Mabhatiri Ane Hunhu Hwakakwirira Emidziyo Yemagetsi
Mumakumi emakore apfuura, zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvakashanduka nekukurumidza: mafoni efoni aderera, malaptop areruka, mawachi emazuva ano ave epamusoro-soro, uye midziyo yemumba yava "yakangwara" zvakanyanya nekuda kwekubatana kwavo neinternet. Seri kwekufambira mberi uku kune chimwe chinhu chakakosha asi chinowanzo furatirwa: bhatiri. Pasina bhatiri rakavimbika, mudziyo unotakurika haunganyatso takurika. Ndosaka mabhatiri ane simba rakawanda ave nyaya inokosha - kwete kune vagadziri chete, asiwo kune vashandisi vanoda hupenyu hwebhatiri hwakareba, kusachaja nguva zhinji, uye ruzivo rwakagadzikana rwevashandisi.
Chii chinonzi Bhatiri Rine Simba Rakawanda?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kugona kwebhatiri huwandu hwesimba raunogona kuchengeta uye wozoshandisa kupa simba mudziyo. Kugona kunowanzo kuyerwa muma milliampere-hours (mAh) kumidziyo midiki yakaita semafoni kana muma watt-hours (Wh) kumidziyo mikuru yakaita semalaptop. Bhatiri rine simba rakawanda rinoreva kuti rinogona kuchengetedza simba rakawanda kupfuura bhatiri rekare remhando imwe chete kana saizi imwe chete, zvichibvumira mudziyo kushanda kwenguva yakareba usati wada kuchajwazve.
Zvisinei, "high capacity" inogonawo kutsanangurwa nenzira mbiri. Chekutanga, zvinoreva absolute capacity yakakura (semuenzaniso, bhatiri re6000 mAh riri mufoni). Chechipiri, zvinoreva high energy density, uko kuri kugona kuchengetedza simba rakawanda muhukuru hudiki nehuremu. Kune zvishandiso zvemazuva ano zvinoisa pamberi magadzirirwo matete, simba density ndiyo inonyanya kukosha.
Sei Kudiwa Kwesimba Rakawanda?
Kudiwa kwemabhatiri ane simba guru kuri kuwedzera sezvo mashandisirwo emidziyo achichinja. Nharembozha hadzisi midziyo yekutaurirana chete, asiwo makamera, maturusi ebasa, mamapu ekufambisa, mawallet edhijitari, nenzvimbo dzevaraidzo. Mabasa akaita sekutepfenyura mavhidhiyo, mitambo yemitambo, mafoni evhidhiyo, uye kushandiswa kweGPS zvinopedza simba nekukurumidza kupfuura foni nekutumira mameseji ekare. Panguva iyi, malaptop haasisiri ematafura chete; vanhu vazhinji vanoshanda vari kure, vanopinda misangano yepamhepo, uye vanovimba nemabhatiri avo kuti vabudirire zuva nezuva.
Kune rumwe rutivi, zvinhu zviri kuchinja zvinodawo simba rakawanda: madhiraivha emhando yepamusoro ekuzorodza, kubatana kwe5G, masensa e biometric, uye zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zveAI zviri pamudziyo. Kana mudziyo ukashandisa simba rakawanda, simba rawo rinokwira. Saka, mabhatiri ane simba rakawanda ndiwo mhinduro yezvido izvi.
Tekinoroji Yebhatiri Inonyanya Kushandiswa Nhasi
Midziyo yemagetsi yemazuva ano yakawanda inoshandisa mabhatiri e-lithium-ion (Li-ion) kana lithium-polymer (Li-Po). Ose ane hunhu hwepamusoro: simba rakawanda, kushanda zvakanaka, uye kugona kuchaja mazana emasekeji. Muchokwadi, mabhatiri mazhinji efoni anonzi Li-Po, kunyangwe makemikari awo achiri mumhuri yelithium-ion. Musiyano mukuru uri muchimiro chawo chemuviri uye rudzi rwe electrolyte, izvo zvinoita kuti akwanise kuchinjika zvakanyanya pamagadzirirwo matete.
