Fizikisi yeChikoro Chesekondari

Mienzaniso mitatu yemibvunzo yegirazi yakavharika

1. Girazi rakatetepa ine urefu hwemasendimita mashanu. Tsanangura kuumbwa kwemufananidzo wobva waona daro remufananidzo uye kukura kwemufananidzo kana daro rechinhu kubva pagirazi rakakombama riri 10 cm.
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kureba kwegirazi rakakombama (f) = 5 cm
Chinonyanya kutariswa negirazi rakakombama chakanaka nekuti nzvimbo inonyanya kutariswa negirazi rakakombama ndipo panopinda chiedza kana kuti chiri chechokwadi.
Kureba kwechinhu = 10 cm
Mhinduro:
Mufananidzo wekuumbwa kwemimvuri yezvinhu :

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1. Girazi rakamonana ine urefu hwemasendimita gumi. Tsanangura kuumbwa kwemufananidzo wobva waona daro remufananidzo uye kukura kwemufananidzo kana daro rechinhu kubva pagirazi rakatenderedza riri masendimita makumi maviri.
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kureba kwegirazi rakapinza (f) = -10 cm
Kutarisa kwegirazi rakapinza hakuna kunaka nekuti nzvimbo yakatarisana negirazi rakapinza haipfuuri nechiedza kana kuti inoona zviri paindaneti.
Kureba kwechinhu = 20 cm
Mhinduro:
Mufananidzo wekuumbwa kwemimvuri yezvinhu :
Kureba kwemumvuri:
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = -1/10 – 1/20 = -2/20 – 1/20 = -3/20
s' = -20/3 = -6,7 cm
Daro remumvuri harina kunaka, zvichireva kuti mumvuri uri pakombiyuta kana kuti chiedza hachipfuuri nepamumvuri.
Kureba kwemufananidzo kudiki ne 6,7 cm pane kureba kwechinhu che 20 cm.
Kukura kwemufananidzo:
M = -s'/s = -(-6,7)/20 = 6,7/20 = 0,3 kanomwe
Kukura kwe 0,3 zvinoreva kuti saizi yemumvuri idiki ka 0,3 pane saizi yechinhu chacho.
Kukwidziridza mufananidzo zvakanaka zvinoreva kuti mufananidzo wakamira. Mufananidzo unopindurwa kana kukwidziridza mufananidzo kwakaipa.

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Daro rechinhu diki pane urefu hwefocal relenzi ye convex (s > f)
Zvichibva pakuverenga pa mufananidzo wegirazi re convex Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti kana daro rechinhu (s) riri diki pane urefu hwefocal (f) hwe lenzi ye convex saka hunhu hwemufananidzo we lenzi ine convex ndeizvi:
– Maya zvinoreva kuti chiedza hachipfuuri nemumumvuri
- Yakatwasuka kana kuti isina kutenderera
- Chinhu chacho chinenge chiri kure negirazi re convex, saizi yemufananidzo inowedzera kukura.
- Chinhu chiri kure negirazi re convex, mufananidzo uri kure nacho. lenzi yakamoneredzwa

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Kuti unzwisise mufananidzo wechinhu chakagadzirwa ne lenzi ine convex, tarisa muenzaniso unotevera wemubvunzo nekukurukurirana. Mumubvunzo uyu, zvinofungidzirwa kuti chinhu chacho chiri kure ne lenzi ine convex, wobva watsanangura kuumbwa kwemufananidzo wechinhu chacho ne lenzi ine convex , daro remufananidzo kubva kune lenzi ine convex uye kukura kwemufananidzo ne lenzi ine convex .

Lenzi ine convex (lenzi inoungana) ine urefu hwemasendimita makumi maviri. Chinhu chakareba masendimita gumi chiri kuruboshwe rwelenzi. Sarudza daro remufananidzo, kukura kwemufananidzo, uye kukwirira kwemufananidzo kana:
a) kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi ye convex kudiki pane kureba kwefocal ye lenzi ye convex (s < f),
b) kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi yakapinza kwakafanana nehurefu hwegirazi rakapinza (s = f),
c) daro rechinhu kubva kune lenzi yakapinza rakakura kupfuura urefu hwefocal relenzi yakapinza (s > f).

