Muenzaniso wemubvunzo wefizikisi pamusoro pepfungwa yekubatana kwezviitiko, simba rekubatanidza maatomu

Mienzaniso mipfumbamwe yemibvunzo yefizikisi yenyukireya pamusoro pekubatana kwekubatana uye simba rekubatanidza atomiki

1. Tarisa maitiro anotevera ekubatanidza kwenyukireya:
₁H² + ₁H³ → ₂He⁴ + ₀n¹ +E
Kana huremu ₁H² = 2,014 amu, huremu ₁H³ = 3,016 amu, huremu hwe α particle = 4,0026 amu uye huremu hwe neutron = 1,0084 amu, zvino simba rinogadzirwa ndiro…. (1 amu yakaenzana ne 931 MeV)
A. 18,62 MeV
B. 17,69 MeV
C. 16,76 MeV
D. 15,73 MeV
E. 14,89 MeV
Kukurukurirana
Huwandu hwezvinhu zvinokonzeresa utachiona nezvigadzirwa:
Huremu hwe reactant (m_reactants) = 2,014 sma + 3,016 sma = 5,03 sma
Huremu hwechigadzirwa (m_chigadzirwa) = 4,0026 sma + 1,0084 sma = 5,011 sma
Kurasikirwa kwehuwandu panguva yemhinduro:
Δm = m_reactants -m_chigadzirwa
Δm = 5,03 sma - 5,011 sma
Δm = 0,019 sma
Huremu hunorasika mukubatana kwemasero i0,019 amu.
1 amu yakaenzana ne931 MeV yesimba. 0,019 amu yakaenzana ne0,019 x 931 MeV = 17,689 MeV = 17,69 MeV.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

2. Teererai zvinotevera zvinoitika munyukireya!
₆C¹³ + ₁H² → ₆C¹⁴ + ₁H¹ + simba
Kana huremu hwenucleus huchizivikanwa:
₆C¹³ = 13,0033 sma
₁H² = 2,0141 sma
₆C¹⁴ = 14,0030 sma
₁H¹ = 1,0078 sma
Kana huremu hwe1 amu hwakaenzana nesimba re931 MeV, saka simba rinoitika mukuita kwenyukireya...
A. 5.5860 MeV
B. 6.1446 MeV
C. 6.1412 MeV
D. 6.2320 MeV
E. 6.2377 MeV
Kukurukurirana
Huwandu hwezvinhu zvinokonzeresa utachiona nezvigadzirwa:
Huremu hwe reactant (m_reactants) = 13,0033 sma + 2,0141 sma = 15,0174 sma
Huremu hwechigadzirwa (m_chigadzirwa) = 14,0030 sma + 1,0078 sma = 15,0108 sma
Kurasikirwa kwehuwandu panguva yemhinduro:
Δm = reactant – mproduct
Δm = 15,0174 sma - 15,0108 sma
Δm = 0,0066 sma
Huremu hwakarasika mukuita kwenyukireya i0,0066 amu.
1 amu yakaenzana ne931 MeV yesimba. 0,0066 amu yakaenzana ne0,0066 x 931 MeV = 6,1446 MeV yesimba.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

3. Teererai zvinotevera fusion reaction!
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Pasita ₁H¹ = 1,0078 sma
Pasita ₁d² = 2,01410 sma
Huremu = 0,00055 amu
1 amu = 931 MeV
Kukosha kweE (simba rinogadzirwa) mukuita kwefusion ndiko…

A. 0,44 MeV
B. 0,88 MeV
C. 0,98 MeV
D. 1,02 MeV
E. 1,47 MeV

Kukurukurirana

Huwandu hwezvinhu zvinokonzeresa utachiona uye zvigadzirwa :
Huremu hwe reactant (m_reactants) = 1,0078 sma + 1,0078 sma = 2,0156 sma
Huremu hwechigadzirwa (m_chigadzirwa) = 2,01410 sma + 0,00055 sma = 2,01465 sma
Kurasikirwa kwehuwandu panguva yemhinduro :
Δm = m_reactants -m_chigadzirwa
Δm = 2,01560 sma - 2,01465 sma
Δm = 0,00095 sma
Huremu hunorasika mukubatana kwemasero i0,00095 amu.

1 sma yakaenzana ne simba kusvika 931 MeV. 0,00095 amu yakaenzana nesimba re0,00095 x 931 MeV = 0,88445 MeV.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

Information :
Amu = atomic mass unit
MeV = mega electron volt (chikamu chesimba).

4. Huremu hwenyukireya _hwe4 Be ⁹ = 9,0121 amu, huremu hweproton = 1,0078 amu uye huremu hweneutron = 1,0086 amu. Kana 1 amu yakaenzana nesimba re931 MeV, saka simba rinosunga reatomu _re4 Be ⁹ ndiro…

A. 51,39 MeV
B. 57,82 MeV
C. 62,10 MeV
D. 90,12 MeV
E. 90,74 MeV

Kukurukurirana
Huremu hweatomu hahuenzani nehuremu hwakabatana hwemaprotoni, manyuturoni, nemaerekitironi zvinoumba atomu. Kana mapurotoni, manyuturoni, nemaerekitironi zvichibatana kuti zvigadzire atomu, atomu rinobuda rine huremu hushoma pane huwandu hwehuremu hwemaprotoni, maerekitironi, nemauretoni zvinoumba atomu. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti humwe huremu hunorasika. Huremu hunorasika hwakaenzana nesimba rinoburitswa panguva yekuumbwa kweatomu. Kusiyana neizvi, zvinotora simba rakaenzana nesimba rinoburitswa panguva yekuumbwa kweatomu kuti riparadze atomu kusvika mapurotoni, manyuturoni, nemaerekitironi zvinoumba atomu zvaparadzana. Huwandu uhu hwesimba hwakaenzana ne simba rekubatanidza maatomu.

