Tekinoroji yeBhatiri yeMagedhi Emazuva Ano
Kugadzirwa kwemidziyo yemazuva ano—kubva kumafoni nemalaptop matete kusvika kuma smartwatches nemidziyo yeaudio isina waya—kwakabatana zvakanyanya nechinhu chimwe chete chakakosha: bhatiri. Sezvo masikirini achipenya, ma processor achiwedzera simba, uye kubatana nekukurumidza, ndizvo zvinoitawo zvinodiwa pamabhatiri. Vashandisi vanoda kugara kwenguva refu kwebhatiri, kuchaja nekukurumidza, michina mitete, uye kuchengetedzeka kwakawedzerwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yebhatiri kwave imwe yenzvimbo dzekutsvaga dzakakwikwidzana muindasitiri yemagetsi nhasi.
Kutonga kweLithium-ion uye Kushanduka Kwayo
Mabhatiri eLithium-ion (Li-ion) achiri kushandiswa zvakanaka nekuda kwesimba rawo rakawanda, huremu hwawo hwakaderera, uye kushanda kwawo kwakasimba. Zvisinei, Li-ion inoshandiswa mumidziyo yemazuva ano haina kumira zvakanaka kubvira payakatanga kufarirwa. Kuvandudzwa kwayo kwakaitika kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zve cathode ne anode, dhizaini yemasero, uye masisitimu ekutonga mabhatiri.
Kudivi re cathode, mamwe maformula anozivikanwa anosanganisira NMC (Nickel Manganese Cobalt) uye NCA (Nickel Cobalt Aluminum). Muitiro wepasi rose ndewekuwedzera huwandu hwenickel kuwedzera huwandu hwesimba, ukuwo uchideredza cobalt inodhura uye ine gakava mucheni yekugovera. Panguva imwecheteyo, kune zvishandiso zvinokoshesa hupenyu hurefu uye kugadzikana kwekupisa, LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) iri kuwana mukurumbira. LFP inowanzo kuve yakachengeteka uye inodzivirira kutenderera, kunyangwe huwandu hwayo hwesimba hwakaderera pane NMC/NCA. Mune mimwe michina, kunyanya iyo inoda kuchengetedzeka kwakawedzerwa, LFP isarudzo inokwezva.
Silicon Anode: Kukwanisa Kwakawanda Muhukuru Hwakafanana
Imwe nzira inonyanya kukurukurwa ndeyekushandiswa kwesilicon muma anode. Ma anode egrafiti akajairika ane kugona kushoma kwedzidziso. Kune rumwe rutivi, silicon inogona kuchengetedza maion akawanda e lithium, zvichigona kuwedzera kugona kwebhatiri pasina kuwedzera saizi chaiyo.
Dambudziko nderekuti silicon inowana kuwedzera kukuru kwevhoriyamu panguva yekubuda kwechaji, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kutsemuka, kuora nekukurumidza, uye kudzikira kwesimba. Nokudaro, vagadziri havawanzo chinja kuenda ku "full silicon anodes," asi panzvimbo pezvo vanoshandisa silicon-doped anodes. Nzira iyi inoita kuti simba riwedzere zvishoma nezvishoma uku ichichengetedza kugara kwenguva refu kwecycle. Mumakore achangopfuura, magadget epamusoro-soro akatanga kushandisa silicon-based anode chemistrys kuti awane hupenyu hwebhatiri hwakareba muzviitiko zviri kuwedzera kutetepa.
Mabhatiri Akasimba: Chipikirwa Chekuchengetedzwa Uye Kuwanda Kwesimba
Mabhatiri eSolid-state (mabhatiri ane maelectrolyte akasimba) anowanzo taurwa se "ramangwana" rekuchengetera simba. Mumabhatiri eLi-ion akajairika, electrolyte yakaita semvura kana kuti gel. Maelectrolyte emvura anowanzo buda, kupisa, uye anoda magadzirirwo akasimba ekudzivirira. Mabhatiri eSolid-state ane mukana wekuderedza njodzi idzi ukuwo achigonesa kushandiswa kwe lithium metal anodes, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera simba zvakanyanya.
