Dhizaini yeChaja ine Induction-Based Charging
Kugadzirwa kwemidziyo yemagetsi inotakurika yakadai semafoni, mawachi ezuva, mahedhifoni asina waya, uye zvishandiso zveIoT kwakaita kuti pave nekudiwa kwemasisitimu ekuchaja ari kushanda zviri nani, akachengeteka, uye anodzivirira mamiriro ekunze. Imwe tekinoroji inotarisa zvinodiwa izvi ndeyekuchaja kwakavakirwa pa induction (wireless inductive charging). Iyi tekinoroji inogonesa kutamiswa kwesimba remagetsi pasina chinongedzo chemuviri, nokudaro ichideredza kupfeka kweport, kuderedza njodzi yemagetsi, uye kuwedzera nyore kwemushandisi. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura pfungwa, zvikamu, misimboti yekushanda, uye kufunga nezvemagadzirirwo emachaja e induction kubva pamaonero emagetsi, emakanika, uye ekupisa, pamwe nekuchengetedzeka uye kuenderana.
Nheyo yekushanda yeInduction Charging
Kuchaja kwemagetsi kunoshanda zvichibva pakushandiswa kwemagetsi. Kudivi retransmitter (Tx), alternating current (AC) inoyerera nepa coil, ichigadzira simba remagineti rinochinja. Simba remagineti iri rinozokonzera voltage mu receiver (Rx) coil iri mumudziyo uri kuchajwa. Voltage iyi inogadziriswa kuDC uye inodzorwa uchishandisa power management circuit kuchaja bhatiri.
Kuti simba rifambiswe zvakanaka, ma coil maviri aya anofanira kunge aine magineti akabatana zvakanaka. Saka, daro, kurongeka, uye zvinhu zvakakomberedza ma coil zvakakosha pakushanda zvakanaka. Mitemo yakawanda inoshandisa resonant inductive coupling, iyo inosanganisa coil ne capacitor kuti igadzire resonant circuit pane frequency chaiyo. Resonance iyi inowedzera kushanda zvakanaka uye inobvumira kuti kure kure kuregedzeke zvishoma pane induction iri nyore.
Kugadzira Sisitimu Yekuchaja Yekupinza
Kazhinji, charger ye induction ine mabhuroko makuru akati wandei:
1. Simba rekuisa
Simba rinowanzo bva kuDC adapter (semuenzaniso USB-C PD) inopa 5–20 V. Voltage iyi inozogadziriswa pa transmitter board.
2. Mutongi wekutumira (mutongi weTx)
IC inotonga ine basa rekugadzira masaini ekutyaira, kudzora simba sezvinodiwa, kuona kuvapo kwechishandiso, uye kushandisa mapuroteni ekutaurirana (semuenzaniso, chiyero cheQi).
3. Dunhu reAmplifier/mutyairi
Mutyairi anoshandura DC kuita AC ine frequency yakakwira kuti ape simba re transmitter coil. Matopologi akajairika i MOSFET dzehafu yebhiriji kana kuti full-bridge.
4. Network yeResonance uye coil yekutumira
Tx coil inosanganiswa ne capacitor kuti igadzire resonant circuit. Maparamita eL neC anogadziriswa kuti aenderane nefrequency yekushanda.
5. Rutivi rwemugamuchiri (Rx) rwemudziyo
Iine Rx coil, rectifier circuit, regulator (buck/boost), uye bhatiri charging controller. Mumagadzirirwo akawanda, Rx module yakatobatanidzwa.
6. Kutaurirana uye kuona zvinhu zvekunze (FOD)
Sisitimu iyi inofanira kukwanisa kuona zvinhu zvesimbi zvekunze (mari, makiyi) zvinogona kutora simba uye kupisa. FOD chinhu chakakosha pakuchengetedza.
