Maumbirwo eChromosome muZvipenyu Zvipenyu MaChromosome chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvemasero mapenyu, chinoshanda se "mudziyo" mukuru weruzivo rwemajini. Mukati memachromosome, DNA inochengetwa, ine majini anodzora hunhu, mashandiro emuviri, uye kukura kwechisikwa kubva pasero rimwe chete kusvika pamunhu akazara. Maumbirwo emachromosome anonakidza kwete chete nekuda kwechimiro chawo asiwo nekuda kwe... Read more
Kurongedza DNA muSero Nucleus Musero rega rega re eukaryotic—senge revanhu, mhuka, zvirimwa, uye fungi—munochengeterwa mirairo yehupenyu muchimiro cheDNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Dai DNA kubva musero rimwe chete remunhu yaizovhurwa, yaizoreba mamita maviri. Dambudziko: tambo refu kudaro yaizokwana sei munucleus yesero, iyo ine dhayamita shoma chete? Read more
MaHistones neChromatin Structure Mukati memasero eukaryotic, DNA haipo se "shinda" isingakanganiswe. Dai DNA yese yemunhu yakavhurwa, yaizoreba mamita maviri, kunyangwe dhayamita yekati yesero iri ma micrometer mashoma chete. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvemajini hunogona kukwana panguva yekugona kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakakosha zvehupenyu, sero... Read more
DNA Methylation muGene Expression DNA methylation ndeimwe yenzira dzakakosha dze epigenetic, inodzora kuti gene rinoratidzwa riini uye sei pasina kuchinja DNA base sequence pachayo. Nemamwe mashoko, ruzivo rwemajini runoramba rwakafanana, asi "kuverenga" kwaro kunogona kuchinja. Maitiro aya anoita basa guru mukukura kwe embryonic, kusiyana kwemasero, kuchengetedza hunhu hwetishu, uye… Read more
Epigenetics muMutemo weMajini Epigenetics ibazi rebiology rinoongorora shanduko mumashandiro emajini asingakonzerwi nekuchinja kweDNA sequence. Nemamwe mashoko, epigenetics inotsanangura kuti majini anogona sei kuvhurwa kana kuvharwa pasina kuchinja kodhi yemajini pachayo. Pfungwa iyi yakakosha nekuti inotibatsira kunzwisisa kuti nei masero mumuviri ane DNA imwe chete achigona… Read more
MaGenome eProkaryotic muMolecular Biology MaGenome eProkaryotic ibwe guru rekuvaka mamorekuru ebiology, zvichiratidza kuti hupenyu, padanho rayo riri nyore, hunochengeta, hunoratidza, uye hunotumira ruzivo rwemajini. MaProkaryotes—anosanganisira mabhakitiriya nearchaea—ane masangano egenome akamanikana zvichienzaniswa nemaeukaryotes, asi anoshanda semuenzaniso wakakodzera wekunzwisisa misimboti yekutanga yekudzokororwa kweDNA, kutonga kwemajini, kushanduka, uye… Read more
Kurongeka kwemajini mumasero eukaryotic Majini ari mumasero eukaryotic—akadai seemhuka, zvirimwa, fungi, uye mapurotist—ane nhanho yakaoma uye yakarongeka zvikuru yekurongeka. Kusiyana nemaprokaryotes, ayo anowanzova neDNA yakatenderera iri munzvimbo imwe chete (nucleoid), masero eukaryotic anochengeta akawanda ezviwanikwa zvawo zvemajini mukati menucleus muchimiro chemakromosomu akatsetseka. Kuti DNA iyo... Read more
Kubatanidzwa Kwemajini muMolecular Biology Kubatanidzwa kwemajini ndeimwe yenzira dzakakosha muMolecular biology, zvichibvumira zvinhu zvemajini kuchinjana, kurongwa patsva, kana kusanganiswa. Maitiro aya anoita basa guru mukugadzira shanduko yemajini, kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwemajini, uye kugadzirisa kukuvara kweDNA. Muzvinhu zvipenyu—kubva kubhakitiriya kusvika kuvanhu—kubatanidzwazve “chishandiso” chechisikigo chekuchengetedza kurarama… Read more
Kugadziriswa kweDNA muKugadzikana kweGenome Kugadzikana kweGenome kugona kwezvinhu zvemajini zvechisikigo kuchengetedza kurongeka kweDNA uye chimiro chayo nekufamba kwenguva. Kugadzikana uku kwakakosha nekuti DNA inochengeta mirairo yezvebhayoloji inodzora mashandiro ese emasero, kubva pakupatsanurwa uye kushandurwa kwemetabolism kusvika kumhinduro dzezvakatipoteredza. Zvisinei, DNA haisi molekyuru yakagadzikana zvakakwana. Zuva nezuva, … Read more
Kuchinja kwemajini muMasisitimu eZvipenyu Kuchinja kwemajini kuchinja kwechigarire muDNA, chinhu chikuru chemajini muzvinhu zvipenyu zvese. Kuchinja uku kunogona kuitika mu "bhii" rimwe chete reDNA (nitrogenous base) kana muchikamu chakareba. Kunyangwe izwi rekuti "mutation" richiwanzobatanidzwa nechirwere kana chimwe chinhu chinokuvadza, mumasikirini ezvipenyu, kuchinja chaiko... Read more
