Chiedza Chinooneka: Kufumura Zvakavanzika zveNyika Inooneka
Chiedza chinoonekwa ndicho chikamu che electromagnetic spectrum chinogona kuonekwa neziso remunhu. Kufumura chiitiko ichi hakungosimbisi kunzwisisa kwedu zvakasikwa chete asiwo kunotipa ruzivo rwemashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana uye zvazvinoreva muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora pfungwa huru dzechiedza chinoonekwa, hunhu hwacho hwepanyama uye hwemaziso, uye mashandisirwo azvo anoshanda mune tekinoroji uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Nhanganyaya yeChiedza Chinooneka
Chiedza chinoonekwa, sezvatinoziva, igwenzi remagetsi rine urefu hwemafungu hunosvika 380 kusvika 750 nanometers. Uku ndiko kureba kunoonekwa neziso remunhu. Mhiri kwedaro iri kune mwaranzi ye ultraviolet ne infrared, iyo, kunyange isingaonekwe isina michina yakakosha, ine mashandisirwo akawanda akakosha.
Pfungwa yechiedza yave iri nyaya yesainzi kwemazana emakore. Sir Isaac Newton, nekuyedza kwake kwakakurumbira kweprism, vakaratidza kuti chiedza chichena chinoumbwa nemavara akawanda. Izvi zvakava hwaro hwekunzwisisa kwedu chiedza chinoonekwa uye electromagnetic spectrum.
Zvimiro zveChiedza Chinooneka
Chiedza chinoonekwa chine simba uye simba, pfungwa mbiri dzakakosha mufizikisi. Kana chiedza chikarova chinhu, simba ririmo rinogona kutorwa, kuratidzwa, kana kupfuudzwa. Mavara atinoona anokonzerwa nekudyidzana kuripo pakati pechiedza nezvinhu zvachinopfuura kana kuratidzwa.
Semuenzaniso, zvinhu zvitsvuku zvinoratidza chiedza chitsvuku uye zvinotora mamwe mavara. Saizvozvowo, patinoona denga rebhuruu, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekupararira kwechiedza nemamorekuru mumhepo, chiitiko chinozivikanwa seRayleigh scattering. Kupararira uku kunoshanda zvakanyanya pahurefu hwemafungu mapfupi (bhuruu neruvara rwepepuru), asi ziso remunhu rinonyanya kunzwa bhuruu.
Kupindira kweOptics neChiedza
Hatigoni kukurukura nezvechiedza tisingabate nyaya ye optics. Optics ibazi refizikisi rinoongorora maitiro uye hunhu hwechiedza uye kudyidzana kwacho nezvinhu. Mitemo yekufungisisa uye kupenya ndiyo hwaro hwezviitiko zvakawanda zvezuva nezuva zve optical. Kufungisisa zvinoreva kupenya kwechiedza kana charova pamusoro, nepo kupenya kuri kukotama kwechiedza kana chikapfuura nemuganho uri pakati pemidhiya miviri ine ma indices akasiyana e refractive.
Kupindirana kwechiedza chimwe chiitiko chinonakidza, apo mafungu maviri kana anopfuura echiedza anosangana ogadzira patani itsva. Kupindirana kwekuvaka kunoitika kana mafungu asangana muchikamu, achisimbisana, ukuwo kupindirana kunoparadza kunoitika kana abuda muchikamu uye achibvisana.
Ruvara uye Maonero
Ruvara chiitiko chinobuda mupfungwa dzedu kuburikidza nekutsanangura kwehuropi hwedu marefu akasiyana-siyana echiedza anorova retina. Makone, masero e photoreceptor ari muretina, ndiwo anokonzera kuona mavara. Kune mhando nhatu dzemakone, imwe neimwe inonzwa marefu matsvuku, girini, uye bhuruu. Kubatanidzwa kwezviratidzo izvi zvitatu kunotibvumira kuona mavara akasiyana-siyana.
Kuona mavara hakungogumiri pakureba kwemafungu emuviri chete, asiwo nemamiriro ezvinhu ekuona uye zvinhu zvepfungwa. Zvinhu zvakaita sekufungidzira mavara uye kugadzirisa mavara zvinoratidza kuoma kwemaitiro edu ekuona.
Zvishandiso zveChiedza Chinooneka
Tekinoroji yeOptical
Tekinoroji yekuona inoshandisa hunhu hwechiedza chinoonekwa pakushandisa kwakasiyana-siyana. Magirazi, magirazi, nemaprism zvinhu zvakakosha pakushandisa magirazi akadai semateresikopu, maikorosikopu, nemakamera. Muhunyanzvi hwekutaurirana, mafiriji ekuona anoshandisa musimboti wekutarisa kwemukati mese kutumira chiedza nekushanda kwakanyanya, zvichigonesa kutumira data nekukurumidza.
Lighting
Mwenje ndeimwe nzira yekushandiswa kwechiedza chinoonekwa chinokanganisa hupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kubva pamwenje wepamba kusvika kumwenje yemumugwagwa, kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji yemwenje, senge Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs), kwakavandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba uye kugara kwenguva refu kwezvinobva mumwenje.
Mashandisirwo Ekurapa
Mukurapa, chiedza chinoonekwa chinoshandiswa mumichina yekutora mifananidzo yakaita se endoscopy ne phototherapy. Endoscopy inoshandisa chiedza kuti ione zvakananga mukati memuviri, nepo phototherapy inoshandisa chiedza chaicho kurapa zvirwere zveganda zvakaita se psoriasis ne jaundice.
Tsvagiridzo yeSainzi
Chiedza chinoonekwa chinoita basa guru mukutsvagisa kwesainzi. Spectroscopy, nzira inodzidza kudyidzana kuripo pakati pezvinhu nemwaranzi yemagetsi, inoshandisa chiedza chinoonekwa kuona makemikari ari mumuenzaniso. Uyezve, optical astronomy inoshandisa materesikopu kuona nekudzidza zvinhu zvekudenga.
Matambudziko uye Remangwana reChiedza Chinooneka
Kunyangwe chiedza chinooneka chakashandiswa muminda yakasiyana-siyana, matambudziko mazhinji achiripo. Chimwe cheizvi kugadzira zvinhu zvinoshanda zvakanyanya zvekushandisa ma optical uye mwenje. Zvishandiso zvine ma indices e refractive anogadziriswa, semuenzaniso, zvinovhura mikana yekugadzira ma adaptive lenses nezvimwe zvishandiso zve optical.
Pamusoro pezvo, tsvakiridzo yakadzama pamusoro pemuviri wekuona kwevanhu iri kuenderera mberi. Kunzwisisa zviri nani mashandiro anoita ziso neuropi chiedza kunogona kubatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko akadai sekusaona mavara uye kugadzira zvinhu zvinobatsira kuona.
Mhedziso
Chiedza chinoonekwa, kunyange chiri chikamu chidiki che electromagnetic spectrum, chine simba guru pamativi mazhinji ehupenyu. Kubva pazvinhu zvakasikwa zvatinoona munyika yakatipoteredza kusvika kumatekinoroji epamusoro atinovandudza, kunzwisisa kwedu chiedza chinoonekwa kunoramba kuchichinja pamwe chete nekufambira mberi kwesainzi netekinoroji. Nekuramba tichiongorora zvakavanzika zvakavanzwa muchiedza, tinovhura mukana wezvinhu zvitsva zvichaumba ramangwana.