Kufunga Nezvekugadzirwa Kwemagetsi
1. Kusarudzwa kwezviyero zvesimba uye zvinangwa
Danho rekutanga mukugadzira nderekuona chinangwa: kana charger iri ye5W (midziyo midiki), 10–15W (mafoni), kana kupfuura. Qi standard inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pamidziyo yevatengi. Simba target rinokanganisa kusarudzwa kwemutyairi, saizi yecoil, manejimendi yekupisa, uye zvinodiwa neadapta.
2. Kuwanda uye ruzha rwenzwi
Kuchaja kweinduction kunowanzo shanda pamafrequencies ari pakati pemakumi kusvika kumazana ekHz. Frequency inosarudzwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa, dhizaini yecoil, uye kuenzanisa pakati pekushanda zvakanaka nemwaranzi yemagetsi (EMI). Dunhu re resonant rinofanira kugadziriswa zvakanaka kudzivirira kurasikirwa kukuru uye kupisa zvakanyanya muMOSFET necoil.
3. Kushanda zvakanaka uye kurasikirwa
Kurasikirwa kwemhangura mucoil (I²R), kurasikirwa kwekuchinjana muMOSFET, uye kurasikirwa muRx rectifier ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru. Kushandiswa kweRds(on) MOSFETs dzakaderera, kurongeka kwakanaka kwePCB, uye coils dzisingapindi simba zvakanyanya zvinogona kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka. Kushanda zvakanaka hakungochengetedzi simba chete asiwo kunoderedza kupisa uye kunowedzera hupenyu hwechikamu.
4. Kutaurirana kweTx–Rx
Muhurongwa hweQi, mudziyo unogamuchira unotaura netransmitter kuburikidza ne load modulation, iyo inoshandura mutoro uri pamudziyo weRx kuitira kuti uongororwe nemudziyo weTx. Transmitter inogadzirisa simba rayo zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemudziyo weRx, zvichiita kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inochajwa zvakanaka uye yakachengeteka. Kushandiswa kweprotocol kwakarurama kunobatsira kuti pave nekubatana pakati pema brand akasiyana.
Dhizaini yeCoil uye Zvishandiso
Coil ndiyo moyo wesystem ye induction. Ine zvinhu zvakakosha zvakati wandei:
– Chimiro nehukuru hwekoira: Koira dzakatenderera dzinowanzo shandiswa pamapedhi emudziyo mumwe chete. Kune nzvimbo dzakakura dzekuzadza, koira dzakawanda kana kuti matrix dzinogona kushandiswa.
– Huwandu hwekutenderera uye rudzi rwewaya: Waya yeLitz inowanzo shandiswa kuderedza mhedzisiro yeganda pamafrequency akakwira.
– Ferrite sheet: Ferrite sheet inoiswa kuseri kwecoil kuti itungamire magnetic flux kuenda kuRx uye kuderedza kubuda kwesimba kuenda kuPCB/zvimwe zvikamu. Izvi zvinowedzera kushanda zvakanaka uye zvinoderedza EMI.
– Ukobvu uye daro: Kana daro reTx–Rx rakakura (semuenzaniso, nekuda kwebhokisi rakakora), kushanda zvakanaka kunoderedza. Nokudaro, dhizaini yemuchina inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti daro rinoshanda rinoramba riri diki.
Kufunga Nezvekugadzira Mechanical uye UX
Vashandisi vanoda kuchaja "kungoisa zvinhu mumota." Zvisinei, kusarongeka zvakanaka kunogona kuderedza simba uye kuunza kupisa. Saka, magadzirirwo emakanika anowanzo sanganisira:
– Gwaro rekuisa: muromo wakatsetseka, mhete yerabha, kana kuti contour inobatsira mudziyo kuti upinde pakati pekoiri.
– Nzvimbo isingatsvedzeri: kuitira kuti foni isafambe nyore nyore nekuda kwekuzunguzika.
- Pfungwa yekutungamira: kune zvigadzirwa zvakaita semadhoki, dhizaini yestand inogona kuita kuti zvive nyore kuona zviziviso paunenge uchichaja.
