Chishandiso chemaikorosikopu cheOptical

Kunzwisisa Maikorosikopu

Maikorosikopu chishandiso chekuona chinoshandiswa kubatsira ziso kuona zvinhu zvidiki zvakajeka, uko zvinhu zvidiki izvi zvakaoma kuona zvakananga uchishandisa ziso kana girazi rinokudza zvinhu.

Kune mhando mbiri dzemamaikorosikopu: maikorosikopu echiedza nemaikorosikopu eelektroni . Chinyorwa chino chinotaura nezvemaikorosikopu echiedza uye mashandiro aanoita maererano nemusoro we geometric optics, kusanganisira chiedza chinopenya, kuumbwa kwemifananidzo, uye kukura kwemufananidzo wechinhu uchishandisa malenzi.

Usati wadzidza chinyorwa chino, zvingava zvakanaka kuti utange wadzidza nezvekuongorora magirazi ekukudza kana magirazi emhando yepamusoro kuitira kuti unzwisise chinyorwa ichi zviri nyore uye nekukurumidza.

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Fomura yegirazi rinokudza

Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso uye mafomula ekugadzira magirazi ekukudza magirazi

1. Muongorori ari kuongorora shizha achishandisa lenzi ine denderedzwa ine urefu hwe 25/3 cm segirazi rinokudza. Ndechipi chirevo chakarurama?

(1) Kukura kwekona kwakaenzana ne4 kana mufananidzo wekupedzisira wechinhu chacho uri kure ne25 cm.

(2) Kukura kwekona kwakaenzana ne3 kana mufananidzo wekupedzisira wechinhu chacho uri pakusingaperi.

(3) Simba regirazi re convex i12 Diopters

(4) Kureba kwemufananidzo chaiwo i25/3 cm kana daro rechinhu chiri 50/3 cm.

Kukurukurirana

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Girazi rinokudza

Tsanangudzo yegirazi rinokudza

Girazi rinokudza zvinhu, kana kuti simple magnifier, igirazi rinokurunga zvinhu rinoshandiswa kubatsira ziso kuona zvinhu zvakaoma kuona zvakananga, zvakaita sekunyora kudiki. Girazi rinokudza zvinhu rinonzi simple magnifier nekuti rine mukana mudiki wekukudza mufananidzo wechinhu. Muchidzidzo chinotevera, muchadzidza nezvezvinhu zvisiri nyore zvekukudza zvinhu zvakaita semamaikorosikopu , materesikopu enyika , uye materesikopu.

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Mienzaniso yemibvunzo nezve magirazi emaziso

Mienzaniso mitatu yemibvunzo yegirazi remaziso

1. Ngatitii shamwari yako yakapfeka magirazi ane magirazi ane simba re -2 diopters. Magirazi egirazi kazhinji 2 cm kubva paziso.
(a) Shamwari yako ine magirazi lenzi yakakombama kana lenzi yakamoneredzwa ?
(b) Ndeupi urefu hwegirazi rinotarisisa zvinhu?
(c) Maziso eshamwari yako kuona zviri pedyo kana kuona zviri kure Kana uchiona zviri pedyo, ndechipi chinhambwe chiri kure kupfuura icho maziso ako anogona kuona? Kana uchiona zviri pedyo, ndechipi chinhambwe chiri pedyo kupfuura icho maziso ako anogona kuona?

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Muenzaniso wemibvunzo ye contact lens optical instrument

2 Mienzaniso yemibvunzo nezvezvishandiso zvemaoptical lens

1. Ngatitii uri kushandisa lenzi yekuonana ine simba re -5 diopters. Lenzi yekuonana inonamirwa paziso kuitira kuti daro riri pakati pelenzi nelenzi rive magirazi ekuonana uye maziso anoonekwa se zero.
(a) Kushandiswa kwemalenzi ekuonana lenzi yakakombama kana lenzi yakamoneredzwa ?
(b) Ndeupi urefu hwegirazi rinotarisisa zvinhu?
(c) Iwe kuona zviri pedyo kana kuona zviri kure Kana uchiona zviri pedyo, ndechipi chinhambwe chiri kure kupfuura icho maziso ako anogona kuona? Kana uchiona zviri pedyo, ndechipi chinhambwe chiri pedyo kupfuura icho ziso rinogona kuona?

