Maumbirwo eChromosome muZvipenyu Zvipenyu MaChromosome chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mumasero mapenyu, chinoshanda se "mudziyo" mukuru weruzivo rwemajini. Mukati memachromosome, DNA inochengetwa, ine majini anodzora hunhu, mashandiro emuviri, uye kukura kwechisikwa kubva pasero rimwe chete kusvika kumunhu akazara. Maumbirwo emachromosome anonakidza kwete chete nekuda kwechimiro chawo asiwo nekuda kwe... Verenga zvakawanda
Kurongedza DNA muSero Nucleus Musero rega rega re eukaryotic—senge revanhu, mhuka, zvirimwa, uye fungi—munochengeterwa mirairo yehupenyu muchimiro cheDNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Dai DNA kubva musero rimwe chete remunhu yaizovhurwa, yaizoreba mamita maviri. Dambudziko: tambo refu kudaro yaizokwana sei munucleus yesero, iyo ine dhayamita shoma chete? … Verenga zvakawanda
MaHistones neChromatin Structure Mukati memasero eukaryotic, DNA haipo se "shinda" isingakanganiswe. Dai DNA yese yevanhu yakavhurwa, yaizoreba mamita maviri, kunyangwe nucleus iri dhayamita shoma chete. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hurefu hwakakura hwezvinhu zvemajini hunogona kukwana uku huchiramba huri nyore kushandisa muzvinhu zvakakosha zvehupenyu, sero... Verenga zvakawanda
DNA Methylation muGene Expression DNA methylation ndeimwe yenzira dzakakosha dze epigenetic, inodzora kuti gene rinoratidzwa riini uye sei pasina kuchinja DNA base sequence pachayo. Nemamwe mashoko, ruzivo rwemajini runoramba rwakafanana, asi "kuverenga" kwaro kunogona kuchinja. Maitiro aya anoita basa guru mukukura kwe embryonic, kusiyana kwemasero, kuchengetedza hunhu hwetishu, uye… Verenga zvakawanda
Epigenetics muGene Regulation Epigenetics ibazi rebiology rinoongorora shanduko mumashandiro emagene asingakonzerwi nekuchinja kweDNA sequence. Nemamwe mashoko, epigenetics inotsanangura kuti majini anogona sei kuvhurwa kana kuvharwa pasina kuchinja gene code pachayo. Pfungwa iyi yakakosha nekuti inotibatsira kunzwisisa kuti nei masero mumuviri ane DNA imwe chete achigona… Verenga zvakawanda
MaGenome eProkaryotic muMolecular Biology MaGenome eProkaryotic ibwe guru rekuvaka mamorekuru ebiology, zvichiratidza kuti hupenyu, padanho rayo riri nyore, hunochengeta, hunoratidza, uye hunotumira ruzivo rwemajini. MaProkaryotes—anosanganisira mabhakitiriya nearchaea—ane masangano egenome akamanikana zvichienzaniswa nemaeukaryotes, asi anoshanda semuenzaniso wakakodzera wekunzwisisa misimboti yekutanga yeDNA replication, gene regulation, mutation, uye… Verenga zvakawanda
Kurongeka kwemajini mumasero eukaryotic Majini mumasero eukaryotic—akadai seemhuka, zvirimwa, fungi, uye mapurotist—ane nhanho yakaoma uye yakarongeka zvikuru yekurongeka. Kusiyana nemaprokaryotes, ayo anowanzova neDNA yakatenderera iri munzvimbo imwe chete (nucleoid), masero eukaryotic anochengeta akawanda ezviwanikwa zvavo zvemajini mukati menucleus muchimiro chemakromosomu akatsetseka. Kuti DNA iyo… Verenga zvakawanda
Kubatanidzwa Kwemajini muMolecular Biology Kubatanidzwa kwemajini ndeimwe yenzira dzakakosha muMolecular biology, zvichibvumira zvinhu zvemajini kuchinjana, kurongwa patsva, kana kusanganiswa. Maitiro aya anoita basa guru mukugadzira shanduko yemajini, kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwemajini, uye kugadzirisa kukuvara kweDNA. Muzvinhu zvipenyu—kubva kubhakitiriya kusvika kuvanhu—kubatanidzwazve chishandiso chechisikigo chekuchengetedza kurarama… Verenga zvakawanda
Kugadziriswa kweDNA muKugadzikana kweGenome Kugadzikana kwegenome kugona kwezvinhu zvemajini zvechisikigo kuchengetedza kurongeka kweDNA uye chimiro chayo nekufamba kwenguva. Kugadzikana uku kwakakosha nekuti DNA inochengeta mirairo yezvebhayoloji inodzora mashandiro ese emasero, kubva pakupatsanurwa uye metabolism kusvika kumhinduro dzezvakatipoteredza. Zvisinei, DNA haisi molekyuru yakagadzikana zvakakwana. Zuva nezuva, … Verenga zvakawanda
Kuchinja kwemajini muMasisitimu eZvipenyu Kuchinja kwemajini kuchinja kwechigarire muDNA, chinhu chikuru chemajini muzvinhu zvipenyu zvese. Kuchinja uku kunogona kuitika mu "bhii" rimwe chete reDNA (nitrogenous base) kana muchikamu chakareba. Kunyangwe izwi rekuti "mutation" richiwanzobatanidzwa nechirwere kana chimwe chinhu chinokuvadza, mumasisitimu ezvipenyu kuchinja... Verenga zvakawanda