Zvinozivikanwa :
Nhamba yemapurotoni = 4
Nhamba yemanyutroni = 9 – 4 = 5
Huremu hwepakati ₄Be⁹ = 9,0121 sma
Huremu hwemapurotoni = 1,0078 amu
Huremu hwemanyutroni = 1,0086 amu
1 amu yakaenzana nesimba re931 MeV
Akabvunzwa : Simba rekubatanidza atomu ₄Be⁹
Jawab :

Huremu hwemapurotoni nemanyutroni :
Huremu hwemapurotoni ese = 4 x 1,0078 amu = 4,0312 amu
Huremu hwemanyuturoni ese = 5 x 1,0086 amu = 5,043 amu  
Huremu hweprotoni nenyutroni = 4,0312 amu + 5,043 amu = 9,0742 amu
Kushayikwa kwehuremu :
Huremu hwemapurotoni nemanyutroni – huremu hwenucleus = 9,0742 amu – 9,0121 amu = 0,0621 amu
Simba rinoburitswa = simba rekubatanidza maatomu :
0,0621 amu x 931 MeV = 57,82 MeV
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

Tsananguro: sma = atomic mass unit, sMeV = mega electronVolt (energy unit)

_{5. Uranium 92} U ²³⁸ atomic nucleus = 238,0508 amu. Proton mass (m _p ) = 1,0078 amu. Neutron mass (m _n ) = 1.0086 amu. (1 amu = 931 MeV) zvino simba rinosunga reuranium ₉₂ U ²³⁸ atomu ndiro…

A. 9271,76 MeV
B. 2830,50 MeV
C. 2399,73 MeV
D. 1922,24 MeV
E. 1789,75 MeV

Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa :
Nhamba yemapurotoni = 92
Nhamba yemanyutroni = 238 – 92 = 146
Huremu hwepakati = 238,0508 amu
Huremu hwemapurotoni = 1,0078 amu
Huremu hwemanyutroni = 1.0086 amu
Akabvunzwa : Simba rekubatanidza atomu ₄Be⁹
Jawab :
Huremu hwemapurotoni nemanyutroni :
Huremu hwemapurotoni ese = 92 x 1,0078 amu = 92,7176 amu
Huremu hwemanyuturoni ese = 146 x 1,0086 amu = 147,2556 amu 
Huremu hweprotoni nenyutroni = 92,7176 amu + 147,2556 amu = 239,9732 sma
Kushayikwa kwehuremu :
huremu hwemapurotoni nemanyutroni – huremu hwenucleus = 239,9732 amu – 238,0508 amu = 1,9224 amu
Simba rinoburitswa = simba rekubatanidza maatomu :
1,9224 amu x 931 MeV = 1789,75 MeV
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiE.

6. Mabhenefiti eradioisotopes muhupenyu anosanganisira:
(1) senzira yekudonhedza mapombi
(2) sechinotsiva zvishandiso zvekuvhiya
(3) zvinochengetedza chikafu
(4) Inokurumidza kupisa chikafu
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeyekuti…
A. (1), (2) uye (3)
B. (1), (2) uye (4)
C. (2), (3) uye (4)
D. (1) na (3)
E. (2) uye (4)
Kukurukurirana
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.

7. Zvirevo zvinotevera:
(1) kurapwa nemwaranzi
(2) kuyera huwandu hwemvura muvhu
(3) semuteveri wezvinyorwa
(4) kuziva kuti zvinhu zvakasara zvakambovapo kare kare
Kushandiswa kwema radioisotopes mubazi rezvehutano kuri...
A. (1). (2), (3) uye (4)
B. (1), (2) uye (3)
C. (1) uye (3)
D. (2) na (4)
E. (4)
Kukurukurirana
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.

8. Radioisotope C-14 inogona kushandiswa….
A. kuona mashandiro egland re thyroid
B. kuziva kushanda kwebasa remoyo
C. kuuraya masero egomarara
D. kuona zvinhu zvekunyepera zveceramic
E. kuziva nguva yemafossil
Kukurukurirana
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiE.

9. Iyo radioisotope iodine-131 inoshandiswa nevanhu….
A. kuona matumbu e thyroid
B. kuona chirwere chemapfupa
C. kuuraya masero egomarara
D. sarudza zera rezvisaririra
E. kuongorora zvinhu pasina kuzvikuvadza
Kukurukurirana
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.

Kwakabva mubvunzo:

Mibvunzo yeNational Examination Physics yeChikoro Chesekondari/Chikoro Chepamusoro Chebasa