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Daro rechinhu diki pane urefu hwefocal relenzi yakakombama (s > f)
Zvichibva pakuverenga pa mufananidzo we lenzi yakakombama Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti kana daro rechinhu (s) riri diki pane daro refocal (f), saka hunhu hwemufananidzo we lenzi yakakombama ndeizvi:
– Maya zvinoreva kuti chiedza hachipfuuri nemumumvuri
- Yakatwasuka kana kuti isina kutenderera
- Chinhu chacho chinenge chiri kure ne lenzi yakakombama, saizi yemufananidzo inoderera.
– Chinhu chacho chinenge chiri kure ne lenzi yakakombama, mufananidzo wacho uchiri kure. lenzi yakakombama

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Kuti unzwisise mufananidzo wechinhu chakagadzirwa ne lenzi yakakombama, tarisa muenzaniso wemubvunzo nekukurukurirana kunotevera. Mumubvunzo uyu, zvinofungidzirwa kuti chinhu chacho chiri kure ne lenzi yakakombama, wobva watsanangura kuumbwa kwemufananidzo wechinhu chacho ne lenzi yakakombama , daro remufananidzo kubva kune lenzi yakakombama uye kukura kwemufananidzo ne lenzi yakakombama .

Kureba kwegirazi rakatetepa (diverging lens) i20 cm. Chinhu chakareba 10 cm chiri kuruboshwe rwegirazi. Sarudza daro remufananidzo, kukura kwemufananidzo, uye kukwirira kwemufananidzo kana:
a) kureba kwechinhu kudiki pane kureba kwefocal ye lens yakakombama,
b) kureba kwechinhu kwakafanana nehurefu hwefocal relenzi yakakombama
c) kureba kwechinhu kwakakura kupfuura kureba kwefocal ye lens yakakombama,

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Daro rechinhu diki pane kureba kwegirazi re convex (s < f)
Zvichibva pakuverenga pa mufananidzo wegirazi rakamonereka Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti kana daro rechinhu (s) riri diki pane daro refocal (f), saka hunhu hwemufananidzo wegirazi rakatenderera ndeizvi:
– Maya zvinoreva kuti chiedza hachipfuure nemumumvuri nekuti mumvuri uri kuseri kwegirazi rakatenderedza.
- Yakatwasuka kana kuti isina kutenderera
- Chinhu chinenge chiri kure negirazi rakamonana, saizi yemufananidzo inoderera.
– Chinhu chacho chiri kure negirazi rakachinjika, mufananidzo wacho uri kure negirazi rakachinjika.

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Kuti unzwisise mufananidzo wechinhu chakagadzirwa negirazi rakamonana , teerera muenzaniso unotevera wemubvunzo nehurukuro. Mumubvunzo uyu, zvinofungidzirwa kuti chinhu chacho chiri kure negirazi rakamonana, ipapo kuumbwa kwemufananidzo wechinhu chacho negirazi rakamonana kunotsanangurwa , daro remufananidzo kubva pagirazi rakamonana uye kukura kwemufananidzo wakagadzirwa negirazi rakamonana.

Ngatitii girazi rakamonana rine denderedzwa re 30 cm. Tsanangura kuumbwa kwemufananidzo, wobva waona daro remufananidzo uye kukura kwemufananidzo kana:
a) daro rechinhu diki pane urefu hwefocal (s < f)
b) kureba kwechinhu kwakafanana nehurefu hwefocal (s = f)
c) daro rechinhu rakakura kupfuura urefu hwefocal uye diki pane radius yekukombama kwegirazi (f < s < r)
d) daro kubva pachinhu chakaenzana ne nharaunda yekukombama kwegirazi (s = R)

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Daro rechinhu diki pane kureba kwegirazi rakakombama (s < f)
Zvichibva pakuverenga pa mufananidzo wegirazi rakatetepa Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti kana daro rechinhu (s) riri diki pane daro refocal (f), saka hunhu hwemumvuri mumagirazi akakombama ndeizvi:
– Maya zvinoreva kuti chiedza hachipfuuri nemumumvuri
- Yakatwasuka kana kuti isina kutenderera
- Chinhu chinenge chiri kure negirazi rakakombama, saizi yemufananidzo yakakura.
– Chinhu chacho chiri kure negirazi rakakombama, mufananidzo wacho uri kure negirazi rakakombama.

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Kuti unzwisise mufananidzo wechinhu chakagadzirwa negirazi rakakombama, tarisa muenzaniso unotevera wemubvunzo nekukurukurirana. Mumubvunzo uyu, zvinofungidzirwa kuti chinhu chacho chiri kure negirazi rakakombama, wobva watsanangura kuumbwa kwemufananidzo wechinhu chacho negirazi rakakombama , daro remufananidzo kubva pagirazi rakakombama uye kukura kwemufananidzo wakagadzirwa negirazi rakakombama .

Ngatitii girazi rakakombama rine urefu hwemasendimita makumi maviri. Tsanangura kuumbwa kwemufananidzo wobva waona daro remufananidzo uye kukura kwemufananidzo kana:
a) daro rechinhu diki pane daro renzvimbo yakatarisana (s < f)
b) chinhu chiri panzvimbo yakatarisana negirazi (s = f)
c) chinhu chiri pakati penzvimbo inotarisa chinhu uye pakati pegirazi rakakombama (f < s < R)
d) chinhu chiri pakati pekona yegirazi (s = R)

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