Mashandisirwo eNanotechnology muBiomedical: Zvitsva Zviri Kuchinja Chiso Chehutano
Nanotechnology, bazi resainzi rinotarisa pakushandisa zvinhu pachiyero chenanometer (chikamu chimwe chete pazviuru zvemita), rakavhura mikana mitsva muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira biomedicine. Mashandisirwo e nanotechnology mune zvekurapa anotangira pakuongorora kwakarurama kusvika pakurapa kunoshanda uye kurapwa kwakagadzirirwa munhu. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora mashandisirwo akakosha e nanotechnology mu biomedicine, mashandiro anoita tekinoroji iyi, uye kukanganisa kwayo ramangwana rehutano hwepasi rose.
Kuongorora chirwere cheNanodiagnostics
Nanodiagnostics inoreva kushandiswa kwemisimboti netekinoroji ye nanotechnology pakuongorora chirwere. Muenzaniso mumwe unozivikanwa zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwe nanoparticles mukuona kenza. Nanoparticles dzinogona kugadzirwa dzine hunhu hwakananga hunovabvumira kubatana nemasero chaiwo ekenza. Izvi zvinobvumira vaongorori nevanachiremba kuona kuvapo nehukuru hwemamota nemazvo, kazhinji pachidanho chekutanga kupfuura nzira dzemazuva ano.
Matekiniki akadai semadotsi equantum, zvimiro zvidiki zvenano zvinogona kunyorwa nebiomolecules chaiyo, zvakaratidzwa kuti zvinoshanda zvikuru pakuona zviratidzo zvebiomarker chaiyo. Kugadzirwa kwema biosensors akavakirwa pa nanotechnology kwakakurumidzisawo kuongororwa kwezvirwere zvinotapukira, zvakaita seHIV neTB, nekuona kuti hutachiona hunoonekwa pahuwandu hwakaderera.
Kurapa Kwakanangwa
Imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa dze nanotechnology mukurapa ndeyekukwanisa kupa mushonga wakanangana nawo. Semuenzaniso, mukurapa kenza, nanoparticles dzinogona kugadzirwa kuti dzione uye dziendese mishonga zvakananga kumasero ekenza, zvichideredza kukuvara kwenyama ine hutano. Izvi zvinowedzera kushanda kwemishonga uye zvinoderedza migumisiro yakaipa, dambudziko guru mukurapa kenza kwakajairika.
MaLiposome rudzi rwezvipenyu zvidiki zvinoshandiswa mukurapa kwakanangwa. MaLiposomes zvipenyu zvidiki zvemafuta zvinogona kutakura mishonga mumuviri, kudzivirira kubva mukuora, uye kuzviendesa kunzvimbo dzine chirwere. Uyezve, zvipenyu zvidiki zve polymer-based uye zvipenyu zvidiki zve inorganic, zvakaita sezvipenyu zvidiki zvegoridhe nesirivha, zviri kutsvakurudzwa zvakanyanya uye parizvino zviri kugadzirwa kuti zvishandiswe mukurapa.
Mishonga Inorwisa Utachiona uye Kuendeswa Kwemajini
Nanotechnology inopawo tariro itsva mukuvandudzwa kwemishonga inorwisa utachiona uye kurapwa kwemajini. Nzvimbo dzeNanoparticle dzakashandiswa kuuraya mabhakitiriya kana kukanganisa mabhakitiriya asingapindi mishonga inorwisa utachiona. Semuenzaniso, sirivha nanoparticles inozivikanwa nekushanda nesimba kwemishonga inorwisa utachiona uye yave kushandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa.
Mukurapa kwemajini, nanoparticles dzinogona kushandiswa semavectors ekuendesa majini ekurapa mumasero. Izvi zvinomiririra mhinduro inogona kuitika kune zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvemajini izvo parizvino zvisina mishonga inoshanda. Lipofection, tekinoroji inoshandisa liposomes kuendesa DNA kana RNA, muenzaniso wekuti nanotechnology inogona kubatsira sei kupinza zvinhu zvemajini mumasero anotarisirwa.
Zviri Nani Kudyara uye Maprotheses
Nanotechnology yakachinja nzira yatinogadzira uye tinoshandisa ma implants ekurapa uye ma prostheses. Nekuputira nanoparticle, ma implants anogona kugadzirwa kuti agare kwenguva refu, aenderane nehupenyu, uye ave nehunyanzvi hwekuuraya utachiona. Zvinhu zvakagadzirwa ne nanos zvakaita se carbon nanotubes ne graphene zviri kuongororwawo kuti zvivandudze simba uye mashandiro e prostheses.
