Muenzaniso wemibvunzo yeBlack Principle

Mienzaniso gumi nemishanu yeMibvunzo yeNheyo dzeBlack

1. Aizi inorema 0,2 kg inosanganiswa netii inodziya inorema 0,2 kg. Tembiricha yeaizi = – 10^oC, tembiricha inodziya yetii = 40^oC. Kupisa kwechando chakananga = 2100 J/kg C^o, kupisa kwemvura chaiyo = 4200 J/kg C^o, kupisa kwekusanganiswa kwemvura = 334.000 J/kg. Kana chando netii inopisa zvakasanganiswa muchimiro chakavharwa, sarudza tembiricha yekupedzisira yemusanganiswa.

Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa :
Huremu hwechando (m es) = 0,2 kg
Huremu hwemvura inodziya yetii (m tii) = 0,2 kg
Kupisa kwemvura chaiyo (c mvura) = 4180 J/kg C^o
Kupisa kwechando (c es) = 2100 J/kg C^o
Kupisa kwekubatana kwemvura (L)_f mvura) = 334.000 J/kg
Kupisa kwechando (T es) = -10^oC
Tembiricha yemvura yetii inodziya (tii T) = 40^oC
Akabvunzwa : tembiricha yekupedzisira yemusanganiswa (musanganiswa weT) ?
Jawab :
Danho rekutanga, fungidzira mamiriro ekupedzisira.
Kupisa kunofanira kuburitswa nemvura kuti kuderedzwa tembiricha ye 0,2 kg yetii inodziya kubva pa 40^oC kusvika ku0^oVS:
Kupisa kunotorwa ne 0,2 kg yechando kuti kukwidze tembiricha yaro kubva -10^oC kusvika ku0^oVS:
Kupisa kunonyunguduka kusvika 0,2 kg yechando (kupisa kunodiwa kuti chando chose chishandurwe kuita mvura):
Zvichibva pakuverenga kuri pamusoro apa, mhedzisiro inotevera yakawanikwa:
Q yakaburitswa = 33,444 kJ
Q yakagamuchirwa = 4,2 kJ
Kunyunguduka kweQ = 66,8 kJ

Kana tii inopisa ikaburitsa 33,44 kJ yekupisa, tembiricha yetii inopisa inochinja kubva pa40oC kuenda pa0oC. Kumwe kupisa kunoburitswa (kunenge 4,2 kJ) kunoshandiswa kukwidza tembiricha yechando kubva pa -10°C kusvika pa0°C. ^oC kusvika ku0^oC. 33,44 kJ – 4,2 kJ = 29,24 kJ. Kuti chando chose chinyunguduke mumvura, 66,8 kJ yekupisa inodiwa. Kupisa kwasara i29,24 kJ.

Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti kupisa kunoburitswa netii inodziya kunoshandiswa chete kukwidza tembiricha yechando kubva pa -10 ^oC kusvika ku0^oC uye inonyungudutsa imwe chando. Imwe chando inoshanduka kuita mvura, imwe haina kuchinja. Munguva yekuchinja kubva kune yakasimba kuenda kune mvura, tembiricha haichinji. Saka, tembiricha yekupedzisira yemusanganiswa i0^oC.

2. Huremu hwetii inopisa = 0,4 kg, huremu hwechando = 0,2 kg, tembiricha yemacubes echando = -10^oC, tembiricha yetii inopisa = 90^oC. Kana zvose zvakasanganiswa, tembiricha yekupedzisira yemusanganiswa ndeyei?
Kukurukurirana
Danho rekutanga: fungidzira mamiriro ekupedzisira
Kupisa kunofanira kuburitswa nemvura kuti kuderedzwa tembiricha ye 0,4 kg yemvura inopisa yetii kubva pa 90^oC kusvika ku0^oVS:
Kupisa kunogamuchirwa ne 0,2 kg yechando kunowedzera tembiricha yayo kubva -10^oC kusvika ku0^oVS:
Kupisa kunodiwa kuti 0,2 kg yechando inyunguduke (kupisa kunodiwa kuti chando chose chishandurwe kuita mvura):
Zvichibva pakuverenga kuri pamusoro apa, mhedzisiro inotevera yakawanikwa:
Q yakaburitswa = 150,48 kJ
Q yakagamuchirwa = 4,2 kJ
Kunyunguduka kweQ = 66,8 kJ
Kana tii inopisa ichiburitsa 150,48 kJ yekupisa, tembiricha yetii inopisa inochinja kubva pa90oC kuenda pa0oC. Kumwe kupisa kunoburitswa (4,2 J) kunoshandiswa kukwidza tembiricha yechando kubva pa -10 oC kusvika pa0oC. 150,48 kJ – 4,8 kJ = 146,28 kJ. Kupisa kwasara = 146,28 kJ.
Kupisa kunodiwa kuti chando chose chinyunguduke mumvura i66,8 kJ chete. 146,28 kJ – 66,8 kJ = 79,48 kJ. Tii inopisa haidi kuburitsa kupisa kwayo kwese kusvika tembiricha yayo yadzikira kusvika pa0^oC. Mukupedzisa, tembiricha yekupedzisira yemusanganiswa inofanira kunge yakakura kupfuura 0^oC.

