Basa reBiomedicine mukurapa nemasero
Pendauluan
Mumakumi maviri emakore apfuura, sainzi yezvekurapa ne biotechnology zvakakurumidza kukura, zvichikonzera kuvandudzwa kukuru uye budiriro mune zvokurapa. Imwe nzvimbo yakawana kutariswa kwakakosha ndeye kurapa nemasero, nzira ine tariro yekurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvaimbove zvakaoma, kana zvisingaite. Kurapa nemasero, pachinangwa chayo, kunosanganisira kushandisa masero mapenyu kutsiva kana kugadzirisa masero akakuvara kana asipo mumuviri. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora basa remishonga yezvekurapa nemasero, matekinoroji anoitsigira, uye matambudziko anotarisana nawo mukushandiswa kwayo.
Pfungwa Huru dzeKurapa Masero
Kurapa nemasero zvinoreva kupiwa kwemasero emunhu akagadzirwa kana akasarudzwa kuti arapwe. Masero aya anogona kubva kune anopa (allotransplantation) kana kubva kumunhu mumwe chete (autotransplantation). Kurapa nemasero kunowanzo sanganisira kushandiswa kwemasero emasero, ane kugona kwakasiyana kwekusiyanisa mumarudzi akasiyana emasero. Mhando mbiri dzemasero emasero anoshandiswa kazhinji imasero emasero emucheche uye masero emasero evakuru.
Masero Ekutanga Emudumbu
Masero emudumbu (ESCs) anobva kublastocysts yemaembryoni ekutanga uye ane kugona kunoshamisa kwekusiyana mumhando dzese dzemasero mumuviri. Kugona uku kunozivikanwa se "pluripotency." Kushandiswa kweESCs kune tariro, asi zvakare kunomutsa gakava retsika nekuti kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwemaembryoni evanhu.
Masero Evanhu Vakuru
Masero emasero evakuru (ASCs) anowanikwa munhengo dzakasiyana dzemuviri dzakadai semupfupa, ropa, uye uropi. Kunyangwe aine simba shoma pane maESCs, maASC achiri kugona kusiyanisa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemasero uye anopa mukana wekuti kuunganidzwa kwawo nekushandiswa kazhinji hakuna gakava retsika.
Kutsigira Tekinoroji muKurapa Masero
Kufambira mberi nekukurumidza mukurapa kwemishonga kwakagonesa matekinoroji akasiyana-siyana epamusoro anotsigira kurongeka uye kushanda kwekurapa kwemasero. Mamwe matekinoroji akakosha anosanganisira:
1. Uinjiniya hweMajini
Kugadzira majini kunobvumira kuchinjwa kwemajini mumasero ekutanga, nokudaro zvichivandudza kushanda zvakanaka uye kuchengetedzeka kwekurapa kwemasero. Muenzaniso inzira yeCRISPR-Cas9, iyo inobvumira kugadzirisa majini zvakanyatsonaka. Izvi zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemajini kunokonzera chirwere kana kuunza majini matsva anopa mabhenefiti ekurapa.
2. Kukura Kwemasero
Tekinoroji yekukura kwemasero inobvumira masero ekutanga kuwanda murabhoritari asati aiswa mumurwere. Nzvimbo yakagadziriswa yekukura inoita kuti masero akwanise kukura nekusiyana sezvinodiwa pakurapwa.
3. Kugadzirisa Dziviriro yeMhuka
Panyaya yekupa ropa kune allotransplantation, masero emupi anowanzo rambidzwa nemasoja emuviri emupi. Matekinoroji ekudzivirira muviri anoita basa rekudzora mashandiro emuviri emupi kumasero emupi pasina kuwedzera njodzi yehutachiona. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kushandisa mishonga inodzvinyirira masoja kana matekiniki einjiniya anoita kuti masero emupi asazivikanwe seekunze.
4. Kutumirwa Nefoni
Nzira dzekutumira masero dzinoshanda uye dzakarurama dzakakosha pakuona kuti masero anosvika panzvimbo yaanoda kurapwa. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kushandisa scaffold kana biomaterial matrix inotungamira masero uye inoabatsira kurarama nekushanda zvakanaka mushure mekuiswa.
