Mienzaniso gumi nerimwe yemafungu echiedza
Teererai zvirevo zvinotevera:
(1) Tsiva grid negrid ine nhamba yakakura yemitsara pamirimita imwe neimwe.
(2) Chiedza chinodonha kubva pabhuruu kuenda kune yero
(3) Chinja chiedza chinobuda kubva patsvuku kuenda pagirini
(4) Fambisa sikirini pedyo negridi
Zvinosanganisirwa mukuedza kuwedzera upamhi hwebhandi rinopenya mukuyedza kwe diffraction grating ndeizvi...
Kukurukurirana
Fomura yekupindirana kwemupata wakapetwa kaviri (kupindirana kwekuvaka):
Upamhi hwemugero (d) hudiki zvikuru kana tichienzanisa nedaro riri pakati pemugero nechidzitiro (L) zvekuti kona yacho idiki zvikuru. Kona yacho idiki zvekuti kukosha kwe sin θ kuri pedyo ne tangent θ.
chivi θ ≈ tan θ = y / L
Information:
y = upamhi hwebhendi rakajeka, n = kurongeka, λ = urefu hwemafungu, L = chinhambwe chiri pakati pegireti nechidzitiro, d = upamhi hwemupata.
d = 1 / (mitsara 4000 / cm) = 0,00025 cm
(1) Tsiva grid negrid ine nhamba yakakura yemitsara pamirimita imwe neimwe.
Muenzaniso:
d = 1 / (mitsara 1000 / cm) = 0,001 cm
d = 1 / (mitsara 2000 / cm) = 0,0005 cm
d = 1 / (mitsara 3000 / cm) = 0,0003 cm
d = 1 / (mitsara 4000 / cm) = 0,00025 cm
Zvichibva pakuverenga uku, kana nhamba yemitsara pamirimita imwe yakakura, saka upamhi hwemutsvina (d) hudiki. Zvichibva pafomura iri pamusoro, kana upamhi hwemutsvina (d) hudiki, saka upamhi hwebhandi rakajeka (y) hwakakura.
Chirevo ichi ndechechokwadi.
(2) Chiedza chinodonha kubva pabhuruu kuenda kune yero
Chiedza chebhuruu chinoonekwa kakawanda kupfuura chiedza chechero, zvakasiyana
Chiedza chebhuruu chine urefu hwemafungu madiki pane chiedza chechero.
Kana chiedza chikadonhedzwa kubva pabhuruu kuenda kune yero, ipapo kureba kwewavelength kunowedzera kukura.
Zvichibva pafomura iri pamusoro apa, kana urefu hwewavelength hwakakura, upamhi hwebhandi rakajeka (y) hwakakura.
Chirevo ichi ndechechokwadi.
(3) Chinja chiedza chinobuda kubva patsvuku kuenda pagirini
Chiedza chitsvuku chine frequency yakaderera pane chegirini, zvakasiyana
Chiedza chitsvuku chine urefu hwemafungu kupfuura chiedza cheyero.
Kana chiedza chikadonhedzwa kubva patsvuku kuenda pagirini, ipapo kureba kwewavelength kunova kudiki.
Zvichibva pafomura iri pamusoro apa, kana kureba kwewavelength kuri kudiki, hupamhi hwebhandi rakajeka (y) hudiki.
Mashoko aya haana kururama.
(4) Fambisa sikirini pedyo negridi
Kufambisa sikirini pedyo negrid zvinoreva kuderedza L. Zvichienderana nefomura iri pamusoro, kana daro riri pakati pegrid nescreen (L) riri diki, hupamhi hwebhandi rakajeka (y) hudiki.
Mashoko aya haana kururama.
2. Kupararira kwechiedza
Mukuyedza kwechiedza che diffraction uchishandisa 4.500 lines.cm -1 grating , pachidzitiro chakaiswa kure L kubva pa grating, daro rechipiri-odhi bright band i1 mm. Kana grating yakashandiswa ikatsiviwa neimwe grating ine 5.400 lines.cm -1 , saka daro rechipiri-odhi bright band rakayerwa kubva pakati bright band i...
