Mienzaniso 18 yeMibvunzo yeMutemo weGasi Yakakodzera
1. Gasi rakanaka munzvimbo rinotanga riine vhoriyamu V netembiricha T. Kana gasi richidziiswa zvekuti tembiricha inochinja kuita 5/4 T uye kumanikidzwa kunochinja kuita 2P, vhoriyamu yegasi inochinja kuita...
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa :
Vhoriyamu yekutanga (V)1) = V
Tembiricha yekutanga (T)1) = T
Kupisa kwekupedzisira (T)2) = 5/4 T
Kumanikidzwa kwekutanga (P)1) = P
Kumanikidzwa kwekupedzisira (P)2) = 2P
Akabvunzwa : Vhoriyamu yekupedzisira (V)2)
Jawab :
Huwandu hwegasi hunochinja kusvika pa5/8 yakapetwa huwandu hwekutanga.
2. Vhoriyamu yemamoles maviri egasi patembiricha yakajairwa uye kumanikidzwa (STP) ndeye…
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa :
Nhamba yemamota egasi (n) = 2 mamota
Tembiricha yakajairika (T) = 0 oC = 0 + 273 = 273 Kelvin
Kumanikidzwa kwakajairika (P) = 1 atm = 1,013 x 105 Pascal
Gasi risingaperi repasi rose (R) = 8,315 Joules/mol.Kelvin
Akabvunzwa : Huwandu hwegasi (V)
Jawab :
Mutemo weGasi Wakakodzera (muhuwandu hwemamota, n)
Huwandu hwemamoles maviri egasi i44,8 litres.
Vhoriyamu ye mole imwe yegasi i45,4 litres / 2 = 22,4 litres.
Saka huwandu hwe1 mole yegasi, ingave oxygen kana helium kana argon kana chero imwe gasi, i22,4 litres.
3. 4 marita emhepo yeokisijeni patembiricha ye27°C papressure ye2 atm (1 atm = 105 Pa) iri mumudziyo. Kana gasi risingachinji R = 8,314 J.mol-1.K-1 uye nhamba yaAvogadro NA 6,02 X 1023 mamorekuru, ipapo huwandu hwemamorekuru egasi yeokisijeni ari mumudziyo hwacho...
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa :
Vhoriyamu yegesi (V) = marita mana = 4 dm3 = 4 x gumi-3 m3
Kupisa kwegesi (T) = 27oC = 27 + 273 = 300 Kelvin
Kumanikidzwa kwegesi (P) = 2 atm = 2 x 105 Pascal
Gasi risingaperi repasi rose (R) = 8,314 J.mol-1.K-1
Nhamba yaAvogadro (N)A) = 6,02 x 1023
Akabvunzwa : Huwandu hwemamorekuru emhepo yeokisijeni ari mugaba (N)
Jawab :
Boltzmann's constant :
Mutemo weGasi Wakakodzera (muhuwandu hwemamorekuru, N)
Mu mole imwe chete yegesi yeokisijeni, pane 1,93 x 1023 mamorekuru eokisijeni.
4. Ngarava ine gasi reNeon (Ne, atomic mass = 20 u) patembiricha yakajairwa uye kumanikidzwa (STP) ine vhoriyamu ye2 m3. Tsvaga huwandu hwegasi re neon!
Zvinozivikanwa :
Neon atomic huremu = 20 gramu/mol = 0,02 kg/mol
Tembiricha yakajairika (T) = 0oC = 273 Kelvin
Kumanikidzwa kwakajairika (P) = 1 atm = 1,013 x 105 Pascal
Vhoriyamu (V) = 2 m3
Akabvunzwa : huremu (m) hwegasi re neon
Jawab :
Pakupisa kwakajairwa uye kumanikidzwa (STP), mole imwe chete yegesi chero ripi zvaro, kusanganisira neon gas, ine vhoriyamu ye22,4 litres = 22,4 dm3 = 0,0448 XNUMX m3Saka, muhuwandu hwe2 m3 Mangani mamoles egasi re neon aripo?