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Mienzaniso yemibvunzo nezvezvishandiso zvemaziso zvinoonekwa

2 Mienzaniso yemibvunzo nezvezvishandiso zvemaziso zvinoonekwa

1. Munhu ane maziso akajairwa Kutarisa chinhu chiri kure, uko nzvimbo iri kure yeziso rakajairika isingaverengeki. Kureba kwelenzi yeziso kwakafanana nekureba kuri pakati pe cornea ne retina, kureva 2,5 cm, zvinosarudza (a) daro remufananidzo, (b) simba relenzi.
Kukurukurirana
Sisitimu yelenzi yeziso inoshanda kudzoreredza nekutarisa mwaranzi yechiedza inopinda muziso. Kana cornea yataurwa chete, fungidzira kuti cornea chete ndiyo inodzora mwaranzi yechiedza. Cornea inoshanda se lenzi ine convex kana lenzi ine convex. lenzi inoungana iyo inotarisa chiedza kune imwe nzvimbo.

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Muenzaniso wemibvunzo ine magirazi maviri ane convex-concave

2 Mienzaniso yemibvunzo ine magirazi maviri ane convex-concave

1. Lenzi ine denderedzwa remasentimita makumi matatu (30 cm) uye lenzi ine denderedzwa remasentimita makumi maviri (20 cm) iri pedyo pedyo apo daro riri pakati pemalenzi maviri iri 150 cm. Kana chinhu chacho chiri 40 cm pamberi pelenzi ine denderedzwa remasentimita, sarudza daro remufananidzo uye kukura kwemufananidzo wakagadzirwa nelenzi. lenzi yakamoneredzwa dhani lenzi yakakombama iyo!
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Hurefu hwegirazi re convex (f)1) = +30 cm
Hurefu hwegirazi re convex hwakanaka nekuti chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pegirazi re convex.
Kureba kwegirazi remukati (f)2) = -20 cm

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Muenzaniso wemibvunzo ine lenzi mbiri dzakapinza

2 Mienzaniso yemibvunzo ine magirazi maviri akajeka

1. Magirazi maviri akamoneredzwa, rimwe nerimwe rine urefu hwemasendimita makumi maviri nemakumi matatu, anoiswa pedyo nepedyo, daro riri pakati pemagirazi maviri akamoneredzwa riri masendimita makumi manomwe. Chinhu chiri pamberi pegirazi rekutanga riri masendimita makumi matatu. Sarudza daro remufananidzo uye kukura kwemufananidzo wakaumbwa nemagirazi maviri. lenzi yakamoneredzwa iyo!
Kukurukurirana

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Magirazi ekuonana

Kuona zviri pedyo uye kuona zviri kure zvinogona kugadziriswa uchishandisa magirazi emaziso uye magirazi ekuona . Magirazi ekuona anonamirwa pamagirazi emaziso, ukuwo magirazi ekuona anonamirwa pabhora reziso. Magirazi ari kure neziso, ukuwo magirazi ekuona anonamirwa paziso, zvichiita kuti daro riri pakati pemagirazi ekuona neziso rive diki.

Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura mienzaniso yematambudziko anosangana nevanhu vanoona zviri pedyo nemaziso avo, mhando dzemalenzi anoshandiswa kugadzirisa kuona kwavo, mafocal lengths avo, uye simba ravo. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa pakushandiswa kwemalenzi ekuona kuti maziso avo aone zviri pedyo nemaziso avo.

Kuona Nearbone uye Concave Lenses

Daro riri kure zvikuru rinogona kuonekwa zvakajeka nemunhu anoona zviri pedyo kana kuti ane myopia i50 cm. Kuti munhu anoona zviri pedyo aone zvinhu zviri kure zvisingaperi, sarudza (a) rudzi rwelenzi rinoshandiswa, (b) kureba kwelenzi uye rudzi rwelenzi, (c) simba kana simba relenzi.
Magirazi ekuonana ari pedyo zvakanyanya neziso, saka usatarisa daro riri pakati pegirazi neziso. Daro riri pakati pechinhu nemufananidzo negirazi rekuonana rinofungidzirwa kuti rakaenzana nedaro riri pakati pechinhu nemufananidzo neziso.
Kukurukurirana
(A) Rudzi rwelenzi rinoshandiswa
Pamusoro penyaya kuona zviri pedyo Zvakatsanangurwa kuti magirazi anoshandiswa kugadzirisa maziso anoona zviri pedyo ndiwo magirazi akakombama kana magirazi akasiyana-siyana kana magirazi asina kunaka.
(B) Kureba kwegirazi
Chinhu chinoonekwa neziso risingaonekwe nemaziso kuburikidza negirazi rekuonana chiri pamagumo, saka iro rinofanira kuumba mufananidzo uri kure ne50 cm pamberi pegirazi rekuonana. Mufananidzo uri pamberi pegirazi, saka mufananidzo wacho uri wepakombiyuta (enzanisa tsananguro iri munyaya yacho). mufananidzo we lenzi yakakombama)
Zvinozivikanwa :
Kureba kwechinhu (s) = kusaguma
Daro remufananidzo (s') = -50 cm (negative nekuti mufananidzo wacho uri wepaindaneti)
Akabvunzwa Kureba (f)
Jawab :
1/f = 1/s + 1/s'
1/f = 1/~ + (- 1/50)
1/f = 0 – 1/50
1/f = – 1/50
f = – 50/1 cm = -50 cm = -0,5 mita.
Kureba kwefocal negative zvinoreva kuti lenzi inoshandiswa ndiyo lenzi yakakombama kana lenzi inochinja-chinja.
 