Danho rechipiri: sarudza tembiricha yekupedzisira (T)
Kupisa kunodiwa kuti kukwidze tembiricha yechando kubva pa -10^oC kusvika ku0^oC i4200 J.
Kupisa kunodiwa kuti chando chose chinyunguduke mumvura (kupisa kwakavanzika) = 66.800 J
Kupisa kunodiwa kuti kukwidze tembiricha yemvura (mvura inobva mukunyungudutsa chando chose) kubva pa0^oKubva kuC kusvika kuT^oC = (huremu hwechando) (kupisa kwemvura chaiyo) (T - 0) = (0,2) (4180) (T) = 836 T
Kupisa kunoburitswa netii inodziya kuderedza tembiricha yayo kubva pa90oC kusvika paT = (huwandu hwemvura) (90-T) = (0,4) (4180) (90 - T) = 1672 (90-T) = 150.480 - 1672 T

 

3. 60 magiramu emvura patembiricha ye90^oC (kupisa kwemvura chaiyo = 1 cal.g^-1.^oC^-1yakasanganiswa nemagiramu makumi mana emvura yakafanana patembiricha ye25^oC. Kana pasina zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa maitiro aya, saka tembiricha yekupedzisira yemusanganiswa ndeye…

A. 15,4 ^oC
B. 23,0 ^oC
C. 46,0 ^oC
D. 64,0 ^oC
E. 77,0 ^oC

Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa :
Huremu hwemvura 1 (m₁) = magiramu 60
Kupisa kwemvura 1 (T)₁= = 90^oC
Huremu hwemvura 2 (m₂) = magiramu 40
Kupisa kwemvura 2 (T)₂= = 25^oC
Kupisa kwakananga mvura (c) = 1 cal.g^-1.^oC^-1
Akabvunzwa : suhu musanganiswa wekupedzisira
Jawab :
Kupisa kunoburitswa nemvura inopisa zvakanyanya (Q inoburitswa) = kupisa kunopindirwa nemvura inopisa zvishoma (Q inopindirwa)
m₁ c (ΔT) = m₂ c (ΔT)
(60)(1)(90 – T) = (40)(1)(T – 25)
(60)(90 – T) = (40)(T – 25)
5400 – 60T = 40T – 1000
5400 + 1000 = 40T + 60T
6400 = 100T
T = 6400/100
T = 64^oC
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.

4. Chidimbu chearuminiyamu chine huremu hwemagiramu mazana mashanu uye tembiricha ye30 ^oC inoiswa mumudziyo une mvura ine huremu hwemagiramu 200 uye tembiricha ye90 ^oC. Kana kupisa kwearuminiyamu kuchizivikanwa kuti kuri 0,22 cal/g C^o uye kupisa kwemvura chaiyo i1 cal/g C^o, ipapo tembiricha yekupedzisira yemvura nearuminiyamu...
A. 20,3 ^oC
B. 42,2 ^oC
C. 68,7 ^oC
D. 80,5 ^oC
E. 100 ^oC
Kukurukurirana:
Chikamu chehuremu, magiramu (g) ​​hachifanirwe kuchinjwa kuita makirogiramu (kg) nekuti kupisa kwearuminiyamu nekupisa kwemvura kunoratidzwa mu cal/g C^o.
Zvinozivikanwa :
m aruminiyamu = 500 magiramu
aruminiyamu c = 0,22 cal/gC^o
T aruminiyamu = 30 ^oC
m mvura = 200 magiramu
c mvura = 1 cal/gC^o
Mvura yeT = 90 ^oC
Akabvunzwa :
Kupisa kwekupedzisira (T) kwemvura nearuminiyamu?
Jawab :