Muhuwandu hwe2 m3 kune mamoles 44,6 egasi re neon.
Huremu hwemaatomu egasi reNeon hunosvika magiramu makumi maviri pamol. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mole imwe chete ine magiramu makumi maviri kana 0,02 kg yegasi reNeon. Sezvo mole imwe chete ine 0,02 kg yegasi reNeon, mamore 44,6 ane (44,6 moles)(0,02 kg/mol) = 0,892 kg = 892 gramu yegasi reNeon.
5. Mibvunzo yebvunzo yenyika ye2017 SMA/MA Nhamba 22
Gasi rakanaka rinoiswa mumudziyo wakavharwa, uye huwandu hwaro hunoderedzwa nehafu patembiricha yakafanana. Kumanikidzwa kwegasi ikozvino kwava…
A. Yepakutanga ka4
B. yepakutanga kashanu
C. Yepakutanga ka1
D. 1/2 kakapetwa kupfuura yekutanga
E. 1/4 yepakutanga
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Vhoriyamu yekutanga = V
Vhoriyamu yekupedzisira = 1/2 V
Kumanikidzwa kwekutanga = P
Tembiricha inogara iripo
Akabvunzwa: Kumanikidzwa kwekupedzisira
Mhinduro:
P 1 V 1 / T 1 = P 2 V 2 / T 2 —–> Tembiricha (T) inogara iripo
P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2
P V = P 2 (1/2 V)
P = P 2 (1/2)
2P = P 2
Kumanikidzwa kwegasi kunowedzera kaviri.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.
6. 2015/2016 SMA/MA Mubvunzo weNyaya yeFizikisi Nhamba 21
Teererai chirevo chiri pazasi!
(1) Chidimbu chimwe nechimwe chinogara chichifamba munzira yakati
(2) Zvidimbu zvegasi zvinopararira zvakaenzana muimba yese.
(3) Hukuru hwezvimedu zvegasi hunogona kufuratirwa kana tichienzanisa nehukuru hwechirongo.
(4) Kubonderana kwegasi kwegasi kunoitika kwakanyatsosimba.
(5) Simba rinokwezva riri pakati pezvikamu zvinoonekwa.
Chirevo chinoenderana nehunhu hwemagasi akakodzera ndeche…
A. (1) na (3) chete
B. (2) uye (4) chete
C. (1), (2) uye (3) chete
D. (2), (3) uye (4)
E. (3), (4) uye (5)
Kukurukurirana
Mashoko akarurama ndeaya 1, 2, 3, 4.
7. 2015/2016 SMA/MA Mubvunzo weNyaya yeFizikisi Nhamba 21
Heano zvinhu zvine chekuita negesi:
(1) Zvidimbu zvechinhu zvinofamba zvakananga nekumhanya kusingachinji zvisina tsarukano.
(2) Kubonderana kunoitika pakati pezvikamu kunoita kuti zvikamu zvirasikirwe nesimba shoma.
(3) Zvidimbu zvegasi zvinopararira zvakaenzana muimba yese.
(4) Mitemo yaNewton yekufamba inoshanda chete kune zvikamu zvegasi zvemonoatomic.
(5) Nguva inodiwa kuti pave nekusangana kwezvikamu ipfupi kwazvo.
Kubva pane zvirevo izvi, hunhu hwemagasi akakodzera hunosanganisira...
A. (1), (2), (5)
B. (1), (3), (5)
C. (2), (3), (4)
D. (2), (4), (5)
E. (3), (4), (5)
Kukurukurirana
Mashoko akarurama ndeaya 1, 3, 5.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.
8. 2015/2016 SMA/MA Mubvunzo weNyaya yeFizikisi Nhamba 21
(1) Gasi rinoumbwa nezvidimbu zvakapararira zvakaenzana.
(2) Kubonderana kwezvidimbu nemadziro kunonamira zvakakwana.
(3) Nguva iri pakati pekusangana kwezvikamu ipfupi kwazvo.