Zvisinei, tekinoroji ye lithium ine matambudziko ayo. Kushandiswa zvakanyanya uye kuchaja nekukurumidza kunogona kuwedzera tembiricha, uye tembiricha dzakakwirira dzinokurumidzisa kuora. Saka, bhatiri rine simba guru harisi "guru" chete; rinofanira kutsigirwa nehurongwa hwakasimba hwekutarisira bhatiri (BMS), zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro, uye dhizaini yekupisa yakachengeteka.
Zvinhu Zvinosarudza Kushanda Kwebhatiri Rakawanda
Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinosarudza kana bhatiri rine simba guru richibatsira zvechokwadi:
1. Kuwanda kwesimba: kana huwandu hwesimba hwakawedzera, simba rakawanda munzvimbo imwe chete. Izvi zvakakosha kumafoni matete zvakanyanya uye zvinopfekwa.
2. Mwero wekubuda kwesimba: bhatiri rinofanira kukwanisa kupa magetsi makuru kuti riite basa rakanyanya sekutamba mitambo kana kuratidzira.
3. Nguva yekuchaja: Mabhatiri emhando yepamusoro anoramba achikwanisa kushanda kwenguva refu. Bhatiri rinokurumidza kuora rinoita kuti simba raro rekutanga rive risina zvarinoreva.
4. Kuchengetedzwa: Kudzivirirwa kubva pakuchaja zvakanyanya, kuwanda kwemagetsi, uye mapfupi emagetsi zvinosungirwa. Kugona kwakanyanya kunoreva kuchengetedza simba rakawanda, zvichiita kuti kuchengetedzeka kuve kwakakosha.
5. Kudzora tembiricha: Kupisa ndiko muvengi mukuru webhatiri. Midziyo ine magadzirirwo akanaka ekutonhodza inowanzochengetedza hutano hwebhatiri kwenguva yakareba.
Mhedzisiro yeKuchaja Bhatiri Nekukurumidza
Kuchaja nekukurumidza kwave chinhu chinozivikanwa. Nesimba rakawanda, mabhatiri anogona kuchajwa kubva pa0–50% munguva pfupi. Zvisinei, mafungu ekuchaja akakwira anogona kuwedzera kupisa uye kushushikana kwemakemikari mukati memaseru emabhatiri. Vagadziri vari kugadzirisa dambudziko iri nematekinoroji akadai sekuchaja kwemasero maviri kuti vadzore voltage nemagetsi zvakachengeteka, pamwe nehurongwa hwekuchaja hwakarongwa hunononoka kuchaja sezvo hwava kusvika 80–100%.
Kune vashandisi, chinhu chikuru ndechekunzwisisa kuti kuchaja nekukurumidza kuri nyore, asi hakusi kwakanaka nguva dzose kana kuchiitwa nguva dzose mumamiriro ekunze anopisa. Kuchaja uchishandisa mudziyo zvakanyanya (semuenzaniso, kutamba mitambo) kunogona kuwedzera tembiricha uye kukurumidzisa kudzikira kwesimba. Mabhatiri ane simba rakawanda anogara kwenguva yakareba kana akashandiswa mukati metembiricha yakakodzera uye netsika dzakakodzera dzekuchaja.
Mabhatiri Ane Hunhu Hwakakwirira Mumidziyo Yakasiyana-siyana
Mafoni anowanzova muenzaniso uri pachena. Mabhatiri e5000–6000 mAh akajairika, kunyanya mumafoni anonyanya kukoshesa hupenyu hwebhatiri. Zvisinei, mafoni epamusoro dzimwe nguva anosarudza hunyanzvi hudiki kuti agadzire magadzirirwo akatetepa kana kuti akwane makamera nemasisitimu ekutonhodza.