Maitiro Ekurapa Masero
Kurapa nemasero kunopa tariro itsva yekurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaoma kurapa, zvakaita se:
1. Zvirwere Zvinokanganisa Kubereka
Imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kuvimbisa dzekurapa nemasero ndeyekurapa zvirwere zvinokanganisa muviri zvakaita seParkinson's, Alzheimer's, uye chirwere chemwoyo. Kurapa uku kunoshanda nekutsiva masero akakuvara kana akarasika nemasero matsva, ane hutano. Semuenzaniso, muchirwere cheParkinson, kurapwa nemasero kunogona kutsiva ma neuron anogadzira dopamine, neurotransmitter isina kukwana muuropi hwemurwere.
2. Kukuvara kweMusana
Kurapa nemasero kuri kuongororwawo senzira yekurapa kukuvara kwemusana. Uchishandisa masero etsinga, masero etsinga akakuvara anogona kugadziriswa kana kutsiviwa, zvichigona kudzoreredza mashandiro emuviri nepfungwa muvarwere vakaremara.
3. Chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga
Muchirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga, masoja emuviri anorwisa nekukanganisa uye anoparadza masero e beta anogadzira insulin epancreas. Kurapa nemasero kunovavarira kutsiva masero aya e beta akarasika, izvo zvinogona kudzorera kugona kwemuviri kugadzira insulin zvakasikwa.
4. Kuvandudzwa kwenyama nenhengo
Chimwe chiono chenguva refu chekurapa nemasero ndechekuvandudza nhengo dzakaomarara dzemuviri. Izvi zvinosanganisira kukura kwenhengo dzemuviri dzakagadzirwa kana dzakagadzirwa dzinogona kuiswa mumurwere zvachose. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvichiri muchikamu chekutanga chekutsvagisa, zvine mukana mukuru wekugadzirisa kushomeka kwenhengo dzinopa.
Matambudziko Nezvipingamupinyi
Pasinei nekukwanisa kwayo kukuru, kurapwa nemasero kunosanganawo nematambudziko akasiyana-siyana nezvipingamupinyi zvinoda kukundwa zvisati zvashandiswa zvakanyanya.
1. Nyaya dzetsika nedzemitemo
Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinonetsa mukurapa nemasero inyaya dzetsika dzine chekuita nekushandiswa kwemasero emucheche. Uyezve, mitemo yakasimba inodiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kurapwa nemasero kwakachengeteka uye kunoshanda, izvo zvinogona kuva chipingamupinyi mukutsvagisa nekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva.
2. Kusapindirana kwezvirwere mumuviri
Dambudziko rekurambwa kwemasoja emuviri richiri chipingamupinyi chikuru, kunyanya mukuisirwa kwemasero emuviri. Matekinoroji ekugadzirisa masoja emuviri anofanira kuvandudzwa kuti dambudziko iri ripere.
3. Kukwanisa Kukura uye Mutengo
Kugadzirwa kwemasero makuru ane mhando yakafanana kunoda tekinoroji yepamusoro uye inodhura. Mutengo uyu wepamusoro unogona kuva chipingamupinyi pakuwana kurapwa kwemasero kune varwere vazhinji.
4. Kuchengetedzeka uye Kushanda Zvakanaka
Kuchengeteka kwenguva refu uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekurapa nemasero kuchiri kufanira kuongororwa zviri nani. Njodzi dzinogona kuitika, dzakadai sekukura kwegomarara kubva mumasero emuviri ane masero akawanda, dzinofanira kuderedzwa.
Mhedziso
Basa rekurapa nemasero mukurapa nekurapa kwakakosha uye riri kuramba richikura. Nekuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekugadzira majini, tsika dzemasero, immunomodulation, uye nzira dzekupa masero, kurapwa nemasero kuri kuswedera pedyo nekupa mhinduro kuzvirwere zvakawanda zvakaoma kurapa parizvino. Kunyange hazvo matambudziko mazhinji achiripo, mikana yenguva refu yekurapa nemasero iri kuvimbisa uye inogona kuchinja zvakanyanya nzira yatinoziva nekurapa nayo chirwere. Mumakore anotevera, kushanda pamwe chete pakati pemasayendisiti, vanachiremba, nehurumende kunotarisirwa kukunda zvipingamupinyi zviripo uye kusimudzira kushandiswa kwemasero padanho repamusoro.