(4) Huwandu hwegasi hwakakura zvikuru kana tichienzanisa nemudziyo waro.
(5) Mitemo yaNewton haishande kumamorekuru nekuti saizi yawo idiki kwazvo.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeyekuti…
A. (1), (2), uye (3)
B. (1), (2), uye (4)
C. (1), (3), uye (5)
D. (2), (3), uye (5)
E. (3, (4), uye (5)
Kukurukurirana
Mashoko akarurama ndeaya 1, 2, 3.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.
9. 2015/2016 SMA/MA Mubvunzo weNyaya yeFizikisi Nhamba 22
Gasi rakanaka rinotanga nechinhu chine vhoriyamu V patembiricha T nepressure P. Kana gasi rikadziiswa zvekuti tembiricha yaro inosvika 3/2 T uye pressure yaro inosvika 4/3 P, ipapo vhoriyamu yegasi inova...
A. 9/8 V
B. 9/5 V
C. 5/3 V
D. 4/3 V
E. 3/2 V
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti :
Vhoriyamu yekutanga (V 1 ) = V
Tembiricha yekutanga (T 1 ) = T
Kumanikidzwa kwekutanga (P 1 ) = P
Kupisa kwekupedzisira (T2 ) = 3/2 T
Kumanikidzwa kwekupedzisira (P 2 ) = 4/3 P
Mubvunzo : Vhoriyamu yekupedzisira (V 2 )
Mhinduro :
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.
10. 2015/2016 SMA/MA Mubvunzo weNyaya yeFizikisi Nhamba 22
Gasi rakakodzera rinotora nzvimbo ine vhoriyamu V 1 patembiricha T 1 uye kumanikidzwa P 1. Zvadaro rinodziiswa kuitira kuti vhoriyamu yegasi ive 4/3 V 1 uye kumanikidzwa kuve 5/2 P 1. Chiyero chetembiricha yekupedzisira yegasi kune gasi rekutanga ndeche…
A. 10: 5
B. 10: 3
C. 5 : 10
D. 3: 10
Chikamu 1: 8
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti :
Vhoriyamu yekutanga = V 1
Kupisa kwekutanga = T 1
Kumanikidzwa kwekutanga = P 1
Vhoriyamu yekupedzisira = 4/3 V 1
Kumanikidzwa kwekupedzisira = 5/2 P 1
Kubvunzwa : Kuenzanisa tembiricha yekupedzisira netembiricha yekutanga
Mhinduro :
Verenga tembiricha yekupedzisira:
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.
11. Huwandu hwemarita matatu egasi reArgon patembiricha ye27°C papressure ye1 atm (1 atm = 10 5 Pa) iri muchubhu. Kana general gas constant R = 8,314 J.mol −1 .K −1 uye huwandu hwezvikamu mu1 mole yegasi huri 6,02 x 10 23 zvikamu, saka huwandu hwezvikamu zvegasi reArgon muchubhu ndi…..
A. 0,83 x 10 23 zvidimbu
B. 0,72 x 10 23 zvidimbu
C. 0,42 x 10 23 zvidimbu
D. 0,22 x 10 23 zvidimbu
E. 0,12 x 10 23 zvidimbu
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti :
Vhoriyamu yegesi = marita matatu = 3 dm 3 = 3 x 10 -3 m 3
Kupisa kwegesi = 27 o C + 273 = 300 K
Kumanikidzwa kwegesi = 1 atm = 10 5 Pa
Gasi risingaperi repasi rose (R) = 8,314 J.mol −1 .K −1
Nhamba yaAvogadro (N A ) = 6,02 x 10 23 mamorekuru/mol
Mubvunzo : mangani argon gas particles ari muchubhu?
Mhinduro :
12. Gasi rakakodzera riri mumudziyo wakavharwa une kumanikidzwa P, vhoriyamu V, uye tembiricha T. Kana pane imwe nguva tembiricha ikachinjwa kuita 2T, uye vhoriyamu kuita 3/2 V, saka chiyero chekumanikidzwa kwekutanga (P 1 ) kune kumanikidzwa kwekupedzisira (P 2 ) mushure mekunge V naT zvachinjwa ndeche….