Malaptop anoyera kugona kwemagetsi muWh. Malaptop eSlim anowanzo bva pa40–70 Wh, nepo malaptop ebasa kana ekugadzira anogona kunge akakura. Zvisinei, mitemo yendege inoda kuti mabhatiri apfuure simba rakati, saka vagadziri vanowanzo enzanisa kugona kwemagetsi uye kutakura.
Mapiritsi nezvinhu zvinopfekwa zvinobatsirwawo nemabhatiri ane simba guru, kunyange hazvo matambudziko acho akasiyana. Zvinhu zvinopfekwa zvinoda mabhatiri madiki uye anoshanda zvakanaka nekuti nzvimbo yacho haigari. Saka, kugadzirisa software, kuratidza simba zvakanaka, uye masensa anoshanda zvakanaka zvinowanzokosha sehuwandu hwebhatiri.
Basa reSoftware neKushanda Nesimba Zvakanaka
Bhatiri rakakura harisi iro rega mhinduro. Kushanda zvakanaka kwe chipset, operating system operating, uye background app management zvinokanganisa zvikuru hupenyu hwebhatiri. Midziyo mizhinji yemazuva ano inoshandisa ma processor ane ma architectures asingashandise simba zvakanyanya uye matekinoroji ekugadzira ari kuramba achiderera (semuenzaniso, 4nm kana 3nm) kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba. OLED screens inobatsirawo nekudzima ma pixels munzvimbo dzine rima. Kubatanidzwa kwebhatiri rine simba rakawanda uye kushanda zvakanaka kwesystem kunoita kuti michina igare kwenguva refu pasina kukanganisa kushanda kwayo.
Mazano ekuwedzera hupenyu hwemabhatiri ane simba rakawanda
Kuti bhatiri rirambe riine hutano, vashandisi vanogona kushandisa maitiro akati wandei ari nyore:
– Dzivisa kupisa kwakanyanya, kunyanya kupisa kwakanyanya.
- Shandisa charger yemhando yepamusoro inoenderana nezvinodiwa nemudziyo.
– Kana iripo, shandisa "kudzivirira bhatiri" kana kuderedza kuchaja kusvika 80–85% pakushandisa kwezuva nezuva.
– Usarega bhatiri richipera simba kakawanda.
- Deredza tsika yekuchaja paunenge uchiita maapplication anorema kwenguva yakareba.
Tsika iyi inobatsira kuderedza kuora kwesimba kuitira kuti simba rakawanda rirambe richibatsira kwenguva refu.
Ramangwana: Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvitsva Kupfuura Lithium-ion
Kutsvagurudza mabhatiri kuri kuenderera mberi. Imwe nzira inovimbisa ndeyemabhatiri e-solid-state, ayo anotsiva ma electrolyte emvura ne-solid electrolytes kuti awedzere kuchengetedzeka uye agonese kuwanda kwesimba. Kunewo tsvakurudzo pamusoro pesodium-ion senzira yakachipa uye yakawanda, kunyange hazvo huwandu hwayo hwesimba huchiri kufanira kuvandudzwa kuti hukwikwidzane mumidziyo yepamusoro. Uyezve, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zveanode zvakaita sesilicon kune mukana wekuwedzera kugona, kunyangwe dambudziko rekuwedzera kwezvinhu panguva yekuchaja richiri chinangwa chekutsvaga.
Mhedziso
Mabhatiri ane simba guru ndiwo musimboti wezvishandiso zvemagetsi zvemazuva ano. Anosangana nezvinodiwa zvekufamba nekushanda zvakanaka, ukuwo achigonesa zvinhu zviri kuwedzera kuoma pasina kugara achitsvaga nzvimbo yekubuditsa magetsi. Zvisinei, simba guru rinoda tekinoroji yekuchengetedza, manejimendi yekupisa, uye kugadzirisa software kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inogara kwenguva refu uye hupenyu hurefu. Tichitarisa mberi, zvinhu zvitsva zvakaita semabhatiri ane simba guru nezvinhu zvitsva zvinovimbisa matanho makuru, zvichiita kuti zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvive zvakavimbika, zvakachengeteka, uye zvakasimba pakushandisa kwezuva nezuva.