Fomura yekupisa : Q = (m)(c)(delta T)

Q mvura = = (200 magiramu)(1 cal/gC^o)(90 ^oC – T)
Q aruminiyamu = (500 magiramu)(0,22 cal/gC^o)(T– 30 ^oC)

Fomura yekutanga yeBlack :Q _yadzimwa =Q _sveta

Mvura ine tembiricha yepamusoro yekutanga (90 ^oC) kuitira kuti mvura ibudise kupisa, aruminiyamu ine tembiricha yekutanga yakaderera (30 ^oC) kuitira kuti aruminiyamu itore kupisa. Tembiricha yekupedzisira yemusanganiswa wemvura nearuminiyamu inofanira kunge yakaderera pane tembiricha yekutanga yemvura uye yakakwirira pane tembiricha yekutanga yearuminiyamu.
(200 magiramu)(1 cal/gC^o)(90 ^oC – T) = (500 magiramu)(0,22 cal/g C^o)(T– 30 ^oC)
(200)(1)(90-T) = (500)(0,22)(T-30)
(200)(90-T) = (110)(T-30)
18000 – 200 T = 110 T – 3300
18000 + 3300 = 110 T + 200 T
21300 = 310 T
T = 68,7 ^oC
Tembiricha yekupedzisira yekusanganiswa kwemvura nearuminiyamu i68,7 ^oC.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.

5. Chidimbu chesimbi chine huremu hwemagiramu mazana matatu patembiricha ye80 ^oC yakanyikwa mumagiramu 200 emvura pa40 ^oC. Kupisa kwemvura chaiyo = 1 cal/g C^oKana tembiricha yekupedzisira yemusanganiswa wesimbi nemvura iri 50^o C uye mudziyo wacho hautore kupisa, saka kupisa kwesimbi chaiyo ndiko…
A. 0,15 cal/g C^o
B. 0,22 cal/g C^o
C. 1,50 cal/g C^o
D. 4,8 cal/g C^o
E. 7,2 cal/g C^o
Kukurukurirana:
Zvinozivikanwa :
m simbi = 300 magiramu
T simbi = 80 ^oC
m mvura = 200 magiramu
Mvura yeT = 40 ^oC
c mvura = 1 cal/g C^o
Musanganiswa wekupedzisira wesimbi nemvura = 50 ^oC
Akabvunzwa :
c simbi?
Jawab :
Q simbi = (m)(c)(delta T) = (300 magiramu)(c simbi)(80^oC - 50^oC) = (300 magiramu)(c simbi)(30 C^o)
Mvura yeQ = (m)(c)(delta T) = (200 magiramu)(1 cal/g C^o)(60^oC - 50^oC) = (200 magiramu)(1 cal/g C^o)(10 C^o)

Fomura yekutanga yeBlack :Q _yadzimwa =Q _sveta

Simbi yacho ine tembiricha yekutanga yakakwira (80 ^oC) kuitira kuti simbi ibudise kupisa, mvura ine tembiricha yekutanga yakaderera (40 ^oC) kuitira kuti mvura itore kupisa.
(300 magiramu)(c simbi)(30 C^o) = (200 magiramu)(1 cal/g C^o)(10 C^o)
(300)(c)(30) = (200)(1)(10)
9000 c = 2000
c = 2000 / 9000
c = 0,22 cal/g C^o
Kupisa kwesimbi chaiyo ndeye 0,22 cal/g C^o.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