(C) Simba regirazi
P = 1/f = 1/-0,5 m = -2 Diopta
Simba regirazi iri -2 D. Chiratidzo chekusaratidza chinoreva kuti girazi rinoshandiswa igirazi rakakombama kana kuti girazi rinopatsanurana.

Kuona Nearbone uye Convex Lenses

Daro riri pedyo rinogona kuonekwa zvakajeka nemunhu anoona zviri pedyo i50 cm. Kuti munhu akwanise kuverenga ari kure ne25 cm seziso remazuva ose, sarudza (a) rudzi rwelenzi rinoshandiswa, (b) kureba kwelenzi, (c) simba relenzi.
Magirazi ekuonana ari pedyo zvakanyanya neziso, saka usatarisa daro riri pakati pegirazi neziso. Daro riri pakati pechinhu nemufananidzo negirazi rekuonana rinofungidzirwa kuti rakaenzana nedaro riri pakati pechinhu nemufananidzo neziso.
Kukurukurirana
(A) Rudzi rwelenzi rinoshandiswa
Pamusoro penyaya kuona zviri kure Zvakatsanangurwa kuti magirazi anoshandiswa kugadzirisa maziso anoona zviri pedyo ndiwo magirazi akajeka kana kuti magirazi anotenderera kana magirazi akanaka.

(B) Kureba kwegirazi
Kuti chinhu chiri kuonekwa chive 25 cm pamberi peziso, lenzi inofanira kuumba mufananidzo uri kure ne50 cm pamberi peziso. Mufananidzo uri pamberi pelenzi, saka mufananidzo wacho wakamira uye uri chaiwo (enzanisa tsananguro iri munyaya yacho). mufananidzo wegirazi re convex)
Zvinozivikanwa :
Kureba kwechinhu = 25 cm
Daro remufananidzo (s') = -50 cm (negative nekuti iri paindaneti)
Akabvunzwa : Kureba kwefocal (f) ye lenzi yekuonana
Jawab :
1/f = 1/s + 1/s'
1/f = 1/25 + 1/-50
1/f = 2/50 – 1/50
1/f = 1/50
f = 50/1 = 50 cm = 0,5 mamita
Kureba kwakanaka kwefocal zvinoreva kuti lenzi inoshandiswa ndiyo lenzi ine convex kana lenzi inoungana kana kuti lenzi yakanaka.

(C) Simba regirazi
P = 1/f = 1/0,5 = +2 Diopters
Simba regirazi iri +2 D. Chiratidzo chakanaka chinoreva kuti iro rinoshandiswa igirazi rakamonana kana kuti lenzi inotenderera.

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Magirazi

Kuona zviri pedyo uye kuona zviri kure zvinogona kugadziriswa uchishandisa magirazi emaziso uye magirazi ekuona . Magirazi ekuona anonamirwa pamagirazi emaziso, ukuwo magirazi ekuona anonamirwa pamboni yeziso. Magirazi ari kure neziso, ukuwo magirazi ekuona anonamirwa paziso, saka daro riri pakati pemagirazi ekuona neziso harina kunyanya kukosha.

Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura mienzaniso yematambudziko anosangana nevanhu vanoona zviri pedyo nemaziso avo, mhando dzemagirazi anoshandiswa kugadzirisa kuona kwavo, marefu avo, uye simba ravo. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa pakushandiswa kwemagirazi kugadzirisa maziso anoona zviri pedyo nemaziso avo.

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