Ma nanonetwork aya anobatsira kuderedza kurambwa kwemuviri kwezvishandiso zvemuviri, kuderedza njodzi yekutapukirwa, uye kukurudzira kupora. Semuenzaniso, nanonetworks pamusoro pezvishandiso zvemapfupa zvinogona kukurudzira kukura kwemapfupa matsva nekukurumidza uye kwakasimba kwakatenderedza chishandiso.
Kuongorora Mifananidzo
Nanotechnology ine basa guru mukufungidzira kwezvokurapa. Matekiniki akadai semagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uye positron emission tomography (PET) anogona kuvandudzwa nekushandisa nanoparticles. Semuenzaniso, iron oxide nanoparticles inogona kushandiswa se contrast agent yeMRI, zvichibvumira mifananidzo yakajeka uye yakadzama yemukati memuviri.
Zvidimbu zvidiki zvidiki zvakasanganiswa nemishonga yekufungidzira zvinogona kubatsira mukuona chirwere pakutanga uye nekunzwa kwakanyanya. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru mukurapa kwekenza, uko kuonekwa kwekutanga kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kufanotaura chirwere uye nzira dzekurapa.
Mishonga yekudzivirira uye Nanovaccines
Nanotechnology inoitawo basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa uye kugadziriswa kwemajekiseni. Majekiseni echinyakare anowanzo sangana nematambudziko akadai sekushaya simba rakawanda uye matambudziko ekugara zvakanaka. Majekiseni eNanovaccines anoshandisa nanoparticles kuendesa maantigen uye kuwedzera simba remuviri rekudzivirira chirwere. Izvi zvinogona kuwedzera kushanda kwejekiseni uye kuderedza kudiwa kwemishonga ine chepfu.
Semuenzaniso, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) dzakashandiswa mune mamwe majekiseni eCOVID-19 kuendesa messenger RNA (mRNA) mumasero emuviri kuti arayire kugadzira mapuroteni anokonzera mhinduro yekudzivirira muviri.
Kuchengetedzwa uye Mutemo
Usati watanga kushandisa nanotechnology zvizere mukurapa, nyaya dzekuchengetedza dzinofanira kuongororwa zvakakwana. Nanoparticles dzakasiyana uye dzinogona kuratidza maitiro akasiyana echepfu zvichienzaniswa nechinhu chimwe chete muchimiro chayo chikuru. Saka, tsvakiridzo pamusoro pekuti zvinhu zvinoenderana sei nehupenyu, kugoverwa kwemuviri, kushandiswa kwemetabolism, uye kubviswa kwe nanoparticles kwakakosha.
Uyezve, mitemo yakasimba uye zviyero zvinodiwa kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa zve nanotechnology zvakachengeteka uye zvinoshanda. Masangano anotonga akadai seFood and Drug Administration (FDA) muUnited States neEuropean Medicines Agency (EMA) muEurope ari kushanda kugadzira hurongwa hwakakodzera hwemitemo yekushandisa nanotechnology mukurapa.
Remangwana reNanotechnology muBiomedicine
Remangwana re nanotechnology mu biomedicine rine tariro huru uye rinotarisirwa kuchinja nzira yatinoona nayo kuongororwa, kurapwa, uye kudzivirira chirwere. Iyi tekinoroji ichaita kuti kurapwa kwakagadzirirwa varwere zvakasiyana uye kunoshanda.
Kufambira mberi mune izvi kunogonawo kutungamira mukuumbwa kwetekinoroji itsva dzatisati tafungidzira. Kuenderera mberi nekutsvaga nekushandira pamwe pakati pezvidzidzo zvakaita sebiology, chemistry, physics, uye engineering zvichave zvakakosha pakuwana kugona kwakazara kwe nanotechnology mu biomedicine.
Mhedziso
Nanotechnology inopa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushandisa mu biomedicine. Kubva pakuongorora nanodiagnostics nekukurumidza uye kwakarurama, kusvika pakurapa kwakanangwa kunoshanda uye kusina migumisiro yakawanda, kusvika pakugadzirwa kwezvishandiso zvemuviri zvakavandudzwa uye zvinoenderana ne bio, nanotechnology ine mukana wekushandura hutano hwepasi rose. Sezvatinoramba tichiongorora nekushandisa tekinoroji iyi, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti inoshandiswa zvakachengeteka uye zvinobudirira kuburikidza nekutsvagisa kwakazara uye mitemo yakasimba. Remangwana re nanotechnology mu biomedicine rinotaridzika rakajeka, uye tiri kutanga kwezvingave shanduko huru muhutano.
