:
Kreni inosimudza mutoro une huremu hwe200 kg kuenda kumusoro nekumhanyisa kwe1,5 m/s². Verenga simba rinodiwa nekreni kusimudza mutoro.
Mhinduro:
Kutanga, tinofanira kuverenga simba regiravhiti rinoshanda pamutoro. Simba regiravhiti (\( F_g \)) rinogona kuverengwa uchishandisa fomura:
\[ F_g = mg \]
Di mana:
– \( g \) ndiko kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (\( 9,8 \, \text{m/s}^2 \)).
Tsiva tsika dzinozivikanwa:
\[ F_g = (200 \, \text{kg})(9,8 \, \text{m/s}^2) \]
\[ F_g = 1960 \, \mashoko{N} \]
Iye zvino, tinoverenga simba rose (\( F \)) rinodiwa nekireni kusimudza mutoro tichifunga nezvekuwedzerwa kwekumhanya:
\[ F = ma + F_g \]
\[ F = (200 \, \text{kg})(1,5 \, \text{m/s}^2) + 1960 \, \text{N} \]
\[ F = 300 \, \chinyorwa{N} + 1960 \, \chinyorwa{N} \]
\[ F = 2260 \, \mashoko{N} \]
Saka, simba rinodiwa nekireni kusimudza mutoro i2260 N.
Muenzaniso Dambudziko rechina: Simba muSisitimu yezvinhu zviviri zvakabatana netambo
Mubvunzo:
Zvinhu zviviri zvine huremu hwe10 kg uye 20 kg zvakateerana zvakabatana netambo yakareruka uye zvakasungirirwa kubva papulley. Verenga kukurumidza kwesystem uye kumanikidzwa kwetambo kana system yasunungurwa kubva pakuzorora.
Mhinduro:
Kutanga, ngatitsanangure masimba anoshanda pazvinhu zvese zviri zviviri. Ngatidaidzei kuti mass \( m_1 = 10 \, \text{kg} \) uye mass \( m_2 = 20 \, \text{kg} \). Simba regiravhiti rinoshanda pazvinhu zvese zviri zviviri nderinoti:
\[ F_{g1} = m_1 g = (10 \, \text{kg})(9,8 \, \text{m/s}^2) = 98 \, \text{N} \]
\[ F_{g2} = m_2 g = (20 \, \text{kg})(9,8 \, \text{m/s}^2) = 196 \, \text{N} \]
Sezvo sisitimu iyi yasunungurwa kubva pakuzorora, kukurumidza kwesisitimu kunogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa Mutemo Wechipiri waNewton. Kukurumidza kwese (\( a \)) kwesisitimu ndekwekuti:
\[ (m_1 + m_2)a = F_{g2} – F_{g1} \]
\[ (10 \, \text{kg} + 20 \, \text{kg})a = 196 \, \text{N} – 98 \, \text{N} \]
\[ 30 \, \text{kg} \cdot a = 98 \, \text{N} \]
\[ a = \frac{98 \, \text{N}}{30 \, \text{kg}} \]
\[ a = 3,27 \, \text{m/s}^2 \]
Iye zvino, tava kuverenga kumanikidzwa kuri mutambo (\( T \)). Kumanikidzwa kuri mutambo kunogona kuverengerwa tichishandisa Mutemo Wechipiri waNewton pane imwe yemasasi, semuenzaniso \( m_1 \):
\[ T – m_1 g = m_1 a \]
\[ T – 98 \, \text{N} = (10 \, \text{kg})(3,27 \, \text{m/s}^2) \]
\[ T – 98 \, \text{N} = 32,7 \, \text{N} \]
\[ T = 32,7 \, \chinyorwa{N} + 98 \, \chinyorwa{N} \]
\[ T = 130,7 \, \mashoko{N} \]
Saka, kukurumidza kwehurongwa i3,27 m/s² uye kumanikidzwa kwetambo i130,7 N.
Mhedziso
Kuburikidza nemienzaniso yakasiyana-siyana yeMutemo weChipiri waNewton, takadzidza kuti musimboti uyu unoshandiswa sei pakuverenga simba, kukurumidza, uye kushushikana mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana. Mutemo weChipiri waNewton hausi chete unokosha mufizikisi yedzidziso asiwo une mashandisirwo akawanda anoshanda muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye tekinoroji. Nekunzwisisa nekushandisa Mutemo weChipiri waNewton, tinogona kugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana-siyana emakanika zvinobudirira uye nemazvo.
