Tekinoroji Yemazuva Ano Mumabhatiri Emagetsi
Kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yemabhatiri emagetsi kwakaona kufambira mberi kukuru mumakumi emakore achangopfuura. Kubva pamabhatiri ekutanga e lead-acid akagadzirwa mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 kusvika kumabhatiri e lithium-ion akasimba atinoshandisa nhasi, kufambira mberi kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi. Munyika iri kuramba ichivimba nesimba remagetsi, kudiwa kwekuchengetedza simba kwakanaka, kwakachengeteka, uye kunogara kwenguva refu kuri kuramba kuchikurumidza.
Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora mamwe matekinoroji matsva mumabhatiri emagetsi, ayo anofungidzirwa kuti achagadzira nzira yekuchinja kwesimba kunotevera. Matekinoroji ari kukurukurwa anosanganisira mabhatiri e-solid-state, mabhatiri e-lithium-sulfur, mabhatiri e-sodium-ion, graphene, nedzimwe tekinoroji dzekuchengetedza simba dziri kugadzirwa parizvino.
1. Bhatiri Rinomira Zvakasimba
Mabhatiri eSolid-state anoonekwa seimwe yenzira itsva dzinovimbisa mukuchengetedza simba. Kusiyana nemabhatiri eLithium-ion, anoshandisa maelectrolyte emvura, mabhatiri eSolid-state anoshandisa maelectrolyte akasimba. Zvakanakira zvikuru zvemabhatiri aya zvinosanganisira kuwanda kwesimba, kuchengetedzeka kuri nani, uye hupenyu hurefu.
Zvakanakira Nezvinetso
Chimwe chezvakanakira zvikuru zvemabhatiri e-solid-state kuchengetedzeka kuri nani, sezvo pasina njodzi yekubuda kwe-electrolyte kunogona kukonzera moto kana kuputika. Ma-electrolyte akasimba anobvumirawo huwandu hwakawanda hwesimba, zvichibvumira mabhatiri aya kuchengetedza simba rakawanda munzvimbo diki. Zvisinei, dambudziko guru mukugadzira mabhatiri e-solid-state nderekuona kuti electrolyte yakasimba ine ionic conductivity yakakwana uye inoenderana zvakanaka neanode ne cathode.
Mugadziri Mukuru
Toyota neQuantumScape makambani maviri ari pamberi mukugadzira mabhatiri emhando ye "solid-state". QuantumScape, inotsigirwa neVolkswagen, inoti tekinoroji yayo inogona kuwedzera huwandu hwesimba kusvika ku50% zvichienzaniswa nemabhatiri emhando ye "lithium-ion". Zvisinei, matambudziko ehunyanzvi uye mitengo yepamusoro yekugadzira zvichiri kuda kugadziriswa mabhatiri emhando ye "solid-state" asati agadzirwa akawanda.
2. Bhatiri reLithium-Sarufa
Mabhatiri eLithium-sulfur (Li-S) ndeimwe nzira itsva yemabhatiri ine mukana mukuru. Anovimbisa huwandu hwakawanda hwesimba uye mitengo yakaderera yezvinhu zvichienzaniswa nemabhatiri eLithium-ion.
Simba Nekusasimba
Mabhatiri eLithium-sulfur ane simba rakawanda, zvichireva kuti anogona kuchengetedza simba rakawanda pahuremu nehukuru hweyuniti. Uyezve, sarufa yakawanda uye inodhura zvishoma pane cobalt, iyo inokosha kumabhatiri eLithium-ion. Zvisinei, mabhatiri eLi-S anowanzo sangana nematambudziko ehupenyu hupfupi uye kurasikirwa nekukurumidza kwekushanda mushure mekuchaja kakawanda uye kuburitsa magetsi.
Mutungamiriri weVagadziri
Makambani akaita seOxis Energy neSion Power anga achishanda nesimba kugadzirisa matambudziko aya. Semuenzaniso, Oxis Energy yakataura nezvekufambira mberi mukuwedzera hupenyu hwemabhatiri eLi-S uye kuvandudza kugadzikana kwawo. Vakagadzirawo ma prototypes ekushandisa mumadrone nedzimwe mota dzemudenga.
3. Bhatiri reSodium-Ion
Mabhatiri eSodium-ion anokwezva pane mabhatiri eLithium-ion. Sodium yakawanda uye inodhura zvishoma pane lithium. Manyuko eSodium akapararirawo munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kuvimba nekuchera lithium, iyo inowanikwa munyika shoma.
Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa
Kunyange hazvo mabhatiri e sodium-ion asingakwanise kupa simba rakawanda semabhatiri e lithium-ion, ane zvakanakira pamutengo uye kuwanikwa kwezvinhu. Uyezve, mabhatiri aya ane hushamwari kune nharaunda nekuti sodium chinhu chinodzokororwa zviri nyore. Zvisinei, dambudziko guru rehunyanzvi nderekugadzira electrolyte yakagadzikana uye anode yakakodzera kuchengetedza sodium ions.
Latest Developments
Makambani akaita seFaradion neCATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited) ari kutungamira mukugadzirwa kwemabhatiri e sodium-ion. Semuenzaniso, Faradion yakagadzira bhatiri re sodium-ion rinoratidza kushanda zvakanaka nemabhatiri e lithium-ion mune mamwe mashandisirwo.
4. Mabhatiri Akavakirwa paGraphene
Graphene yakaratidza kugona kukuru mukushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwetekinoroji, kusanganisira kuchengetedza simba. Maumbirwo ayo eatomu, ane jira rimwe chete remaatomu ekabhoni, ane conductivity yakakura, simba remakanika rakakura, uye nzvimbo yakakura, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chinokwezva zvikuru pakugadzira mabhatiri.
Zvakanakira Nezvinetso
Mabhatiri akagadzirwa neGraphene anogona kupa kumhanya kwekuchaja nekukurumidza uye kugona kuchengetedza kwakakwira zvichienzaniswa nemabhatiri ekare akagadzirwa necarbon. Zvisinei, matambudziko makuru mune tekinoroji iyi kubatanidza graphene mumagadzirirwo emabhatiri anoshanda uye anoshanda uye mitengo yepamusoro yekugadzira.
Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvitsva uye Kushandisa
Samsung neHuawei makambani maviri ari kutsvaga tekinoroji yebhatiri regraphene. Samsung yakataura kuti yakabudirira mukugadzira bhatiri regraphene rinogona kuchajwa zvizere mumaminitsi asingasviki makumi matatu, ukuwo Huawei iri kuisawo mari mukutsvaga kwakanangana nekuisa graphene mumagadzirirwo emabhatiri ayo.
5. Mamwe matekinoroji ekuchengetedza simba
Kuwedzera kune zvitsva zvataurwa pamusoro apa, matekinoroji matsva akasiyana-siyana ekuchengetedza simba ari kutsvakurudzwa uye kugadzirwa pari zvino. Semuenzaniso, mabhatiri ekuyerera, anoshandisa mhinduro mbiri dze electrolyte dzemvura dzakachengetwa mumatangi ekunze, anopa mukana wekupararira uye kugara kwenguva refu, zvichiita kuti akwanise kuchengetwa simba rakakura.
Kuchengetedza simba rinopisa uye mabhatiri esimbi yemvura zvinoratidzawo mukana mukuru wekuchengetedza simba mune ramangwana. Matekinoroji aya anopa nzira itsva dzekuchengetedza nekushandisa simba nekushanda nesimba uye kuvimbika.
Mhedziso
Munguva ino apo kudiwa kwesimba rakachena uye rinoshanda kuri kuwedzera, matekinoroji ekuchengetedza simba ari kutamba basa rakakosha. Mabhatiri eSolid-state, lithium-sulfur, sodium-ion, uye graphene anopa mabhenefiti akasiyana-siyana anogona kukunda zvimwe zvezvipingamupinyi zvetekinoroji dzemabhatiri dzemazuva ano. Kunyange zvazvo tekinoroji yega yega ichipa matambudziko ayo, hunyanzvi huri kuramba huchienderera mberi, uye ramangwana rekuchengetedza simba rinotaridzika rakajeka nemhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana dzepamusoro dziri kugadzirwa.
Kudyara mari mukutsvaga nekusimudzira, kushanda pamwe chete pakati pemaindasitiri nedzidzo, uye rutsigiro rwakakwana rwemitemo zvichave zvakakosha mukukurudzira kushandiswa kwetekinoroji idzi. Saka, tinogona kutarisira kuona mabhatiri anoshanda zvakanaka, akachengeteka, uye asingakuvadzi nharaunda mune ramangwana, izvo zvichave nebasa rakakosha mukutsigira shanduko yesimba repasi rose nebudiriro inoenderera mberi.