A. 0,6 mm
B. 0,9 mm
C. 1,2 mm
D. 1,6 mm
E. 2,2 mm
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
d 1 = 1 / (mitsara 4500 / cm) = 1/4500 cm
n 1 = 2
y 1 = 1 mm = 0,1 cm
d 2 = 1 / (mitsetse 5400 / cm) = 1/ 5400 cm
n 2 = 2
Akabvunzwa: y 2
Mhinduro:
Fomura yekupindirana kwemupata wakapetwa kaviri (kupindirana kwekuvaka):
d sin θ = n λ
Upamhi hwemugero hudiki zvikuru kana tichienzanisa nenzvimbo iri pakati pemugero nechidzitiro saka kona idiki kwazvo. Kona yacho idiki zvekuti kukosha kwe sin theta kuri pedyo ne tangent theta.
chivi θ ≈ tan θ = y / L
d sin θ = n λ
d (y / L) = n λ
dy = n λ L
Information :
d = upamhi hwemugodhi, y = chinhambwe chiri pakati pechiedza chepakati nechiedza chenth order, n = order, λ = wavelength, L = chinhambwe chiri pakati pegring nescreen.
Kuedza 1:
d 1 y 1 = n 1 λ L
(1/4500)(0,1) = (2) λ L
0,1 / 4500 = (2) λ L
0,1 / (2)(4500) = λ L
0,1 / 9000 = λ L
Kuedza 2:
d 2 y 2 = n 2 λ L
(1/5400)(y 2 ) = (2) λ L
y 2 / 5400 = (2) λ L
y 2 / (2)(5400) = λ L
y 2 / 10.800 = λ L
Kureba kwechiedza (λ) chinoshandiswa kwakafanana uye daro riri pakati pegireti nechidzitiro (L) rakafananawo.
λ L = λ L
0,1 / 9000 = y 2 / 10.800
(0,1)(10.800) = (y 2 )(9000)
1080 = y 2 (9000)
y 2 = 1080 / 9000
y 2 = 0,12 cm
y 2 = 1,2 mm
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.
Kupindirana kwechiedza
3. Mipata miviri yakamanikana yakaparadzaniswa nedaro re 2 mm inovhenekerwa yakatwasuka. Pachidzitiro chiri mita imwe kubva pamipata, mutsetse wechina wakajeka unoumbwa, uri 1 mm kubva pamutsetse wepakati wakajeka. Kureba kwechiedza chinoshandiswa ndekwe…
A. 24 x 10 -6 m
B. 8,0 x 10 -6 m
C. 3,7 x 10 -6 m
D. 2,0 x 10 -6 m
E. 0,5 x 10 -6 m
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kureba pakati pemipata (d) = 2 mm = 2 x 10 -3 mamita
Odha (n) = 4
Daro riri pakati pechidzitiro nenzvimbo isina chinhu (l) = mita imwe
Kureba kwemutsetse wechitanhatu wakajeka kubva pamutsetse wepakati wakajeka (y) = 1 mm = 1 x 10 -3 metres = 10 -3 metres
Mubvunzo: Hurefu hwemafungu echiedza ( λ)
Mhinduro:
Fomura yekupindirana kwemupata wakapetwa kaviri (kupindirana kwekuvaka):
d sin θ = n λ
Daro riri pakati pemipata iri diki pane daro riri pakati pemipata nechidzitiro zvekuti kona iri diki kwazvo. Kona iri diki kwazvo zvekuti kukosha kwe sin θ kuri pedyo ne tangen θ.
Hurefu hwemafungu echiedza ( λ):
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiE.
4. Mukuyedza kwaYoung, zvidimbu zviviri zvakamanikana zvakashandiswa, chimwe nechimwe chakaparadzana ne3 mm, uye sikirini yakaiswa 1 m kubva pazvidimbu. Kana chiedza chechitanhatu chikagadzirwa chinhambwe che1 mm kubva pachiedza chepakati, saka kureba kwechiedza chakashandiswa...
A. 0,5 x 10 -6 m
B. 2,0 x 10 -6 m
C. 3,7 x 10 -6 m
D. 8,0 x 10 -6 m
E. 24 x 10 -6 m
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kureba pakati pemipata (d) = 3 mm = 3 x 10 -3 mamita
Odha (n) = 6
Daro riri pakati pechidzitiro nenzvimbo isina chinhu (l) = mita imwe
Kureba kwemutsetse wechitanhatu wakajeka kubva pamutsetse wepakati wakajeka (y) = 1 mm = 1 x 10 -3 metres = 10 -3 metres
Mubvunzo: Hurefu hwemafungu echiedza ( λ)
Mhinduro:
Hurefu hwemafungu echiedza ( λ):
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.