Zvisinei, mabhatiri e-solid-state achiri kutarisana nematambudziko: mitengo yakakwira yekugadzira, matambudziko mukugadzirwa kukuru, uye matambudziko pakubatana pakati pe-solid electrolyte nema electrodes, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro ebhatiri uye hupenyu hwebhatiri. Pasinei neizvi, kutsvagisa nekudyara mari munzvimbo iyi kwakasimba. Kune zvishandiso zvemazuva ano, mabhatiri e-solid-state anovimbisa zvishandiso zvakatetepa, zvakachengeteka, uye zvinogara kwenguva refu - kunyangwe kushandiswa kwawo kwakawanda kuchiri kunonoka.
Kuchaja Nekukurumidza Kwesimba Repamusoro uye Kugadzira Voltage
Kuda kwemushandisi kuchaja nekukurumidza kwakonzera tekinoroji yekuchaja nekukurumidza ine simba guru. Iye zvino, kuchaja pa30–120 watts kana kupfuura kwakajairika pane mamwe mafoni. Chinhu chikuru hachisi cheadapter ine simba guru chete, asi sisitimu yese: tambo, maports, kudzora tembiricha, dhizaini yemasero ebhatiri, uye maalgorithms ekuchaja.
Vagadziri vazhinji vanoshandisa dhizaini yemasero maviri kana kuti yakakwirira. Semuenzaniso, bhatiri rakakamurwa kuita masero maviri anochajwa panguva imwe chete, zvichibvumira kudzora kupisa zviri nani uye simba rekuchaja risinganyanyi kunyanyisa pasero rega rega. Uyezve, masisitimu ekuchaja emazuva ano anoshandisa nhanho yekuchaja: inokurumidza pakutanga kana bhatiri rakaderera, yozononoka sezvo yava kuda kuchaja zvizere kuchengetedza kuchengetedzeka uye hutano hwebhatiri.
Sisitimu Yekutarisira Mabhatiri (BMS) iri kuwedzera kungwara
Kuseri kwebhatiri rinoita seriri nyore kune BMS—circuit nesoftware inotarisira kuchaja, kuburitsa, kutarisa tembiricha, voltage, uye current. MaBMS emazuva ano ari kuramba achiwedzera "kungwara," achishandisa masensa akarurama uye maalgorithms anochinjika. Muenzaniso chinhu chekuchaja chakangwara chinodzidza maitiro emushandisi, wobva wabata chaji pa80-90% woipedzisa pedyo nenguva iyo mushandisi anomuka kana kuti ava kuda kushandisa mudziyo. Chinangwa ndechekuderedza nguva iyo bhatiri riri pavoltage yakakwira, izvo zvinogona kukurumidzisa kuora.
Pamalaptop nemidziyo yepamusoro, BMS inotsigirawo nzira ye "kuchengetedza bhatiri" kana muganho wepamusoro wekuchaja kuti uwedzere hupenyu hwebhatiri, kunyanya kana mudziyo uchishandiswa kakawanda paunenge wakabatana.
Tekinoroji yekupisa: Kutonhodza kwekushanda uye hupenyu
Kuchaja nekukurumidza uye kushanda kwepamusoro zvinopa kupisa. Kupisa muvengi mukuru webhatiri nekuti kunokurumidza kukanganisa makemikari anoparadza. Saka, hunyanzvi hutsva hausi mumakemikari ebhatiri chete asiwo mukutarisira kupisa. Mamwe magadget emazuva ano anoshandisa graphite layers, vapor chambers, kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinofambisa kupisa kuti zviparadzire kupisa zvakaenzana.
Pamusoro pezvo, kugona kuona tembiricha uchishandisa mapoinzi akawanda kunobatsira michina kusarudza kuti inguva yekuderedza simba rekuchaja kana kuderedza mashandiro e processor kuchengetedza tembiricha dzakachengeteka. Mukushandiswa chaiko, kugadzikana kwetembiricha kunowanzova musiyano pakati pebhatiri rinogara kwemakore nerinokurumidza kuora.