– Kuenderana kwekesi: charger inofanira kushanda kunyangwe mudziyo ukashandisa kesi yakatetepa, asi ichiri kuda kusangana nemiganhu yakatarwa nehukobvu.
Manajemen Termal
Kupisa ndicho chinhu chikuru chinonetsa pakuchaja kwe induction, sezvo simba richifambiswa kuburikidza nesimba remagineti uye rinosanganisira kurasikirwa kumativi ese. Dhizaini yakanaka inosanganisira:
- Chinoongorora tembiricha pabhodhi rekutumira kuti chideredze simba kana tembiricha yakwira.
– Kusarudza chinhu chekugara chinobatsira mukubvisa kupisa; semuenzaniso, musanganiswa wepurasitiki neplate inopinza kupisa pasi pekoiri.
– Kufefetera kwemhepo pasina kupindirana kana zvichibvira, pasina kukanganisa runako nekuchengetedzwa.
– Kudzora simba rinochinjika: chinotumira chinoderedza simba kana kushanda zvakanaka kwakaderera (semuenzaniso, kuisa panzvimbo isina kunaka) kudzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya.
Kuchengetedzeka uye Kutevedzera Mutemo
Machaja eInduction anofanirwa kunge akachengeteka kune vese mushandisi nemudziyo. Zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha:
– Kuona Zvinhu Zvekunze (FOD): kunodzivirira kupisa kwezvinhu zvesimbi zvekunze.
- Dziviriro yemagetsi nemagetsi: dziviriro yemagetsi akawandisa, magetsi akawandisa, uye kuchengetedzwa kwemhepo pfupi.
– EMI/EMC: Electromagnetic fields inofanira kutevedzera mitemo yekudzivirira kukanganiswa kwezvimwe zvishandiso. Zvidziviriro uye maferrite zvinobatsira.
– Kudzivirira adapter uye mhando: kushandisa adapter ine certification kunoderedza njodzi yekukwira kwemvura uye njodzi dzemagetsi.
Maitiro Ekuedza Nekusimbisa
Kana muenzaniso wacho wapera, kuyedzwa kunofanira kusanganisira:
1. Edza kuenderana nemidziyo yakasiyana-siyana yeRx.
2. Edza kushanda zvakanaka munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana uye madaro akasiyana-siyana.
3. Kuyedzwa kwekupisa mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana ezvakatipoteredza (nzvimbo inopisa, kushandiswa kwekesi).
4. Edza FOD nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvesimbi.
5. Kuyedzwa kwemadonhwe uye kugara kwenguva refu kwezvigadzirwa zvevatengi.
6. Chitupa chekutanga chekutevedzera Qi neEMI/EMC chisati chagadzirwa zvakanyanya.
Penutup
Kugadzira charger ine induction charging zvinopfuura kungoisa coil nekushandisa simba. Zvinoda nzira yakazara inosanganisira sarudzo yakajairwa, dhizaini ye resonance, kugadzirisa coil ne ferrite material, manejimendi yekupisa, uye kutevedzera zvinhu zvekuchengetedza zvakaita seFOD nedziviriro. Nekugadzirwa kwakakodzera, induction chargers dzinogona kupa ruzivo rwekuchaja rwuri nyore, rwakasimba, uye rwakachengeteka, ukuwo dzichitsigira maitiro emidziyo isina maports chaiwo. Iyi tekinoroji icharamba ichichinja, ichivhura mikana mitsva yezvigadzirwa zvakaita sematafura ekuchaja, kuchaja zvishandiso zvakawanda, uye kubatanidzwa kwekuchaja pasina waya mufenicha dzakasiyana siyana nemotokari.
Kana muchida, ndinogona kuwedzera zvimwe zvikamu zvehunyanzvi (semuenzaniso resonant inductance–capacitance calculations, driver topology recommendations, kana muenzaniso we target specifications yeQi-based 15W charger).