6. Mabhora maviri akafanana ane tembiricha yakaenzana ye40 ^oC, mabhora maviri aya ane huremu hwemagiramu gumi nemana uye magiramu makumi mana zvichiteerana. Mabhora ese ari maviri anoiswa mumvura, kuitira kuti tembiricha yemabhora ese maviri ikwire kusvika pamakumi matanhatu.^oC. Kana kupisa kwebhora kuri 2 cal/gr C^o uye 1 calorie = 4,2 Joules, saka musiyano wekupisa kunotorwa nebhora rega rega ndewe...
A. 5,04 x 10³ Joule
B. 7,50 x 10³ Joule
C. 10,6 x 10³ Joule
D. 40 x 10³ Joule
E. 42 x 10³ Joule
Kukurukurirana:
Zvinozivikanwa :
m₁ = 10 gramu
m₂ = 40 gramu
T₁ =T₂ = 40 ^oC
T _end = 60 ^oC
bhora re c = 2 cal/gr C^o
Akabvunzwa :
Musiyano uripo pakati pekupisa kunotorwa nebhora rega rega ndeupi?
Jawab :
Kupisa kwemabhora ese ari maviri kunowedzera nekuti mabhora ese ari maviri anofanira kunwa kupisa.
Q₁ = (10 gr)(2 cal/gr C^o)(60^oC–40^oC) = (10 gr)(2 cal/gr C^o)(20 C^o) = 400 cal = (400) (4,2 J) = 1680 Joules
Q₂ = (40 gr)(2 cal/gr C^o)(60^oC–40^oC) = (40 gr)(2 cal/gr C^o)(20 C^o) = 1600 cal = (1600) (4,2 J) = 6720 Joules
Musiyano uripo pakati pekupisa kunotorwa nebhora rega rega:
6720 J – 1680 J = 5040 J = 5,04 x 10³ J
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.

7. Mvura inorema magiramu mazana maviri patembiricha ye30°C inosanganiswa nemvura inopisa inorema magiramu zana patembiricha ye90°C. (Kupisa kwemvura chaiyo = 1 cal.gram^-1° C^-1). Tembiricha yemvura yakasanganiswa panguva yekuenzana kwekupisa ndeye….

A. 10°C

B. 30°C

C. 50°C

D. 75°C

E. 150°C

Kukurukurirana

Zvinozivikanwa :

Huremu hwemvura 1 (m₁) = magiramu 200

Kupisa kwemvura 1 (T)₁= = 30^oC

Huremu hwemvura 2 (m₂) = magiramu 100

Kupisa kwemvura 2 (T)₂= = 90^oC

Kupisa kwemvura chaiyo (c) = 1 cal.gram^-1° C^-1

Akabvunzwa : tembiricha yekupedzisira yemusanganiswa

Jawab :

Kupisa kunoburitswa nemvura inopisa zvakanyanya (Q inoburitswa) = kupisa kunopindirwa nemvura inopisa zvishoma (Q inopindirwa)

Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.

8. Akusvika magiramu makumi matanhatu patembiricha ye90^oC (kupisa kwemvura chaiyo = 1 cal.g^-1.^oC^-1yakasanganiswa nemagiramu makumi mana emvura yakafanana patembiricha ye25^oC. Kana pasina zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa maitiro aya, saka tembiricha yekupedzisira yemusanganiswa ndeye…

A. 15,4 ^oC

B. 23,0 ^oC

C. 46,0 ^oC

D. 64,0 ^oC

E. 77,0 ^oC

Kukurukurirana

Zvinozivikanwa :

Huremu hwemvura 1 (m₁) = magiramu 60

Kupisa kwemvura 1 (T)₁= = 90^oC

Huremu hwemvura 2 (m₂) = magiramu 40

Kupisa kwemvura 2 (T)₂= = 25^oC

Kupisa kwemvura chaiyo (c) = 1 cal.g^-1.^oC^-1

Akabvunzwa : tembiricha yekupedzisira yemusanganiswa

Jawab :

Kupisa kunoburitswa nemvura inopisa zvakanyanya (Q inoburitswa) = kupisa kunopindirwa nemvura inopisa zvishoma (Q inopindirwa)

Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.