A. 1: 3
B. 1: 2
C. 2 : 3
D. 3: 4
Chikamu 4: 3
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kumanikidzwa kwekutanga (P 1 ) = P
Vhoriyamu yekutanga (V 1 ) = V
Vhoriyamu yekupedzisira (V 2 ) = 3/2 V
Tembiricha yekutanga (T 1 ) = T
Kupisa kwekupedzisira (T2 ) = 2T
Zvinodiwa: Kuenzanisa kumanikidzwa kwekutanga (P 1 ) nekumanikidzwa kwekupedzisira (P 2 )
Mhinduro:
Kuenzanisa kwekumanikidzwa kwekutanga nekwekupedzisira:
P 1 : P 2
P: 4P/3
1: 4/3
3 (1): (3) 4/3
3: 4
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.
13. Gasi reokisijeni rine vhoriyamu V, tembiricha T, uye kumanikidzwa P riri musirindiri yakavharwa nevharuvhu. Kana vharuvhu ikadzvanywa, vhoriyamu yeokisijeni inova 3/4 V uye tembiricha inova 3/2 T, ipapo chiyero chekumanikidzwa kwekutanga nekumanikidzwa kwekupedzisira kwegasi….
A. P 1 : P 2 = 1 : 2
B. P 1 : P 2 = 2 : 3
C. P 1 : P 2 = 3 : 2
D. P 1 : P 2 = 3 : 4
E. P 1 : P 2 = 4 : 3
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kumanikidzwa kwekutanga (P 1 ) = P
Vhoriyamu yekutanga (V 1 ) = V
Vhoriyamu yekupedzisira (V 2 ) = 3/4 V
Tembiricha yekutanga (T 1 ) = T
Kupisa kwekupedzisira (T2 ) = 3/2 T
Zvinodiwa: Kuenzanisa kumanikidzwa kwekutanga (P 1 ) nekumanikidzwa kwekupedzisira (P 2 )
Mhinduro:
Kuenzanisa kwekumanikidzwa kwekutanga nekwekupedzisira:
P 1 : P 2
1: 2
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.
14. Tarisa girafu yehukama huripo pakati pehuwandu ( ρ) nevhoriyamu (V) yemagasi akasiyana-siyana ari pazasi!
Magasi maviri ane huremu hwakafanana ndiwo…
Kukurukurirana
Fomura yekuwanda:
Kuwanda ( ρ ) = uremu (m) / Vhoriyamu (V)
Huremu (m) = kuwanda ( ρ) x Vhoriyamu (V)
1) m = (0,8)(2) = 1,6 kg
2) m = (0,8)(4) = 3,2 kg
3) m = (0,4)(4) = 1,6 kg
4) m = (0,4)(5) = 2 kg
5) m = (0,8)(5) = 4 kg
Magasi maviri ane huremu hwakafanana ndi1 na3.
15. Gasi rakakodzera riri mumudziyo wakavharwa une kumanikidzwa P, vhoriyamu V, uye tembiricha T. Kana pane imwe nguva tembiricha ikachinjwa kuita 2T, uye vhoriyamu kuita 3/2 V, saka chiyero chekumanikidzwa kwekutanga (P 1 ) kune kumanikidzwa kwekupedzisira (P 2 ) mushure mekunge V naT zvachinjwa ndeche….
A. 1: 3
B. 1: 2
C. 2 : 3
D. 3: 4
Chikamu 4: 3
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kumanikidzwa kwekutanga (P)1) = P
Vhoriyamu yekutanga (V)1) = V
Vhoriyamu yekupedzisira (V)2) = 3/2 V
Tembiricha yekutanga (T)1) = T
Kupisa kwekupedzisira (T)2) = 2T
Akabvunzwa: Kuenzanisa kwekumanikidzwa kwekutanga (P)1) uye kumanikidzwa kwekupedzisira (P2)
Mhinduro:
Kuenzanisa kwekumanikidzwa kwekutanga nekwekupedzisira:
P1 :P2
P: 4P/3
1: 4/3
3 (1): (3) 4/3
3: 4
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.