Hunhu hweMafungu eChiedza
5. Hunhu hwemafungu:
(1) chimiro chemafungu enguva refu
(2) inogona kuramba
(3) zvinogona kupindira
(4) inogona kupatsanurwa
(5) kupararira kwayo kunoda nzira
Chirevo chiri pamusoro apa chinoratidza mafungu echiedza ndicho nhamba…
A. (1), (2) uye (3)
B. (1), (2) uye (4)
C. (1), (3) uye (5)
D. (2), (3) uye (4)
E. (2), (2) uye (5)
Kukurukurirana
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.
6. 2015/2016 SMA/MA Mubvunzo weNyaya yeFizikisi Nhamba 29
Teererai chirevo chinotevera!
(1) Inogona kupindira
(2) Kusangana nekupatsanurana
(3) Kunzwa kupararira kwenzwi
(4) Kukambaira pasina nzira yekutaura
(5) Inogona kuratidzwa
Chirevo chakarurama pamusoro apa nezvehunhu hwemafungu eruzha ndechekuti...
A. (1), (2), uye (3)
B. (1), (3), uye (5)
C. (1), (4), uye (5)
D. (2), (3), uye (4)
E. (3), (4), uye (5)
Kukurukurirana
(2) Polarization inoitika nemafungu anochinjika. Mafungu eruzha ndiwo mafungu enguva refu.
(4) Mafungu anopararira pasina chinhu chinoshandiswa nemagetsi anongori mafungu emagetsi, mafungu eruzha mafungu emakanika anoda chinhu chinoshandiswa nemagetsi kuti ashande.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.
Kupatsanurwa kweDiffraction
7. Girazi re diffraction rine mitsetse 4.000 pa cm. Chiedza che monochromatic chinopenya pagirazi uye chinoburitsa mutsetse wakajeka wechipiri. Kana kona yekutsauka iri 30 ° , saka wavelength yechiedza iri… (1 Å = 10 -10 m)
A. 8.000 Å
B. 6.250 Å
C. 5.000 Å
D. 4.500 Å
E. 4.000 Å
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Chinokwana pamadziro (d) = 1 / (mitsetse 4000 / cm) = 0,00025 cm = 2,5 x 10 -4 cm = 2,5 x 10 -6 mamita
Odha (n) = 2
chivi 30 o = 0,5
1 Å = 10 -10 m
Mubvunzo: Kureba kwechiedza (λ)
Mhinduro:
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.
8. Mwaranzi wechiedza che monochromatic chine urefu hwe 2.5 kusvika 10 -7 m unorova grating ine makwara zviuru gumi (10.000)/cm. Kona yemutsara wechipiri unopenya ndeyei?
A. 30 o
B. 37 o
C. 45 o
D. 53 o
E. 60 o
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Chinokwana pamadziro (d) = 1 / (mitsetse 10.000 / cm) = 0,0001 cm = 1 x 10 -4 cm = 1 x 10 -6 mamita
Odha (n) = 2
Hurefu hwemafungu echiedza (λ) = 2,5 x 10 -7 metres
Akabvunzwa: Angle (θ)
Mhinduro:
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.
9. Kupindirana kwemugero wekatsemuka kaviri
Mwenje weyero unodonhedzwa pamipata miviri, zvichikonzera kupindira kunooneka pachiratidziro. Kubva pane zvinotevera:
(1) Bhandi rinopenya richawedzera kupenya kana chiedza cheyero chikatsiviwa nebhuruu
(2) Bhandi rakajeka richawedzera kukura kana daro riri pakati pemipata rikaderedzwa.
( 3) Kana chiedza chiri kure nepakati, simba racho rinoderera.
(4) kana kure nechiedza chepakati, simba rinoramba riripo.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeyekuti…
A. (1), (3) uye (4)
B. (1) uye (3) chete
C. (1) uye (4) chete
D. (2) uye (3) chete
E. (2) uye (4) chete
Kukurukurirana
Daro riri pakati pemipata iri diki pane daro riri pakati pemipata nechidzitiro zvekuti kona iri diki kwazvo. Kona iri diki kwazvo zvekuti kukosha kwe sin θ kuri pedyo ne tangen θ.