9. Aizi ine huremu hweM gramu patembiricha ye0^oC, inoiswa mumvura inorema magiramu 340 patembiricha ye20^oC yakaiswa mumudziyo wakakosha. Ngatitii mudziyo hautore/haubudise kupisa. Kana L_es = 80 cal g^-1, c_mhepo = 1 cal g^{-1 o}C^-1, chando chose chinonyunguduka uye kuenzana kwekupisa kunosvikwa patembiricha ye5^oC, ipapo huremu hwechando (M) ndi…

A. 60 magiramu

B. 68 magiramu

C. 75 magiramu

D. 80 magiramu

E. 170 magiramu

Kukurukurirana

Zvinozivikanwa :

Huremu hwemvura (m) = 340 magiramu

Kupisa kwechando (T)_es= = 0^oC

Tembiricha yemvura (T)_mhepo= = 20^oC

Tembiricha yekuenzana kwekupisa (T) = 5^oC

Kupisa kwekubatana kwechando (L)_es) = 80 cal g^-1

Kupisa kwemvura chaiyo (c)_mhepo) = 1 cal g^{-1 o}C^-1

Akabvunzwa : Huwandu hwechando (M)

Jawab :

Nheyo yeVatema inoti muhurongwa hwakavharwa hwakaparadzana, kupisa kunoburitswa nechinhu chinodziya zvakanyanya kwakafanana nekupisa kunotorwa nechinhu chinodziya zvishoma.

Kupisa kunoburitswa nemvura (Q inoburitswa) = kupisa kunopfurwa nechando (Q inopfurwa)

Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.

Catatan :

Kana zvikanzi chando chine tembiricha ye0^o mvura inenge ichiri muchimiro chakasimba. Kana zvikanzi tembiricha yemvura ndeye 0^oC ipapo mvura inenge iri muchimiro chemvura. Siyanisa mashandisirwo emazwi ekuti chando nemvura. Nekuti mvura ichiri muchimiro chechando kana kuti chando, kupisa kunotanga kwatorwa kunoshandiswa kunyungudutsa chando chose kuita mvura, saka kurudyi kwe equation iri pamusoro, fomura inowedzerwa kuverenga huwandu hwekupisa kunonyungudutsa chando (m_es L_esKana chando chose chanyunguduka kuita mvura, kupisa kwakawedzerwa kunoshandiswa kukwidza tembiricha yechando kubva pa0.^oC inova 5^oC.

10. Simbi yemhangura patembiricha ye100^oC inoiswa mumvura ine huremu hwemagiramu 128 uye tembiricha ye30 ^oC. Kupisa kwemvura chaiyo 1 cal.g^-1oC^-1 uye kupisa kwemhangura chaiyo ndeye 0,1 cal.g^-1oC^-1Kana kuenzana kwekupisa kukaitika patembiricha ye36 ^oC, saka huremu hwesimbi ndi….

A. 140 magiramu

B. 120 magiramu

C. 100 magiramu

D. 80 magiramu

E. 75 magiramu

Kukurukurirana

Zvinozivikanwa kuti:

Tembiricha yemhangura (T)₁= = 100 ^oC

Kupisa kwakananga kwemhangura (c)₁) = 0,1 cal.g^-1oC^-1

Huremu hwemvura (m₂) = magiramu 128

Tembiricha yemvura (T)₂= = 30 ^oC

Kupisa kwemvura chaiyo (c)₂) = 1 cal.g^-1oC^-1

Tembiricha yekuenzana kwekupisa (T) = 36 ^oC

Akabvunzwa: Huremu hwemhangura (m₁)

Mhinduro:

Nheyo yaBlack inoti kupisa kunoburitswa nechinhu chinodziya zvakanyanya = kupisa kunogamuchirwa nechinhu chinodziya zvishoma.

Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

11. Makirogiramu matatu etsvimbo nhema ine kupisa kwakananga kwe1400 J.kg^-1C^-1 tembiricha 80^oC inonyudzwa mu10 kg yemvura ine kupisa kwakananga kwe4200 J.kg^-1C^-1Kana kuenzana kwekupisa kwaitika, tembiricha yekupedzisira yemusanganiswa i20^oC. Tembiricha yekutanga yemvura ndeye….

A. 20 ^oC

B. 18 ^oC

C. 14 ^oC

D. 12 ^oC

E. 10 ^oC

Kukurukurirana

Zvinozivikanwa kuti:

Huremu hwemutobvu (m₁) = 3 kg

Kupisa kwakananga kwetini (c)₁) = 1400 J.kg^-1C^-1

Tembiricha yesimbi (T)₁= = 80 ^oC

Huremu hwemvura (m₂) = 10 kg

Kupisa kwemvura chaiyo (c)₂) = 4200 J.kg^-1C^-1

Tembiricha yekuenzana kwekupisa (T) = 20 ^oC

Akabvunzwa: Tembiricha yekutanga yemvura (T)₂)

Mhinduro:

Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.