16. Gasi reokisijeni rine vhoriyamu V, tembiricha T, uye kumanikidzwa P riri musirindiri yakavharwa nevharuvhu. Kana vharuvhu ikadzvanywa, vhoriyamu yeokisijeni inova 3/4 V uye tembiricha inova 3/2 T, ipapo chiyero chekumanikidzwa kwekutanga nekumanikidzwa kwekupedzisira kwegasi….
A. P1 :P2 = 1 : 2
B. P1 :P2 = 2 : 3
C.P1 :P2 = 3 : 2
D.P1 :P2 = 3 : 4
E.P1 :P2 = 4 : 3
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kumanikidzwa kwekutanga (P)1) = P
Vhoriyamu yekutanga (V)1) = V
Vhoriyamu yekupedzisira (V)2) = 3/4 V
Tembiricha yekutanga (T)1) = T
Kupisa kwekupedzisira (T)2) = 3/2 T
Akabvunzwa: Kuenzanisa kwekumanikidzwa kwekutanga (P)1) uye kumanikidzwa kwekupedzisira (P2)
Mhinduro:
Kuenzanisa kwekumanikidzwa kwekutanga nekwekupedzisira:
P1 :P2
P: 2P
1: 2
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.
17. 2 marita emhepo yeokisijeni (O2)2) tembiricha 30 oC pakumanikidzwa kwe1 atm (1 atm = 105 Pa) iri muchubhu. Kana iri gasi risingachinji, R = 8,314 J mol-1 K-1 uye huwandu hwemamorekuru mu mole imwe yegasi i6,02 x 1023 mamorekuru, ipapo huwandu hwemamorekuru egasi yeokisijeni (O2)2) muchubhu mune…
A. 0,8 x 1023 molekile
B. 0,7 x 1023 molekile
C. 0,5 x 1023 molekile
D. 0,2 x 1023 molekile
E. 0,1 x 1023 molekile
Kukurukurirana:
Zvinozivikanwa :
VO2 = marita maviri = 2 dm3 = 2 x gumi-3 m3
T = 30 + 273 = 303 K
PATM = 105 Pa = 105 N / m2
NA = 6,02 x gumi23 mamorekuru/mol (Nhamba yaAvogadro)
R = 8,314 J mol-1 K-1
k = R/NA = 8,314/6,02 x 1023 = 1,38 x gumi-23 J/K
Huremu hwemamorekuru eO2 = 32 magiramu/mol = 32 kg/mol
Akabvunzwa :
Huwandu hwemamorekuru emhepo yeokisijeni (O2)2)
Jawab :
PV = NkT
Tsananguro: P = kumanikidzwa, V = vhoriyamu, N = nhamba yemamorekuru, k = Boltzmann constant
(105 N / m2)(2 x 10-3 m3) = N(1,38 x 10-23 J/K(303 K)(303 K)
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.
18. Vhoriyamu ye2 magiramu emhepo yeokisijeni O2 (Mr = 32) mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika (T = 0 oC naP = 1 atm) ndizvo…. R = 8,314 J/mol K, 1 atm = 105 Pa) ndizvo…
A. 1,4 m3
B. 2,0 m3
C. 2,3 m3
D. 2,5 m3
E. 3,0 m3
Kukurukurirana:
Zvinozivikanwa :
Misa O2 = 2 gramu
Huremu hwemamorekuru (Mr) O2 = magiramu makumi maviri/mol
T = 0 + 273 = 273 K
P = 105 N / m2
R = 8.314 J/mol K
Akabvunzwa :
Vhoriyamu?
Jawab :
Kwakabva mubvunzo:
Mibvunzo yeNational Examination Physics yeChikoro Chesekondari/Chikoro Chepamusoro Chebasa