Kugadzirwa kweSero: Sero rePouch, Prismatic, uye Kubatanidzwa Kwakanaka Kwazvo
Mabhatiri ezvishandiso anowanzo pinda mubhegi kana mupurasitiki, zvichisarudzwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nenzvimbo uye dhizaini yemudziyo. Vagadziri vazhinji vanogadzirisa "kushanda zvakanaka kwepakeji," ndiko kuti bhatiri rinozadza nzvimbo yemukati memudziyo. Kuchinja kudiki pachimiro, nzvimbo, uye module kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera zvishoma muzana kwesimba pasina kuchinja saizi yemudziyo.
Imwe nzira ndeyekubatanidza zvikamu: mabhodhi emagetsi madiki, masisitimu emakamera anoshanda zvakanaka, uye magadzirirwo emukati anobvumira nzvimbo yakawanda yebhatiri. Munguva yekugadzirwa kwakatetepa, mirimita yega yega inoverengwa.
Hupenyu uye Kutenderera: Kubva "Pazuva Rimwe" Kusvika Kugara Kwenguva Refu
Kunze kwehuwandu hwemagetsi, chiyero chakakosha inguva yekushanda kwebhatiri—huwandu hwenguva iyo bhatiri rinogona kuchajwazve simba raro risati radzikira zvakanyanya. Kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu, maBMS, uye maitiro ekuchaja anotsigirwa nemidziyo zvinobatsira kuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri. Vagadziri vazhinji vava kuda kuti mabhatiri arambe aine hutano hwakanaka mushure memazana kusvika kuzviuru zvemashanduko, kunyanya mumidziyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya senge mafoni.
Kune vashandisi, shanduko dziri nyore dzinoitawo mutsauko: kuchengetedza tembiricha yemuchina yakaderera, kudzivirira kushandiswa zvakanyanya paunenge uchichaja kana mudziyo uchipisa zviri nyore, uye kushandisa mukana we "optimized charging" iripo.
Zvinhu Zvinoenderana Nekuchengetedzwa Kwezvinhu: Kudzokorodza uye Kutengesa Zvinhu
Tekinoroji yemabhatiri iripo iri kufambira mberiwo pakuchengetedza zvinhu. Kuderedza cobalt, kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira, uye mapurogiramu ekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakare ndizvo zvinhu zvinonyanya kutariswa. Kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakare zvine chinangwa chekuwana zvinhu zvinokosha zvakaita senickel, lithium, nemhangura. Sezvo huwandu hwezvishandiso zvemagetsi huchiwedzera, kudzokorodza zvinhu zvakare zvine simba kuchava kwakakosha pakuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uku uchichengetedza zvinhu zviripo.
Vamwe vagadziri vari kutangawo kusimbisa kujeka kwecheni yekugovera uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvine mutoro. Mune ramangwana, mabhatiri emidziyo haazongovi ekushanda zvakanaka chete, asiwo nezvetsika dzekugadzira uye kukanganisa kwaanoita nharaunda.
Penutup
Tekinoroji yemabhatiri yemidziyo yemazuva ano iri kuchinja panguva imwe chete: makemikari akawanda ane simba rakawanda (senge silicon anodes), pfungwa itsva dzinovimbisa kuchengetedzeka (solid-state), kuchaja nekukurumidza kuri kuwedzera, maBMS akangwara, uye magadzirirwo ekupisa uye kurongedza ari kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka. Kune vashandisi, mhedzisiro yacho yakajeka: michina yakatetepa, inokurumidza kuchaja, yakachengeteka, uye iri pedyo nepfungwa yekuti bhatiri rishande "zuva rese", kunyangwe richishandiswa zvakanyanya.
Kunyange zvazvo pasina tekinoroji imwe chete yakakwana, nhungamiro yekuvandudza zvinhu zvitsva inogara yakafanana: kuwedzera huwandu hwesimba, kukurumidza kuchaja zvakachengeteka, uye kuwedzera hupenyu uku uchichengetedza kuchengetedzeka. Mumakore anotevera, mabhatiri haazove achingotsigira zvikamu chete, asi panzvimbo pezvo ndiwo musimboti wekuvandudza zvinhu zvitsva unotsanangura ruzivo rwedu rwezuva nezuva rwezvishandiso.