12. Mari yesimbi ye50 gram inodziiswa kusvika patembiricha ye85^oC, yobva yanyikwa mumudziyo une magiramu makumi mashanu emvura patembiricha ye29,8^oC (kupisa kwemvura chaiyo = 1 cal.g^-1.^oC^-1Kana tembiricha yekupedzisira yesystem iri 37^oC uye fungidzira kuti hapana kutamiswa kwekupisa kuburikidza nemudziyo, saka kupisa chaiko kwesimbi ndiko…

A. 0,12 cal.g^-1.^oC^-1

B. 0,30 cal.g^-1.^oC^-1

C. 1,50 cal.g^-1.^oC^-1

D. 4,8 cal.g^-1.^oC^-1

E. 7,2 cal.g^-1.^oC^-1

Kukurukurirana

Zvinozivikanwa kuti:

Huremu hwemari (m) = 50 magiramu

Kupisa kwekutanga kwemari (T)₁= = 85^oC

Huremu hwemvura (m) = 50 magiramu

Tembiricha yekutanga yemvura (T)₂= = 29,8^oC

Kupisa kwemvura chaiyo = 1 cal.g^-1.^oC^-1

Kupisa kwekupedzisira kwesystem (T) = 37^oC

Akabvunzwa: Kupisa kwesimbi chaiyo (c)

Mhinduro:

Nheyo yaBlack inoti kupisa kunoburitswa = kupisa kunonyudzwa. Kupisa kunoburitswa nemari uye kupisa kunonyudzwa nemvura, kusvika kwasvika pakuenzana kwekupisa.

Mayuniti ese anoratidzwa mumagiramu saka hapana chikonzero chekushandura mayuniti.

Q _yadzimwa =Q _sveta

m_logam c ΔT = m_mhepo c ΔT

(50)(c)(85-37) = (50)(1)(37-29,8)

(50)(c)(48) = (50)(7,2)

(50)(c)(48) = (50)(7,2)

(c)(48) = 7,2

c = 7,2 / 48

c = 0,15 cal.g^-1.^oC^-1

13. Simbi yemhangura patembiricha ye100^oC inoiswa mumvura ine huremu hwemagiramu 128 uye tembiricha ye30 ^oC. Kupisa kwemvura chaiyo 1 cal.g^{-1 o}C^-1 uye kupisa kwemhangura chaiyo ndeye 0,1 cal.g^{-1 o}C^-1Kana kuenzana kwekupisa kukaitika patembiricha ye36 ^oC, saka huremu hwesimbi ndi….

A. 140 magiramu
B. 120 magiramu
C. 100 magiramu
D. 80 magiramu
E. 75 magiramu

Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Tembiricha yemhangura (T)₁= = 100 ^oC
Kupisa kwakananga kwemhangura (c)₁) = 0,1 cal.g^{-1 o}C^-1

Huremu hwemvura (m₂) = magiramu 128
Tembiricha yemvura (T)₂= = 30 ^oC
Kupisa kwemvura chaiyo (c)₂) = 1 cal.g^{-1 o}C^-1

Tembiricha yekuenzana kwekupisa (T) = 36 ^oC
Mubvunzo: Huremu hwemhangura (m₁)
Mhinduro:

Nheyo yaBlack inoti kupisa kunoburitswa nechinhu chinodziya zvakanyanya = kupisa kunogamuchirwa nechinhu chinodziya zvishoma.
Q mhangura = Q mvura
m₁ c₁ ΔT = m₂ c₂ ΔT
(m₁)(0,1)(100-36) = (128)(1)(36-30)
(m₁)(0,1)(64) = (128)(1)(6)
(m₁)(6,4) = 768
m₁ = 768/6,4
m₁ = 120
Huremu hwemhangura hunosvika 120 gramu.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

14. Makirogiramu matatu etsvimbo nhema ine kupisa kwakananga kwe1400 J.kg^-1 C^-1 tembiricha 80^oC inonyudzwa mu10 kg yemvura ine kupisa kwakananga kwe4200 J.kg^-1 C^-1Kana kuenzana kwekupisa kwaitika, tembiricha yekupedzisira yemusanganiswa i20^oC. Tembiricha yekutanga yemvura ndeye….