Fomura yekupindirana kwezvidimbu zviviri (kupindirana kwekuvaka)
Information :
d = chinhambwe chiri pakati pemipata, y = chinhambwe chemutsetse wakajeka wenth kubva pamutsetse wakajeka wepakati, l = chinhambwe chiri pakati pechidzitiro nepamupata, n = kurongeka, λ = p wavelength yechiedza.
(1) Bhandi rinopenya richawedzera kupenya kana chiedza cheyero chikatsiviwa nebhuruu
Zvichibva pafomura iyi, huwandu hwemitsara yakajeka (n) hunoenderana nehukuru hwewavelength ( λ). Kana urefu hwewavelength huri hudiki, huwandu hwemitsara yakajeka (n) hwakakura. Chiedza cheyero chine urefu hwewavelength hwakareba (frequency yakaderera) pane chiedza chebhuruu. Kana chiedza cheyero chikatsiviwa nechiedza chebhuruu, urefu hwewavelength hudiki, saka huwandu hwemitsara yakajeka (n) hwakakura.
Chirevo ichi ndechechokwadi.
(2) Bhandi rakajeka richawedzera kukura kana daro riri pakati pemipata rikaderedzwa.
Zvichibva pafomura iri pamusoro apa, daro riri pakati pemitsetse (d) rinoenderana zvakananga nenhamba yemitsetse yakajeka (n). Kana daro riri pakati pemitsetse rikaderedzwa, nhamba yemitsetse yakajeka (n) ichaderera.
Mashoko aya haana kururama.
(3) Kana chiedza chiri kure nepakati, simba racho rinoderera.
Kusimba kwakabatana nehukuru hwekupenya. Kusimba kwacho kunoenderana nekureba; kana daro rakakura, simba rayo rinoderera (chiedza chinodzikira).
Chirevo ichi ndechechokwadi.
(4) Kana kure nechiedza chepakati, simba rinoramba riripo.
Mashoko aya haana kururama.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.
10. Mwenje wechiedza chemonochromatic une urefu hwemamita 5.10 -7 unonangidzirwa zvakananga kune grating. Kana daro riri pakati pechidzitiro negrating riri 2 m uye chiedza chechitatu chikaitika pachidzitiro chiri chinhambwe che150 cm kubva pachiedza chepakati, saka daro riri pakati pemipata iri….
- 4.10-6 m
- 3.10-6 m
- 2.10-6 m
- 3.10-7 m
- 2.10-7 m
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Hurefu hwemafungu (λ) = 5 x 10-7 mita
l = mamita maviri
n = 3
y = 150 cm = 1,5 metres
Akabvunzwa: risiti yenguva dzose
Mhinduro:
chivi θ ≈ tan θ = y / l = 1,5 / 2 = 0,75 = 75 x 10 -2
Kureba pakati pemipata:
d sin θ = n λ
d (75.10)-2) = (3)(5.10-7)
d (75.10)-2= = 15.10-7
d = (15.10-7) / (75.10-2)
d = (15/75).10-5
d = (1/5)(10-5mamita
d = (0,2)(10-5mamita
d = 2.10-6 mita
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.
11. Mwenje wechiedza che monochromatic une urefu hwemafungu e500 nm (1 nano = 10 -9 ) wakatarisana ne grating . Kana chiedza chechina chikaita kona yekutsauka ye30 o , huwandu hwemitsara pa cm imwe neimwe ye grating nde….
- 3000
- 2500
- 1250
- 1000
- 250
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kureba kwewave (λ) = 500.10-9 mamita = 5.10-7 mita
θ = 30o
n = 4
Akabvunzwa: nhamba yemitsetse pa cm imwe neimwe yegrid
Mhinduro:
Kureba pakati pemipata:
d sin θ = n λ
d (chivi 30o) = (4)(5.10-7)
d (0,5) = 20.10-7
d = (20.10-7/ 0,5
d = 40.10-7
d = 4.10-6 mita
Huwandu hwemitsara pa cm imwe neimwe yegrid:
x = 1 / 4.10-6 mita
x = 0,25.106 mutsetse / mita
x = 0,25.106 mutsetse / 102 cm
x = 0,25.104 mutsetse / cm
x = 25.102 mutsetse / cm
x = 2500 mitsetse / cm
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.
Manyuko eMubvunzo:
2015/2016 SMA/MA Physics UN mibvunzo