A. 20 ^oC
B. 18 ^oC
C. 14 ^oC
D. 12 ^oC
E. 10 ^oC

Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Huremu hwemutobvu (m₁) = 3 kg
Kupisa kwakananga kwetini (c)₁) = 1400 J.kg^-1 C^-1
Tembiricha yesimbi (T)₁= = 80 ^oC

Huremu hwemvura (m₂) = 10 kg
Kupisa kwemvura chaiyo (c)₂) = 4200 J.kg^-1 C^-1

Tembiricha yekuenzana kwekupisa (T) = 20 ^oC
Zvinodiwa: Tembiricha yekutanga yemvura (T)₂)
Mhinduro:
Q yaburitswa = Q yakagamuchirwa
Q tin = Q mvura
m₁ c₁ ΔT = m₂ c₂ ΔT
(3)(1.400)(80-20) = (10)(4.200)(20-T)
(4.200)(60) = (42.000)(20-T)
252.000 = 840.000 – 42.000 T
42.000 T = 840.000 – 252.000
42.000 T = 588.000
T = 588.000 / 42.000
T = 14
Tembiricha yekutanga yemvura ndeye 14 degrees^oC.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.

15. Aizi ine huremu hweM gramu patembiricha ye0^oC, inoiswa mumvura inorema magiramu 340 patembiricha ye20^oC yakaiswa mumudziyo wakakosha. Ngatitii mudziyo hautore/haubudise kupisa. Kana L_es = 80 cal g^-1, c_mhepo = 1 cal g^{-1 o}C^-1, chando chose chakanyunguduka uye kuenzana kwekupisa yakawanikwa patembiricha ye5^oC, ipapo huremu hwechando (M) ndi…

A. 60 magiramu
B. 68 magiramu
C. 75 magiramu
D. 80 magiramu
E. 170 magiramu

Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa :
Huremu hwemvura (m) = 340 magiramu
Kupisa kwechando (T)_es= = 0^oC
Suhu mvura (T)_mhepo= = 20^oC
Tembiricha yekuenzana kwekupisa (T) = 5^oC
Kupisa kwekubatana kwechando (L)_es) = 80 cal g^-1
Kupisa kwemvura chaiyo (c)_mhepo) = 1 cal g^{-1 o}C^-1
Akabvunzwa : Huwandu hwechando (M)
Jawab :

Nheyo yeVatema inoti muhurongwa hwakavharwa hwakaparadzana, kupisa kunoburitswa nechinhu chinodziya zvakanyanya kwakafanana nekupisa kunotorwa nechinhu chinodziya zvishoma.
Kupisa kunoburitswa nemvura (Q inoburitswa) = kupisa kunopfurwa nechando (Q inopfurwa)
m_mhepo c_mhepo (T) = m_es L_es +m_es c_mhepo (T)
(340)(1)(20-5) = M (80) + M (1)(5-0)
(340)(15) = 80M + 5M
5100 = 85M
M = 5100/85
M = magiramu makumi matanhatu
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.

Catatan :
Kana zvikanzi chando chine tembiricha ye0^o mvura inenge ichiri muchimiro chakasimba. Kana zvikanzi tembiricha yemvura ndeye 0^oC ipapo mvura inenge iri muchimiro chemvura. Siyanisa mashandisirwo emazwi ekuti chando nemvura. Nekuti mvura ichiri muchimiro chechando kana kuti chando, kupisa kunotanga kwatorwa kunoshandiswa kunyungudutsa chando chose kuita mvura, saka kurudyi kwe equation iri pamusoro, fomura inowedzerwa kuverenga huwandu hwekupisa kunonyungudutsa chando (m_es L_esKana chando chose chanyunguduka kuita mvura, kupisa kwakawedzerwa kunoshandiswa kukwidza tembiricha yechando kubva pa0.^oC inova 5^oC.

Kwakabva mubvunzo:

Mibvunzo yeNational Examination Physics yeChikoro Chesekondari/Chikoro Chepamusoro Chebasa